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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEIR_2017 OPSP Update_Dec 2017OYSTER POINT SPECIFIC PLAN UPDATE AND DETAILS FOR PHASE II, III & IV Draft Subsequent Environmental Impact Report SCH No. 2010022070 City of South San Francisco Department of Economic and Community Development 315 Maple Avenue South San Francisco, CA 94083 L A M P H I E R -G R E G O R Y U R B A N P L A N N I N G ,E N V I R O N M E N T A L A N A L Y S I S &P R O J E C T M A N A G E M E N T |5 1 0 .5 3 5 .6 6 9 0 December 2017 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE i CONTENTS Page Chapter 1: Introduction to the Subsequent EIR ........................................................................... 1-1 Introduction to this Document ......................................................................................................... 1-1 Previous Analysis and Subsequent EIR ................................................................................. 1-1 Subsequent EIR Organization and Analysis .................................................................................... 1-3 Organization of this Document .............................................................................................. 1-3 Focus of SEIR Analysis ......................................................................................................... 1-4 Format of Environmental Review .......................................................................................... 1-4 Impact Statements and Mitigation Measures ......................................................................... 1-5 SEIR Review Process ....................................................................................................................... 1-6 Chapter 2: Executive Summary and Impact Overview ................................................................. 2-1 Summary Description ....................................................................................................................... 2-1 2017 OPSP Update Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................... 2-1 Significant and Unavoidable Impacts That Cannot be Mitigated to a Level of Less Than Significant .................................................................................................................................. 2-2 Impacts Reduced to a Level of Less Than Significant Through Mitigation .............................. 2-2 Alternatives ................................................................................................................................ 2-5 Chapter 3: Project Description ........................................................................................................ 3-1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3-1 Oyster Point Specific Plan Location and 2017 OPSP Update Area ................................................. 3-1 Site Conditions and Existing Uses ................................................................................................... 3-1 Changes to Site Conditions from the 2011 EIR ..................................................................... 3-2 2017 Oyster Point Specific Plan Update Description ...................................................................... 3-2 2011 OPSP Development Assumptions in the Update Area .................................................. 3-2 2017 OPSP Update Development Assumptions ..................................................................... 3-2 Unchanged Elements of the 2011 OPSP ................................................................................ 3-6 2017 OPSP Update Objectives ......................................................................................................... 3-7 Intended Uses of this SEIR .............................................................................................................. 3-8 Chapter 4: Aesthetics ........................................................................................................................ 4-1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 4-1 Regulatory Setting ............................................................................................................................ 4-1 Environmental Setting ...................................................................................................................... 4-1 Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................... 4-9 Scenic Vista ............................................................................................................................... 4-9 Scenic Highways ....................................................................................................................... 4-9 Visual Character ........................................................................................................................ 4-9 Light and Glare ........................................................................................................................ 4-10 Cumulative Aesthetic Impacts ................................................................................................. 4-10 DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE ii 2017 OPSP UPDATE Chapter 5: Agricultural, Forest and Mineral Resources .............................................................. 5-1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5-1 Agricultural and Forest Resources ................................................................................................... 5-1 Mineral Resources ........................................................................................................................... 5-1 Chapter 6: Air Quality ..................................................................................................................... 6-1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 6-1 Air Quality Setting ........................................................................................................................... 6-1 Regulatory Setting ........................................................................................................................... 6-2 Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................... 6-2 Clean Air Plan Consistency ...................................................................................................... 6-3 Operational Exposure of Sensitive Receptors to Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs) .................. 6-4 Operational Odors ..................................................................................................................... 6-6 Construction-Related Impacts ................................................................................................... 6-6 Operational Related Impacts ................................................................................................... 6-10 Cumulative Air Quality Impacts ............................................................................................. 6-13 Chapter 7: Biological Resources ...................................................................................................... 7-1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7-1 Environmental Setting ..................................................................................................................... 7-1 Regulatory Setting ........................................................................................................................... 7-6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................... 7-6 Habitat Modification ................................................................................................................. 7-7 Disturbance or Loss of Special-Status Species ......................................................................... 7-8 Trees Protected by the City’s Tree Protection Ordinance ....................................................... 7-10 Impacts of In-Water Construction ........................................................................................... 7-11 Habitat Conservation Plan or Natural Community Conservation Plan ................................... 7-11 Cumulative Biological Resources Impacts ............................................................................. 7-11 Chapter 8: Cultural Resources ........................................................................................................ 8-1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 8-1 Environmental Setting ..................................................................................................................... 8-1 Regulatory Setting ........................................................................................................................... 8-1 Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................... 8-2 Disturbance of Cultural Resources ............................................................................................ 8-2 Chapter 9: Geology and Soils ........................................................................................................... 9-1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 9-1 Regulatory Setting ........................................................................................................................... 9-1 Geologic Setting and Seismicity ...................................................................................................... 9-2 Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................... 9-2 Surface Fault Rupture ............................................................................................................... 9-3 Exposure to Strong Seismic Ground Shaking ........................................................................... 9-3 Seismically Induced Ground Failure, including Liquefaction and Ground Surface Settlement .................................................................................................................................. 9-3 Variable Subsurface Conditions ................................................................................................ 9-4 Landfill Gas at Building-Soil Interface ..................................................................................... 9-4 Settlement of Landfill Materials and Bay Mud ......................................................................... 9-4 Underground Utilities in Landfill Areas ................................................................................... 9-4 Soil Erosion ............................................................................................................................... 9-4 Expansive Soils ......................................................................................................................... 9-4 Landslides ................................................................................................................................. 9-4 CONTENTS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE iii Volcanic Hazards ....................................................................................................................... 9-4 Septic Systems ........................................................................................................................... 9-5 Unique Geological Features ...................................................................................................... 9-5 Wave Sustainability of Bayside Open Space ............................................................................. 9-5 Cumulative Geological Resources Impacts ............................................................................... 9-5 Chapter 10: Greenhouse Gas Emissions ....................................................................................... 10-1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 10-1 Environmental Setting .................................................................................................................... 10-1 Regulatory Setting .......................................................................................................................... 10-1 Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................. 10-4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...................................................................................................... 10-4 Consistency with Greenhouse Gas Reduction Plans ............................................................... 10-7 Chapter 11: Hazardous Materials ................................................................................................. 11-1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 11-1 Regulatory Setting .......................................................................................................................... 11-1 Environmental Setting .................................................................................................................... 11-1 Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................. 11-1 Hazardous Materials Use, Transport ....................................................................................... 11-2 Accidental Hazardous Materials Release ................................................................................ 11-3 Hazardous Materials Near Schools .......................................................................................... 11-3 Hazardous Materials Sites ....................................................................................................... 11-4 Airport Land Use Plan ............................................................................................................. 11-4 Adopted Emergency Response Plan ........................................................................................ 11-4 Wildland Fires ......................................................................................................................... 11-4 Cumulative Hazards and Hazardous Materials Impacts .......................................................... 11-5 Chapter 12: Hydrology ................................................................................................................... 12-1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 12-1 Environmental Setting .................................................................................................................... 12-1 Regulatory Setting .......................................................................................................................... 12-2 Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................. 12-2 Water Quality Standards or Waste Discharge Requirements .................................................. 12-3 Groundwater Depletion/ Recharge .......................................................................................... 12-3 Increased Erosion or Siltation to Receiving Waters ................................................................ 12-3 Changes in Stormwater Runoff ............................................................................................... 12-4 Otherwise Substantially Degrade Water Quality ..................................................................... 12-4 Structures Within a 100-Year Flood Hazard Area ................................................................... 12-4 Flooding from Levee or Dam Failure or Sea Level Rise ......................................................... 12-4 Inundation by Seiche, Tsunami or Mudflow ........................................................................... 12-4 Cumulative Hydrology Impact Analysis ................................................................................. 12-4 Chapter 13: Land Use ..................................................................................................................... 13-1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 13-1 Environmental Setting .................................................................................................................... 13-1 Regulatory Setting .......................................................................................................................... 13-1 Impacts and Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................ 13-15 Dividing Established Community .......................................................................................... 13-15 Conflict with Plans and Policies ............................................................................................ 13-16 Conflict with Conservation Plan ............................................................................................ 13-16 DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE iv 2017 OPSP UPDATE Chapter 14: Noise ............................................................................................................................ 14-1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 14-1 Noise Setting ................................................................................................................................. 14-1 Regulatory Setting ......................................................................................................................... 14-6 Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................. 14-6 Appropriateness of Noise Levels for Proposed Uses .............................................................. 14-7 Permanent Noise Level Increases ........................................................................................... 14-8 Cumulative Noise Level Increases .......................................................................................... 14-8 Vibration ................................................................................................................................. 14-8 Construction Noise .................................................................................................................. 14-9 Aircraft Noise ........................................................................................................................ 14-10 Chapter 15: Population, Public Services and Recreation ............................................................ 15-1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 15-1 Population/Housing ....................................................................................................................... 15-1 Setting ..................................................................................................................................... 15-1 Population/Housing Impact Analysis ...................................................................................... 15-2 Public Services and Recreation ..................................................................................................... 15-3 Setting ..................................................................................................................................... 15-3 Public Services and Recreation Impact Analysis .................................................................... 15-5 Chapter 16: Transportation and Circulation ............................................................................... 16-1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 16-1 Setting ............................................................................................................................................ 16-1 Impacts and Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................ 16-28 Increased Vehicle Trips ......................................................................................................... 16-29 Pedestrian Facilities .............................................................................................................. 16-29 Bicycle Facilities ................................................................................................................... 16-30 Shuttle Service Facilities ....................................................................................................... 16-31 Internal Circulation ............................................................................................................... 16-31 Existing (2016) with OPSP Intersection Operation .............................................................. 16-31 Existing (2016) with OPSP Vehicle Queuing ....................................................................... 16-33 Existing (2016) with OPSP Freeway Mainline Operation .................................................... 16-35 Existing (2016) with OPSP U.S. 101 Off-Ramp Operation .................................................. 16-35 Existing (2016) with OPSP U.S. 101 On-Ramp Operation .................................................. 16-35 Year 2040 with OPSP Intersection Operation ....................................................................... 16-36 Year 2040 with OPSP Vehicle Queuing ............................................................................... 16-41 Year 2040 with OPSP Freeway Mainline and On/Off-Ramp Operation .............................. 16-47 Chapter 17: Utilities ........................................................................................................................ 17-1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 17-1 Regulatory Setting ......................................................................................................................... 17-1 Environmental Setting ................................................................................................................... 17-1 Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................................................................. 17-4 Water Supplies and System ..................................................................................................... 17-5 Wastewater .............................................................................................................................. 17-6 Increase in Stormwater Flows ................................................................................................. 17-7 Landfill Capacity ..................................................................................................................... 17-7 Energy ..................................................................................................................................... 17-8 Cumulative Utilities Impacts ................................................................................................... 17-8 CONTENTS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE v Chapter 18: Other CEQA Considerations .................................................................................... 18-1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 18-1 Significant Irreversible Modifications in the Environment ............................................................ 18-1 Changes in Land Use Which Would Commit Future Generations .......................................... 18-1 Irreversible Changes From Environmental Actions ................................................................ 18-1 Growth Inducing Impacts ............................................................................................................... 18-2 Cumulative Impacts ....................................................................................................................... 18-2 Chapter 19: Alternatives ................................................................................................................ 19-1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 19-1 2017 OPSP Update Objectives ...................................................................................................... 19-1 2017 OPSP Update Impacts ........................................................................................................... 19-2 Alternatives Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 19-3 Selection of Alternatives ......................................................................................................... 19-3 Update Alternative A: No Project/2011 OPSP Alternative ..................................................... 19-4 Update Alternative B: Reduced Intensity (23% Reduction) Alternative ................................. 19-5 Update Alternative C: Reduced Intensity (35% Reduction) Alternative ................................. 19-7 Environmentally Superior Alternative ........................................................................................... 19-9 Chapter 20: References ................................................................................................................... 20-1 Report Preparers ............................................................................................................................. 20-1 References ...................................................................................................................................... 20-2 Appendices For hard copies of this document, all appendices are included on CD affixed to the back cover. Appendix A – 2017 OPSP Update Appendix B – 2011 Oyster Point Specific Plan and Phase I Project EIR Appendix C – Notice Of Preparation (NOP) And Comments Appendix D – Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas and Health Risk Technical Report Appendix E – Biological Resources Report Appendix F – Cultural Resources Records Searches and Tribal Contact Appendix G – Updated Assessment of Geology, Hazardous Materials, and Hydrology; Flood Hazard Update Appendix H – Environmental Noise Technical Report Appendix I – Municipal Services Assessment Appendix J – Traffic, Supporting Tables and Figures Appendix K – Water Supply Assessment DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE vi 2017 OPSP UPDATE Figures 3.1: OPSP location including 2017 OPSP Update area (Phases II, III, and IV) ......................... 3-11 3.2: Existing Uses in the OPSP area ........................................................................................... 3-12 3.3: OPSP Development Plan Including 2017 OPSP Update ..................................................... 3-13 3.4: OPSP Development Plan Including 2017 OPSP Update ..................................................... 3-14 3.5: Representative OPSP Elevations, Marina North Condominiums ........................................ 3-15 3.6: Representative OPSP Elevations, Park View Apartments ................................................... 3-16 3.7: OPSP Circulation ................................................................................................................. 3-17 4.1: Aerial Rendering, facing generally north ............................................................................... 4-3 4.2: Aerial Rendering, facing generally east ................................................................................. 4-4 4.3: Aerial Rendering, facing generally south .............................................................................. 4-5 4.4: Rendering, Park View Apartments (Phase III), facing generally northwest .......................... 4-6 4.5: Rendering, Marina North Condominiums (Phase III), facing generally northwest ............... 4-7 7.1: Habitat Map ........................................................................................................................... 7-3 16.1: Study Intersections and Intersection Control ....................................................................... 16-3 Tables 2.1: Summary of Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures ......................................................... 2-7 3.1: Comparison of Development Assumptions in the OPSP Update Area .................................. 3-3 3.2: Development Summary – Phases III and IV .......................................................................... 3-4 6.1: 2017 OPSP Update Area Net Operational Emissions .......................................................... 6-11 7.1: Biotic Habitat/Land Use Acreages within the 2017 OPSP Update Area ............................... 7-2 10.1: 2017 OPSP Update Area GHG Emissions ........................................................................... 10-6 14.1: Definitions of Acoustical Terms in this Report ................................................................... 14-2 14.2: Typical Noise Levels in the Environment............................................................................ 14-3 14.3: Reaction of People and Damage to Buildings for Continuous Vibration Levels ................. 14-4 16.1: Trip Generation and Comparison ......................................................................................... 16-7 16.2: Signalized Intersection LOS Criteria ................................................................................... 16-9 16.3: Unsignalized Intersection LOS Criteria ............................................................................. 16-10 16.4: Intersection Level of Service – Existing With and Without OPSP Traffic ........................ 16-11 16.5: 95th Percentile Queues - Existing (2016) Intersections at or Near U.S.101 Interchanges Potentially Impacted by the OPSP ..................................................................................... 16-13 16.6: Freeway Mainline Levels of Service Year 2016 Without and With OPSP ....................... 16-15 16.7: Off-Ramp Capacity and Volumes at Diverge From Freeway Mainline – Existing (2016) and Year 2040 With and Without OPSP Traffic – AM and PM Peak Hours .................... 16-16 16.8: On-Ramp Capacity and Volumes - Existing (2016) and Year 2040 With and Without OPSP Traffic – AM and PM Peak Hours .......................................................................... 16-17 16.9: Development Expected in East of 101 Area by 2040 (including OPSP and existing) ....... 16-22 16.10: Intersection Level of Service – Year 2040 With and Without OPSP Traffic .................... 16-25 16.11: 95th Percentile Queues - Year 2040 Intersections at or Near U.S.101 Interchanges With and Without OPSP Traffic ................................................................................................. 16-26 16.12: Freeway Mainline Levels of Service Year 2040 Without and With OPSP ....................... 16-27 19.1: Summary Comparison of Impacts, 2017 OPSP Update and Alternatives ......................... 19-11 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 1-1 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBSEQUENT EIR INTRODUCTION TO THIS DOCUMENT This Draft Subsequent Environmental Impact Report (Draft SEIR) is prepared in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) to evaluate the potential environmental impacts associated with the implementation of the Oyster Point Specific Plan Update/General Plan Amendment and Details for Phases II, III and IV (“2017 OPSP Update”) (State Clearinghouse Number 2010022070). The 2017 OPSP Update is included as Appendix A. Areas within the OPSP that are outside of Phases II, III, and IV (the 2017 OPSP Update area), are unaffected by the update and remain as proposed under the 2011 OPSP and analyzed in the 2011 EIR. This document is prepared in conformance with CEQA (California Public Resources Code, Section 21000, et seq.) and the CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Section 15000, et seq.). The purpose of an EIR is to disclose information to the public and to decision makers about the potential environmental effects of a proposed project. An EIR does not recommend either approval or denial of a proposed project; rather, it is intended to provide a source of independent and impartial analysis of the foreseeable environmental impacts of a proposed course of action. This Draft SEIR describes the proposed 2017 OPSP Update, analyzes its environmental effects and how those have or have not changed from that in the 2011 EIR, and discusses reasonable alternatives that would avoid, reduce, or minimize environmental impacts. The City of South San Francisco is the lead agency for the 2017 OPSP Update and will consider the information presented in this document in making an informed decision regarding the approval, conditions of approval, or denial of the 2017 OPSP Update. PREVIOUS ANALYSIS AND SUBSEQUENT EIR Summary of Previous Analysis The 2011 OPSP was originally approved in 2011, together with amendments to the South San Francisco General Plan and the South San Francisco Zoning Ordinance (Chapter 20.230), and the related EIR was certified. The 2011 OPSP included replacing the existing 403,212 square feet of light industrial/office space known as the Oyster Point Business Park with an up to 2,300,000 square foot office/research and development (R&D) development, improvements to the site circulation, utilities, and the landfill cap, provision of a flexible use recreation area and bay-front open space, and replacement of uses in the Oyster Point Marina area, potentially including one or two hotels with an aggregate of up to 350 rooms. The EIR for the 2011 OPSP (State Clearinghouse Number 2010022070) is incorporated by reference and is included as Appendix B to this document. Summary of Changes Proposed in the Current Update As is described in more detail in Chapter 3: Project Description, the 2017 OPSP Update proposes changing the proposed uses for the northern-most portion of the OPSP area (known as Phases III and IV) DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 1-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE from office/R&D in the 2011 OPSP to a residential mixed use development with up to 1,191 units and 22,000 square feet of retail space. The current proposal for Phase II development is generally consistent with the 2011 OPSP, in that office/R&D development is proposed in that location within the total office/R&D square-footage and maximum intensity anticipated in the 2011 OPSP. Phase II includes 1,070,000 square feet of office/R&D development including approximately 28,000 square feet of flexible-use retail/amenity space. Phase II has been included in the 2017 OPSP Update because, while generally consistent with the 2011 OPSP, the square footage for this one phase is more than assumed for any one phase and because the building design details and the location of parking have changed from what was previously assessed. With the change in use on Phases III and IV and the proposed intensity of office/R&D on Phase II, the total amount of office/R&D proposed in the OPSP area would be reduced by approximately 750,000 square feet. Additionally, while Phases II, III, and IV were addressed programmatically in the 2011 EIR, these phases are analyzed on a project basis in this 2017 OPSP Update SEIR. The currently proposed update would affect approximately 35 acres of the 85-acre OPSP area. The proposed plans for Phase I office/R&D, bay-front open space, and replacement of uses in the Oyster Point Marina area, potentially including one or two hotels with an aggregate of up to 350 rooms, are not included as part of the proposed update. As noted above, there is also no change in the proposed type of use for the Phase II area, which remains office/R&D. This SEIR analyzes the Phase II proposal with respect to the project-level specifics of the proposed Phase II office/R&D development Programmatic versus Project Level Analysis Programmatic EIRs evaluate the effects of broad proposals or planning-level decisions and often include multiple individual projects that will be implemented over a long timeframe. Programmatic EIRs are usually prepared for general plans, specific plans, and master plans and provide the level of detail necessary to choose among planning-level alternatives and develop broad mitigation strategies. Programmatic EIRs generally assess plans that do not include specific details related to construction activities and specifics of design and operational activities. Per section 15168 of the CEQA Guidelines, projects proposed in an area covered by a programmatic EIR – referred to as “Later Activities” – must be assessed to determine if additional environmental documentation is required to address the specifics of those project-level proposals. A Later Activity could be determined to have been adequately addressed in the programmatic EIR or a subsequent CEQA document can be prepared to address the project-level details that have been subsequently proposed. The 2011 OPSP, being a specific plan, was analyzed in the 2011 EIR, which assessed the entire OPSP on a programmatic level. The 2011 EIR additionally analyzed the Phase I development on a project level, as project-level details were proposed for that phase at the time. As detailed in Chapter 3: Project Description, project-level details are available for the 2017 OPSP Update area at this time, so the 2017 OPSP Update is analyzed on a project level in this Subsequent EIR. Decision to Prepare an SEIR In discussing Subsequent EIRs and Negative Declarations, CEQA Guidelines §15162 provides that: (a) When an EIR has been certified or a negative declaration adopted for a project, no subsequent EIR shall be prepared for that project unless the lead agency determines, on the basis of substantial evidence in the light of the whole record, one or more of the following: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 1-3 (1) Substantial changes are proposed in the project which will require major revisions of the previous EIR or negative declaration due to the involvement of new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant effects; (2) Substantial changes occur with respect to the circumstances under which the project is undertaken which will require major revisions of the previous EIR or Negative Declaration due to the involvement of new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant effects; or (3) New information of substantial importance, which was not known and could not have been known with the exercise of reasonable diligence at the time the previous EIR was certified as complete or the Negative Declaration was adopted, shows any of the following: (A) The project will have one or more significant effects not discussed in the previous EIR or negative declaration; (B) Significant effects previously examined will be substantially more severe than shown in the previous EIR; (C) Mitigation measures or alternatives previously found not to be feasible would in fact be feasible, and would substantially reduce one or more significant effects of the project, but the project proponents decline to adopt the mitigation measure or alternative; or (D) Mitigation measures or alternatives which are considerably different from those analyzed in the previous EIR would substantially reduce one or more significant effects on the environment, but the project proponents decline to adopt the mitigation measure or alternative. … The City considers the change of use in Phases III and IV to residential as a substantial change in the project and determined that a SEIR should be prepared to assess the potential for changed impacts under the 2017 OPSP Update. While consistent with the office/R&D use proposed in the 2011 OPSP, Phase II has also been included in the 2017 OPSP Update area to address project-specific details including the specific square footage at that location and details of building design and the location of parking. No Initial Study was prepared. Rather the SEIR will analyze all topic areas in the same order as the EIR for the 2011 OPSP, as described below. SUBSEQUENT EIR ORGANIZATION AND ANALYSIS ORGANIZATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This Draft SEIR will include the same chapters as the Draft EIR for the 2011 OPSP. An Executive Summary follows this introduction as Chapter 2. This summary presents an overview of the project and the potentially significant environmental impacts which may be associated with the project, including a listing of recommended mitigation measures and a discussion of how impacts have changed with the 2017 OPSP Update. The Draft SEIR presents a description of the project in Chapter 3. Chapters 4 through 18 present environmental analysis of the 2017 OPSP Update, focusing on the following issues: DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 1-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE 4. Aesthetics 5. Agricultural, Forest and Mineral Resources 6. Air Quality 7. Biological Resources 8. Cultural Resources 9. Geology and Soils 10. Greenhouse Gas Emissions 11. Hazards and Hazardous Materials 12. Hydrology and Water Quality 13. Land Use and Planning 14. Noise 15. Population, Public Services and Recreation 16. Traffic/Transportation 17. Utilities/Service Systems Chapter 18 presents Other CEQA Considerations, including a discussion of significant and irreversible modifications in the environment, growth inducing impacts, and cumulative impacts. Chapter 19 presents an evaluation of the environmental effects which may be associated with the proposed project and the alternatives evaluated. Chapter 20 lists the persons who prepared the Draft SEIR, identifies those persons and organizations contacted during the preparation of the document, and lists the reference materials used. FOCUS OF SEIR ANALYSIS The analysis in this SEIR focuses on the changes to the 2011 OPSP proposed with the current 2017 OPSP Update and makes impact conclusions for the 2017 OPSP Update. This approach is taken because CEQA review has already occurred in the prior EIR for the 2011 OPSP, including identification of environmental effects, feasible mitigation measures, and feasible alternatives, and Phase I is proceeding under prior approvals and analysis. In addition to the changed project (office/R&D uses changed to residential in Phases III and IV), this document also considers whether there are substantial changes in circumstances or new information of substantial importance to take into account in each analysis chapter. This SEIR is a subsequent document to the 2011 EIR and incorporates only the information necessary to make the 2011 EIR adequate for the 2017 OPSP Update, in accordance with CEQA Guidelines Section 15162. Each environmental analysis section includes the additions/changes necessary to update the 2011 EIR accordingly. FORMAT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW Environmental Topic Chapters Each environmental analysis chapter generally includes two main subsections: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 1-5 • Existing Setting, including a discussion of whether updates to the 2011 EIR setting section require updating for this analysis of the 2017 OPSP Update; and • Impacts and Mitigation Measures, which identifies and discusses the potential impacts of the 2017 OPSP Update and cites applicable mitigation measures that would, to the extent possible, reduce or eliminate adverse impacts identified in this chapter. A discussion of how each impact and mitigation applies to the 2017 OPSP Update, does not apply, or has been revised from the analysis and findings in the 2011 EIR is included within the Impacts and Mitigation Measures sections of the environmental analysis chapters. IMPACT STATEMENTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES This SEIR identifies impacts and mitigation measures from the 2011 EIR that remain applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update or that require minor revisions to retain applicability and identifies new impacts and/or mitigation measures associated with the 2017 OPSP Update. Impact Classifications The following level of significance classifications are used throughout the impact analysis in this SEIR, and are consistent with those used in the 2011 EIR: • No Impact (NI) – This designation is used when implementation of the 2017 OPSP Update would result in no noticeable adverse effect on the environment. • Less than Significant (LTS) – The impacts of the 2017 OPSP Update do not reach or exceed the defined threshold/criteria of significance. • Less than Significant with Mitigation Measures (LTS with MM) – The impact of the 2017 OPSP Update is expected to reach or exceed the defined threshold/criteria of significance but would be reduced below threshold levels to a less than significant level through implementation of identified mitigation measures. • Significant and Unavoidable (SU) – The impact of the 2017 OPSP Update reaches or exceeds the defined threshold/criteria of significance. No feasible mitigation measure is available to reduce the S impact to LTS. In these cases, feasible mitigation measures are identified to reduce the S impact to the maximum feasible extent, and the significant impact is considered SU. Impacts are also classified as SU if a feasible mitigation measure is identified that would reduce the impact to LTS, but the approval and/or implementation of the mitigation measure is not within the City of South San Francisco’s or the applicant’s sole control, in which case the analysis cannot presume implementation of the mitigation measure and the resulting LTS impact. Comparison of Impacts and Conclusions to the 2011 EIR As previously stated above, this SEIR addresses the physical environmental effects of the 2017 OPSP Update and presents the additions/changes necessary to update the 2011 EIR to address the “substantial change” represented by the current project. For each environmental impact, the SEIR concludes one of the following to describe how the impact, mitigation measures (if applicable), and impact conclusion compares to those in the 2011 EIR. The following designations, along with the impact classification, are included before impact statements in this SEIR. • “Same Conclusion” – The 2017 OPSP Update would result in substantially the same significance conclusion (significant or otherwise) as identified for the 2011 OPSP, with no changes needed for applicability of the impact statement and mitigation measures, if any. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 1-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE • “Same Conclusion, Revised Statements”– The 2017 OPSP Update would result in substantially the same impact (significant or otherwise) as identified for the 2011 OPSP, but wording of the impact statement and/or mitigation measure(s) needs to be revised to reflect current requirements and/or to revise applicability given the proposed change in use on a portion of the OPSP area. • “More Significant Conclusion” – The 2017 OPSP Update would result in significance conclusions that are materially greater in severity than previously identified. This could mean a LTS conclusion where previously no impact was identified, a SU conclusion where the 2011 EIR concluded LTS, or a substantially worsened SU conclusion. Impact statements and mitigation measures would likely be revised or added in this situation. • “Less Significant Conclusion” – The 2017 OPSP Update would result in significance conclusions that are materially reduced in severity from those previously identified. This could mean a conclusion of no impact where previously a LTS conclusion was made, a LTS conclusion where the 2011 EIR concluded SU, or a substantially reduced SU conclusion. Impact statements and mitigation measures would likely be revised or removed in this situation. Chapter 2: Executive Summary of this SEIR includes a complete list of impacts and mitigation measures from the 2011 EIR and this 2017 SEIR, including those that are eliminated, added, or revised by this SEIR. SEIR REVIEW PROCESS A Notice of Preparation (NOP) was issued in February 2017 to solicit comments from public agencies and the public regarding the scope of the environmental evaluation for the 2017 OPSP Update. The NOP and all written responses are presented in Appendix C. The responses were taken into consideration during the preparation of the Draft SEIR. This Draft SEIR is intended to enable City decision makers, public agencies, and interested citizens to evaluate the environmental consequences associated with the proposed project. The City of South San Francisco, as lead agency, will consider the information contained in the SEIR prior to making a decision on the project. As required under CEQA, the City must also respond to each significant effect identified in the SEIR by making findings and if necessary, by making a statement of overriding considerations for significant and unavoidable effects (if any) before approving the project. In accordance with California law, the SEIR on the project must be certified before any action on the project can be taken. SEIR certification does not constitute project approval. During the review period for this Draft SEIR, interested individuals, organizations and agencies may offer their comments on its evaluation of project impacts and alternatives. The comments received during this public review period will be compiled and presented together with responses to these comments in a Final SEIR. Together, the Draft SEIR and the Final SEIR will constitute the SEIR for the project. The City of South San Francisco will review the SEIR documents at a noticed public meeting and will consider whether or not to certify the SEIR and approve the project. In reviewing the Draft SEIR, readers should focus on the sufficiency of the document in identifying and analyzing the possible environmental impacts associated with the 2017 OPSP Update (project-level impacts of Phases II, III and IV of the OPSP area only). Readers are also encouraged to review and comment on ways in which significant impacts associated with this project might be avoided or mitigated. Comments are most helpful when they suggest additional specific alternatives or new or modified mitigation measures that would provide better ways to avoid or mitigate significant environmental impacts. Reviewers should explain the basis for their comments and, whenever possible, should submit data or references in support of their comments. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 1-7 This Draft SEIR will be circulated for a minimum forty-five (45) day public review period. During that public review period, comments should be submitted in writing to: Billy Gross, Senior Planner Department of Economic and Community Development City of South San Francisco 315 Maple Avenue South San Francisco, CA 94083 650-877-8535 billy.gross@ssf.net After reviewing the SEIR and following action to certify it as adequate and complete, the City of South San Francisco will be in a position to approve, revise or reject the 2017 OPSP Update as currently proposed. This determination will be based upon information presented regarding the entirety of the 2017 OPSP Update, its impacts and probable consequences, and the possible alternatives and mitigation measures available. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 1-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page intentionally left blank. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-1 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW SUMMARY DESCRIPTION This SEIR analyzes the potential for environmental impacts resulting from implementation of the 2017 OPSP Update to the 2011 OPSP. The 2017 OPSP Update proposes residential use, instead of office/R&D, in the Phase III and IV areas of the OPSP and also provides project-level detail for design and square footage of office/R&D in Phase II. The applicant is Oyster Point Development, LLC. The Lead Agency is the City of South San Francisco. The applicant is seeking amendments of the City’s General Plan, OPSP, and Zoning Ordinance, as well as phase-specific entitlements that will enable development of the 2017 OPSP Update, including but not limited to approval of subdivision or parcel maps, Precise Plan(s), design review, Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plan, and Development Agreement(s). The 2017 OPSP Update area is a portion of the larger OPSP area. The approximately 85-acre OPSP site is located about 3/4 of a mile east of U.S. 101, at the eastern end (Bay side) of Oyster Point and Marina Boulevards in the “East of 101” planning area. The currently proposed 2017 OPSP Update encompasses the northern approximately 35 acres of the 85-acre OPSP area, including the areas identified in the 2011 EIR as Phases II, III, and IV. The 2017 OPSP Update area is approximately the same as the existing development known as the Oyster Point Business Park along with surrounding shoreline and roadways. The plan for the remainder of the OPSP area remains unchanged under the 2017 OPSP Update. The 2011 OPSP originally envisioned a total of 1,750,000 square feet of private office/R&D development across Phases II, III, and IV (the area subject to the 2017 OPSP Update), with approximately 500,000 to 700,000 square feet of development in each phase. The 2017 OPSP Update proposal for Phase II development does not change the plan for office/R&D development in that location. However, the amount of office/R&D proposed in that location is higher than previously assumed at 1,070,000 square feet including approximately 28,000 square feet of flexible-use retail/amenity, and site design specifics including parking and circulation elements have been revised. The 2011 OPSP allows for such adjustment in phase square footage. The 2017 OPSP Update for Phases III and IV consists of up to 1,191 residential units and 22,000 square feet of flexible use retail and/or amenity space, rather than the office/R&D uses contemplated in the 2011 OPSP for those phases. 2017 OPSP UPDATE IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The analyses in Chapters 4 through 18 of this document provide a description of the existing setting, identify potential environmental impacts associated with implementation of the 2017 OPSP Update, and identify mitigation measures to reduce or avoid potentially significant impacts that could occur as a result of 2017 OPSP Update implementation. Table 2.1 at the end of this chapter lists a summary statement of each potentially significant impact and corresponding mitigation measure(s), as well as the resulting level of significance. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE SIGNIFICANT AND UNAVOIDABLE IMPACTS THAT CANNOT BE MITIGATED TO A LEVEL OF LESS THAN SIGNIFICANT Significant environmental impacts require the implementation of mitigation measures or alternatives (where feasible) to reduce those impacts, or a finding by the Lead Agency that possible mitigation measures are infeasible for specific reasons. For some of the significant impacts, feasible mitigation measures either have not been identified, have uncertain feasibility, or may not be effective in reducing the impacts to a less than significant level. These impacts are designated as significant and unavoidable, as follows:  Noise: The changes proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would not change conclusions related to construction noise in the 2011 EIR. Noise generated by construction on the site would temporarily though substantially increase noise levels at existing live-aboard boats in the vicinity of the site as well as at earlier phases of proposed new residential units. As under the 2011 OPSP, this impact would be partially reduced through implementation of construction noise control measures (Noise-5), but the impact would remain significant and unavoidable as a result of the extended period of time that adjacent receivers could be exposed to construction noise though the noise increases would be both episodic and temporary.  Traffic: The changes proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would result in almost the same daily and 2-way peak hour traffic as under the 2011 OPSP. However, because the directionality of traffic would change (with the 2011 OPSP generally following the employment base of the East of 101 area with inbound trips in the AM peak hour as employees arrive for work and outbound trips in the PM peak hour as employees leave the area to go home whereas the 2017 OPSP Update residential uses generally following the reverse pattern), specifics of traffic impacts between the 2011 OPSP and the 2017 OPSP Update have been revised, with some impacts being more significant under the 2011 OPSP and other impacts being more significant under the 2017 OPSP Update. While the impacts between both are similar, it can be stated that changing some traffic to a different directionality than that predominant in the area would generally be considered beneficial from a traffic perspective. With updated modeling for this SEIR, including both increases in background traffic and the proposed changes under the 2017 OPSP Update, there have been revisions to the specifics of which impacts would be significant and which would not have feasible mitigation. Some significant and unavoidable impacts that had previously been identified under the 2011 EIR were found to be less than significant under the new modeling or reduced to that level through mitigation including AM peak hour impacts at off-ramps and some PM peak hour impacts at on-ramps. Significant and unavoidable impacts under the 2011 EIR that remain with the 2017 OPSP Update include intersection level of service impacts, intersection queuing impacts, cumulative PM peak hour on- ramp impacts, and freeway mainline impacts (Traf-13, Traf-16, Traf-17, Traf-18, Traf-22, Traf- 23), and one intersection level of service impact that had not been identified under the 2011 EIR (Traf-14), though the specifics of the impacts have been revised due to changed background conditions and trips from the OPSP. IMPACTS REDUCED TO A LEVEL OF LESS THAN SIGNIFICANT THROUGH MITIGATION The following potentially significant impacts could be reduced to less than significant levels with implementation of mitigation measures:  Aesthetics: The changes proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would not change conclusions related to aesthetics in the 2011 EIR. While the proposed massing and height of buildings is revised from that in the 2011 OPSP, these changes would not result in substantial changes to the impacts, mitigation measures, or conclusions CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-3 in the 2011 EIR. As under the 2011 EIR, a lighting plan would minimize light pollution (Vis-2a) and choice of building materials would reduce glare (Vis-2b) to less than significant levels.  Air Quality: While the change in use proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would not substantially change emissions from the site (which are driven largely by daily traffic volumes, which remain the same), regional plans, modeling methodologies, and emissions modeling have been updated, resulting in revised impacts, mitigation measures and conclusions, including that the development in the OPSP is consistent with the current Clean Air Plan (where it wasn’t with the previous Clean Air Plan) (Air-1), and that development under the 2017 OPSP Update would require operational emissions offsets or restrictions of type of paint used at the site (imposed either directly on occupants or by regional regulations) to reduce the impact to less than significant levels (Air-5). While this impact was not identified under previous modeling methodologies, the 2017 OPSP Update would have lower emissions than the 2011 OPSP. The 2017 OPSP Update would add residents to the site, which are sensitive receptors in relation to emissions and would be closer to some existing and increased emissions sources than existing live- aboard boats previously assessed. A health risk assessment was completed and determined that operational risks would be below significance thresholds in the 2017 OPSP Update area (Air-2b) as would construction-period risks with identified additional construction-period emissions controls (Air-4).  Biological Resources: The changes proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would not change conclusions related to biological resources. The 2017 OPSP Update would have no additional biological impacts and no biological impacts that would be more significant than identified the 2011 EIR. Some of the biological impacts identified in the 2011 EIR would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update because the 2017 OPSP Update area either does not include the impacted habitat or species or the 2017 OPSP Update development avoids disturbance of the impacted habitat or species. As under the 2011 EIR, the 2017 OPSP Update would reduce all significant biological impacts to less than significant levels though mitigation that would avoid shoreline wetland or aquatic habitats (Bio-2b), minimize potential impacts from construction-period and operational run-off to adjacent aquatic habitats (Bio-3a, Bio-3b, and Bio-4), avoid construction-period disturbance of nesting birds (Bio-6), and design buildings to minimize potential for bird strikes (Bio-10a and Bio-10b).  Cultural Resources: The changes proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would not change conclusions related to cultural resources. As under the 2011 EIR, appropriate handling in the event of a discovery would apply including revisions to include tribal resources in addition to other cultural resources (Culture-1a, Culture-1b).  Geology and Soils: The changes proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would not change conclusions related to geology and soils as the characteristic of underlying soils and geology has not changed. The 2017 OPSP Update would have no additional geology and soils impacts and no geology and soils impacts that would be more significant than identified the 2011 EIR. Some of the geology and soils impacts identified in the 2011 EIR would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update because the 2017 OPSP Update area does not include development on a landfill or development of the beach park. As under the 2011 EIR, the 2017 OPSP Update would reduce all significant geology and soils impacts to less than significant levels though mitigation that would minimize the potential for soil erosion (Geo-14), and ensure appropriate design and construction for development in a seismically active region (Geo-2a through Geo-4) and on a site that may require deep foundations (Geo-5a through Geo-6) and control measures for potential migration of landfill gas (Geo-7). DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE  Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions: The change in use proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would result in similar overall emission of GHGs though higher efficiency per service population than under the 2011 OPSP. Additionally, using updated traffic modeling and emissions modeling, GHG emissions would be below significance levels for both the 2017 OPSP Update and the 2011 OPSP – whereas the 2011 EIR identified a significant and unavoidable impact.  Hazardous Materials: The changes proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would not change conclusions related to hazardous materials. The 2017 OPSP Update would have no additional hazardous materials impacts and no hazardous materials impacts that would be more significant than identified the 2011 EIR. Some of the hazardous materials impacts identified in the 2011 EIR would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update because the 2017 OPSP Update does not include development on a landfill. As under the 2011 EIR, the 2017 OPSP Update would reduce all significant hazardous materials impacts to less than significant levels through mitigation that would ensure compliance with existing regulations, plans and programs (Haz-1a through Haz-1e and Haz-5) and prevent release of potentially hazardous building materials during demolition (Haz-3).  Hydrology and Water Quality: The changes proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would not change conclusions related to hydrology and water quality. Some of the hydrology and water quality impacts identified in the 2011 EIR would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update because the 2017 OPSP Update does not include development on a landfill. As under the 2011 EIR, the 2017 OPSP Update would reduce all significant hydrology and water quality impacts to less than significant levels though mitigation that would require appropriate storm water pollution prevention and erosion control (Hydro-2 and Hydro-3).  Noise: The change in use proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would not substantially change operational noise generated by OPSP development, which includes similar overall volumes of traffic and related traffic noise. However, the 2017 OPSP Update would add residents to the site, which are sensitive receptors in relation to noise and would be closer to noise sources than existing live-aboard boats previously assessed. Combined with the existing noise environment, the new sources of noise could result in significant impacts on sensitive receptors (where impacts in the 2011 EIR were determined to be less than significant) and would be reduced to less than significant levels through acoustical assessment of air handling equipment (HVAC units and parking garage ventilation fans) (Noise-1).  Traffic: The changes proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would result in almost the same daily and 2-way peak hour traffic as under the 2011 OPSP. However, because the directionality of traffic would change (with the 2011 OPSP generally following the employment base of the East of 101 are with inbound trips in the AM peak hour as employees arrive for work and outbound trips in the PM peak hour as employees leave the area to go home and the 2017 OPSP Update residential uses generally following the reverse pattern), specifics of traffic impacts between the 2011 OPSP and the 2017 OPSP Update have been revised, with some impacts being more significant under one and other impacts being more significant under the other. While it is difficult to weight the relative importance of each specific impact, it can be stated that changing some traffic to a different directionality than that predominant in the area would generally be considered beneficial from a traffic perspective. As with the 2011 OPSP, mitigation measures have been identified and where feasible would reduce many impacts to less than significant levels (Traf-2, Traf-3, Traf-7, Traf-8, Traf-9, Traf-13, Traf- 15, Traf-19, and Traf-20) and implementation of a Transportation Demand Management Plan would be required to reduce peak-hour trips (Traf-1). CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-5  Utilities: The change in use proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update results in some revisions to the specifics of utility demand but would not substantially change impacts or conclusions related to utilities. As under the 2011 OPSP, all utilities impacts under the 2017 OPSP Update would be reduced to less than significant with improvements to the wastewater system (Util-2a and Util-2b). For all other topics, there would be either no impacts or less than significant impacts only. ALTERNATIVES Three alternatives to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update were considered in detail in the alternatives analysis presented in Chapter 19 of this document, as discussed below. Alternative A: No Project/2011 OPSP. Update Alternative A is a “no project” alternative that assumes the 2017 OPSP Update is not approved and therefore that the 2011 OPSP would remain in place and development would occur according to the 2011 OPSP. The 2011 OPSP originally envisioned a total of 1,750,000 square feet of private office/R&D development across Phases II, III, and IV (the area subject to the 2017 OPSP Update), with approximately 500,000 to 700,000 square feet of development in each phase. As with the 2017 OPSP Update, the remainder of the OPSP would develop per the 2011 OPSP. Update Alternative B: Reduced Intensity (23% Reduction) Alternative. Update Alternative B would allow redevelopment of the same OPSP site but with a 23% reduction in residential and office/R&D development compared with the 2017 OPSP Update. Under this alternative, 823,900 square feet of office/R&D and 917 residential units would be developed on Phases II, III, and IV. As with the 2017 OPSP Update, the remainder of the OPSP would develop per the 2011 OPSP. Update Alternative C: Reduced Intensity (35% Reduction) Alternative. Update Alternative C would allow redevelopment of the same OPSP site but with a 35% reduction in residential and office/R&D development compared with the 2017 OPSP Update. Under this alternative, 695,500 square feet of office/R&D and 774 residential units would be developed on Phases II, III, and IV. As with the 2017 OPSP Update, the remainder of the OPSP would develop per the 2011 OPSP. Alternatives Conclusion Update Alternative A, the No Project/2011 OPSP Alternative, assumes the 2017 OPSP Update is not approved and the 2011 OPSP is developed. With the same development footprint, similar construction activities, and almost the same daily and 2-way peak traffic volumes as under the 2017 OPSP Update, many of the impacts would be the same or similar under Update Alternative A. While Update Alternative A would not introduce new residents to the area, emission and noise impacts to existing sensitive receptors on live-aboard boats would still have substantially the same potential to occur. While overall traffic volumes would be very similar, the directionality of peak traffic would increase between the 2017 OPSP Update and Update Alternative A and the specifics of impacts would be different with some impacts being more significant under one and other impacts being more significant under the other. While it is difficult to weight the importance of each specific impact, it can be stated that not changing some traffic to a different directionality than that predominant in the area would generally be considered detrimental from a traffic perspective, and therefore Update Alternative A would be considered to have marginally worse traffic impacts. Update Alternative A would have substantially the same impacts, with marginally more severe traffic impacts than the 2017 OPSP Update and therefore would not be the environmentally superior alternative. The other two alternatives, Update Alternatives B and C, would reduce the amount of development on the site, resulting in roughly 23% or 35% less development and proportionally less traffic and emissions than would have been generated under the 2017 OPSP Update, respectively. Focusing on impacts that cannot be reduced below significance levels through implementation of identified mitigation, both Update Alternatives B and C would avoid one significant and unavoidable impact DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE related to the project contribution to impacted freeway mainline operation. Additionally, Update Alternative C would also avoid one significant and unavoidable impact related to the project’s contribution to impacted intersection operation at Forbes Boulevard and Gull Road. No other significant and unavoidable impacts would be avoided or substantially changed by these alternatives. Because Update Alternatives B and C both avoid at least one significant and unavoidable impact, these alternatives would both be considered environmentally superior to the 2017 OPSP Update. With an additional significant and unavoidable impact avoided, Update Alternative C would be environmentally superior to both the 2017 OPSP Update and all other alternatives. However, both of the significant and unavoidable impacts that are avoided by Update Alternatives B and/or C occur at locations that would operate at unacceptable levels even without addition of any traffic from the OPSP area. The reduction in traffic from the 2017 OPSP Update area would only reduce the contribution from the OPSP area below the significance level of 1% for the freeway mainline and 2% for the local intersection and would not result in the freeway mainline or that intersection operating within acceptable levels. While Update Alternatives B and C would meet all project objectives, many of these would be met to a lesser degree than under the 2017 OPSP Update. This analysis considers Update Alternatives B and C to be potentially feasible, though an economic feasibility study would need to be completed to confirm economic feasibility. CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-7 Table 2.1: Summary of Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Aesthetics Impact Vis-1: Scenic Vista. Many prominent visual landmarks, such as the San Bruno Mountains, the San Francisco Bay, Sign Hill, and Wind Harp, are visible from properties in the East of 101 Area in South San Francisco, including along the Bay Trail. CEQA generally protects against significant adverse impacts to public views of such scenic vistas, taking into consideration the environmental context i.e., whether the view is from a recreation area or scenic expanse, as opposed from a developed urban area. Here, the Project will not significantly impact public views of a scenic vista from a recreation area or scenic expanse. Further, given the OPSP’s urban setting, a less-than-significant impact would result on scenic vistas with no mitigation warranted. No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS Impact Vis-2: Light and Glare. The many windows and outdoor lights associated with increased development intensity within the OPSP area could potentially be substantial sources of nighttime light and daytime glare. This impact is potentially significant. Vis-2a: Lighting Plan. In order to reduce sources of light and glare created by lighting within the OPSP area, the applicant shall specify fixtures and lighting that maintains appropriate levels of light at building entries, walkways, courtyards, parking lots and private roads at night consistent with minimum levels detailed in the City’s building codes. These fixtures shall be designed to eliminate spillover, high intensity, and unshielded lighting, thereby avoiding unnecessary light pollution. Same Same LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Prior to issuance of building permits for each phase of construction within the OPSP, the applicant shall submit a Lighting Design Plan for review and approval by the City of South San Francisco Planning Department. The plan shall include, but not necessarily be limited to the following: • The Lighting Design Plan shall disclose all potential light sources with the types of lighting and their locations. • Typical lighting shall include low mounted, downward casting and shielded lights that do not cause spillover onto adjacent properties and the utilization of motion detection systems where applicable. • No flood lights shall be utilized. • Lighting shall be limited to the areas that would be in operation during nighttime hours. • Low intensity, indirect light sources shall be encouraged. • On-demand lighting systems shall be encouraged. • Mercury, sodium vapor, and similar intense and bright lights shall not be permitted except where their need is specifically approved and their source of light is restricted. • Generally, light fixtures shall not be located at the periphery of the property and should shut off CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-9 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance automatically when the use is not operating. Security lighting visible from the highway shall be motion- sensor activated. • Use “cut-off” fixtures designed to prevent the upward cast of light and avoid unnecessary light pollution where appropriate. • All lighting shall be installed in accordance with the building codes and the approved lighting plan during construction. Vis-2b: Glare Reduction. In order to reduce sources of daytime glare created by reflective building materials, the applicant shall specify exterior building materials for all proposed structures constructed for the Phase I Project and each subsequent phase of development under the OPSP that include the use of textured or other non-reflective exterior surfaces and non-reflective glass types, including double glazed and non-reflective vision glass. These materials shall be chosen for their non-reflective characteristics and their ability to reduce daytime glare. All exterior glass must meet the specifications of all applicable codes for non-reflective glass and would therefore reduce daytime glare emanating from the OPSP area. Air Quality Impact Air-1: Conflict with Clean Air Plan Assumptions. Development anticipated as a result of the OPSP Mitigation Measure Traf-1 (included with Impact Traf-1) would reduce impact Air-1 by requiring Revised Impact Air-1: Conflict with the Clean Air Plan Assumptions. Development anticipated as a result Same SU revised to LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-10 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance would increase employment in an area designed for employment centers served by local and regional transit. However, city-wide, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) was projected to increase at a faster rate than the city’s population, which conflicts with CAP assumptions. This is a significant impact. implementation of a TDM Plan to reduce trips and VMT. However, the TDM Plan would not likely reduce the number of trips and VMT to an amount that would be assumed under the existing General Plan designation for the site. Thus, this impact would be considered significant and unavoidable. of the OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update, would increase employment and residential uses in an area designed for employment centers served by local and regional transit. However, city-wide, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) was projected to increase at a faster rate than the city’s population, which development could conflicts with the Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan CAP assumptions if transportation control measures are not implemented with development projects. This impact is a less-than- significant impact with mitigation. Impact Air-2: Possible Exposure of Sensitive Receptors to TACs and PM2.5. Development anticipated under the OPSP may expose sensitive receptors to TACs and PM2.5 through development of new non-residential development that may be sources of TACs and PM2.5 and the potential for development of ancillary uses, such as daycare facilities, that would bring sensitive users to the site. Such exposure would represent a potentially significant impact. Air-2: Health Risk Assessment for Proposed Sensitive Receptors. New projects within the OPSP area that would include sensitive receptors (e.g., daycare centers) shall analyze TAC and PM2.5 impacts and include mitigation measures to reduce exposures to less than significant levels. The following measures could be utilized in site planning and building designs to reduce TAC exposure: • New development of sensitive receptors located within OPSP area shall require site specific analysis to determine the level of TAC and PM2.5 exposure. This analysis shall be conducted following procedures outlined by BAAQMD. If the site specific analysis reveal significant exposures, based on BAAQMD guidance, then additional measures listed below shall be required. New Impact Air-2b: 2017 OPSP Update Operational Health Risks. Increases in traffic and related emissions, relative to existing conditions, and emissions from emergency generators would contribute to health risks to sensitive uses, including the proposed on-site residents. However, an analysis of health risk determined the risk in the 2017 OPSP Update area would be below applicable thresholds. Additionally, new residents would not be located in an area potentially impacted by accidental release of acutely hazardous air pollutants. The impact related to the 2017 OPSP Update operational health risks would be less-than-significant. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-11 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance • Where exterior exposures are significant, consider site planning to buffer new sensitive receptors from TAC emissions. Active site uses and building air intakes shall be situated away from TAC sources • Provide tiered plantings of vegetation along the site boundaries closest to TAC sources. Preliminary laboratory studies show that redwood and/or deodar cedar trees can remove some of the fine particulate matter emitted from traffic under low wind speeds. Low wind speeds typically result in the highest particulate matter concentrations. Impact Air-3: Possible Exposure of Sensitive Receptors to Operational Odors. Development anticipated under the OPSP may expose sensitive receptors to odors through development of new non-residential development that may be sources of odors near sensitive receptors. Such exposure would represent a less-than- significant impact. No mitigation warranted. Revised Impact Air-3: Possible Exposure of Sensitive Receptors to Operational Odors. Development anticipated under the OPSP may expose sensitive receptors to odors through development of new residential and non-residential development that may be sources of odors near sensitive receptors. Such exposure would represent a less- than-significant impact. No mitigation warranted. LTS Impact Air-4: Construction Period Dust, Emissions and Odors. Construction of development projects under the OPSP would result in temporary emissions of dust, diesel exhaust and odors that may result in both nuisance and health impacts. Without appropriate measures to control these emissions, these impacts would be considered significant. Air-4a: Implement BAAQMD- Recommended Measures to Control Particulate Matter Emissions during Construction. Measures to reduce diesel particulate matter and PM10 from construction are recommended to ensure that short-term health impacts to nearby sensitive receptors are avoided. Dust (PM10) Control Measures: Same Same Mitigation Measure Air-4a. Mitigation Measure Air-4b is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update area. New Mitigation Measure Air-4c: Construction Equipment Standards and Construction Emissions Minimization Plan. All off-road construction equipment greater than 25 horsepower shall have engines LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-12 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance • Water all active construction areas at least twice daily and more often during windy periods. Active areas adjacent to residences should be kept damp at all times. • Cover all hauling trucks or maintain at least two feet of freeboard. • Pave, apply water at least twice daily, or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers on all unpaved access roads, parking areas, and staging areas. • Sweep daily (with water sweepers) all paved access roads, parking areas, and staging areas and sweep streets daily (with water sweepers) if visible soil material is deposited onto the adjacent roads. • Hydroseed or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers to inactive construction areas (i.e., previously- graded areas that are inactive for 10 days or more). • Enclose, cover, water twice daily, or apply (non-toxic) soil binders to exposed stockpiles. • Limit traffic speeds on any unpaved roads to 15 mph. • Replant vegetation in disturbed areas as quickly as possible. • Suspend construction activities that cause visible dust plumes to extend beyond the construction site. • Post a publically visible sign(s) with the telephone number and person to contact at the Lead that meet or exceed either U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) or California Air Resources Board (ARB) Tier 4 Final off-road emission standards. If a particular piece of off-road equipment that meets these standards is technically not feasible; the equipment would not produce desired emissions reduction due to expected operating modes; installation of the equipment would create a safety hazard or impaired visibility for the operator; or, there is a compelling emergency need to use off-road equipment that does not meet these standards, the Contractor shall use the next cleanest piece of off-road equipment (i.e., Tier 3 Engine with Level 3 Verified Diesel Emission Control Strategy (VDECS), Tier 3 Engine with Level 2 VDECS, Tier 3 Engine with alternative fuel), and the Contactor shall develop a Construction Emissions Minimization Plan (CEMP) to describe the process used to identify the next cleanest piece of off-road equipment and the steps that will be taken to reduce emissions of criteria air pollutants to the greatest extent practicable. The CEMP shall be submitted the City’s Planning Department for review and approval prior to using the equipment. CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-13 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Agency regarding dust complaints. This person shall respond and take corrective action within 48 hours. The Air District’s phone number shall also be visible to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. Additional Measures to Reduce Diesel Particulate Matter and PM2.5 and other construction emissions: • The developer or contractor shall provide a plan for approval by the City or BAAQMD demonstrating that the heavy-duty (>50 horsepower) off-road vehicles to be used in the construction project, including owned, leased and subcontractor vehicles, will achieve a project wide fleet- average 20 percent NOx reduction and 45 percent particulate reduction compared to the most recent CARB fleet average for the year 2011 • Clear signage at all construction sites will be posted indicating that diesel equipment standing idle for more than five minutes shall be turned off. This would include trucks waiting to deliver or receive soil, aggregate, or other bulk materials. Rotating drum concrete trucks could keep their engines running continuously as long as they were onsite or adjacent to the construction site. • Opacity is an indicator of exhaust particulate emissions from off-road diesel powered equipment. Each DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-14 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance project shall ensure that emissions from all construction diesel powered equipment used on the project site do not exceed 40 percent opacity for more than three minutes in any one hour. Any equipment found to exceed 40 percent opacity (or Ringelmann 2.0) shall be repaired immediately • The contractor shall install temporary electrical service whenever possible to avoid the need for independently powered equipment (e.g. compressors). • Properly tune and maintain equipment for low emissions. Air-4b: Implement Odor-Control Measures During Refuse Relocation. The following measures shall be implemented during disturbance of the landfill for refuse relocation: • All areas shall remain under foundation layer cover until localized refuse relocation occurs. • Limit the horizontal area of opened foundation layer to at most an acre of horizontal area at any one time per area (an acre for the area being excavated and an acre for the area where trash is being relocated). • Excavation and fill zones shall be covered at the end of each day, either with secured tarping or with the foundation layer of soil. • Additional measures for odor control such as a foam cover or scented misters in active areas and/or covering of the materials in CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-15 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance the haul trucks may be considered and implemented based upon actual field conditions. • Post a publically visible sign(s) with a 24-hour contact number for odor complaints. The Air District’s phone number shall also be visible to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. Concerns/complaints related to odor from the work will be evaluated and protocol measures will be amended as necessary. • If 10 or more complaints are logged with BAAQMD within a 90-day period, BAAQMD will have regulatory authority that supersedes this mitigation measure consistent with BAAQMD Regulation 7. Impact Air-5: Operational Air Quality Impacts. Operation under the OPSP would result in permanent emissions of ozone precursor pollutants and particulate matter. These impacts would be considered less-than- significant. No mitigation warranted. Revised Impact Air-5: Operational Air Quality Impacts. Operation under the OPSP would result in permanent emissions of ozone precursor pollutants and particulate matter, including emissions of reactive organic gasses (ROG) above threshold levels, which would. These impacts would be considered a less-than-significant impact. New Mitigation Measure Air-5: Emissions Offset Fee or Ultra-Low VOC. One of the following measures a), b) or c) shall be implemented. a) Prior to occupancy of the final buildings at full buildout of the Project, the Project Applicant or its designee shall pay a one-time mitigation offset fee to the BAAQMD Bay Area Clean Air Foundation (Foundation) in an amount to be determined at the time of the impact. This fee will be determined by the Planning Division in consultation with the Project Applicant and BAAQMD and based on the type of projects available at the time of impact. LTS revised to LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-16 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance This fee is intended to fund emissions reduction projects to achieve reductions of 0.9 tons per year of ozone precursors, the estimated tonnage of operational- related ROG emissions offsets required to reduce the ROG average daily and annual operational emissions below the BAAQMD significance thresholds of 54 pounds per day and 10 tons per year, respectively if full buildout of the OPSP occurs. To qualify under this mitigation measure, the specific emissions reduction project must result in emission reductions within the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin that are real, surplus, quantifiable, enforceable, and would not otherwise be achieved through compliance with existing regulatory requirements or any other legal requirement. OR b) Instead of payment of an offset fee outlined above, the impact could be reduced through a reduction in area emissions of ROG resulting from use of paint at the site. Instead of payment of an offset fee, the applicant could alternatively require use of zero- or ultra-low VOC paints with a VOC content of less than 45 grams per liter at the site. This requirement shall apply to all use of paint in the 2017 OPSP CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-17 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Update area, including both exterior paint and interior paint for both areas maintained by building management and areas under private ownership or use. If chosen instead of payment of an offset fee outlined above, this requirement shall be part of all lease or property sale agreements in the 2017 OPSP Update area and shall be enforced through building management and/or home owners associations. OR c) If the State or BAAQMD enact regulations that require zero- or ultra-low VOC paints with a VOC content of less than 45 grams per liter to be used exclusively at the site by the time the final phase of 2017 OPSP Update area development is operational, the mitigation offset fee or additional lease or sale agreement constraints outlined above will not be required. Biological Resources Impact Bio-1: Loss of Common Terrestrial Habitats. Development of the OPSP would result in the modification or loss of Developed and Landscaped areas, California Annual Grassland/Coyote Brush Scrub, Ornamental Woodland Habitats and Non-Jurisdictional Armored Rock Levee Slope Habitats. However, none of these habitats represent particularly sensitive, valuable (from the No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-18 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance perspective of providing important wildlife habitat), or exemplary occurrences of these habitat types. Therefore, impacts to these habitats, and the loss of potential nesting, roosting, and foraging opportunities associated with such habitats, are considered a less-than-significant impact. Impact Bio-2: Disturbance or Loss of Wetland or Aquatic Habitats. Development of the OPSP would result in the disturbance or loss of Northern Coastal Salt Marsh, Open Water and Jurisdictional Armored Rock Levee Slope Habitats. Due to the ecological importance of wetland and aquatic habitats, such impacts would be potentially significant. Bio-2a: Delineate Jurisdictional Boundaries. Prior to construction of any programmatic OPSP elements that are expected to potentially have direct impacts on USACE jurisdictional habitats, a focused delineation shall be performed to determine the precise limits of USACE jurisdiction at the site, and USACE approval of the jurisdictional boundaries will be obtained. Bio- 2b: Impact Avoidance/Minimization. Future OPSP elements near the Bay shoreline shall be designed with consideration of the boundaries of sensitive wetland and aquatic habitats in order to avoid and minimize impacts to these sensitive habitats to the extent practicable while still accomplishing OPSP objectives. For example, building and trail construction, landscaping activities, and other terrestrial activities shall be planned and designed to avoid impacting the sensitive habitats near the Bay shoreline to the extent feasible. For activities that cannot avoid impacting sensitive habitats due to their water-related purpose or location, such as construction or Same Same Mitigation Measure Bio-2b. Mitigation Measures Bio-2a, Bio-2c, and Bio-2d are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-19 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance replacement of piers or docks in the marina, the amount of new fill or the footprint of new structures placed in or on the water shall be limited to the minimum necessary to achieve the objectives of that component. The City shall review plans for any proposed activities that will result in impacts to sensitive wetland and aquatic habitats to ensure that impacts have been avoided and minimized to the extent feasible. Bio-2c: Restoration of Temporarily Impacted Wetland/Aquatic Habitats. USACE-jurisdictional areas that are temporarily impacted during construction of programmatic elements shall be restored to preexisting contours and levels of soils compaction following build-out. The means by which such temporarily impacted areas will be restored shall be described in the mitigation plan described in Measure 2d below. Bio-2d: Compensation for Permanently Impacted Wetland/Aquatic Habitats. Unavoidable permanent fill of all habitats within USACE jurisdiction shall be replaced at a minimum 1:1 (mitigation area: impact area) ratio by creation or restoration of similar habitat around San Francisco Bay. Any aquatic, marsh, or mudflat habitat areas experiencing a net increase in shading as a result of docks or other structures constructed over or on the water shall require DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-20 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance compensatory mitigation at a 0.5:1 (mitigation area: impact area) ratio; this ratio is less than the 1:1 required for permanent filling of such habitats because shaded areas are expected to retain some ecological habitat value. Mitigation could be achieved through a combination of on-site restoration or creation of wetlands or aquatic habitats (including removal of on-site fill or structures, resulting in a gain of wetland or aquatic habitats); off- site restoration/creation; funding of off-site restoration/creation projects implemented by others; and/or mitigation credits purchased at mitigation banks within the San Francisco Bay Region. Because impacts to aquatic habitats on-site could also potentially impact special- status fish and EFH (see Impacts to Essential Fish Habitat and Special- Status Fish below), all compensatory mitigation for impacts to aquatic habitat must also provide habitat for green sturgeon, Central California Coast steelhead, and longfin smelt that is of a quality at least as high as that impacted. For funding of off-site improvements or purchase of mitigation bank credits, the OPSP Applicant shall provide written evidence to the City that either (a) compensation has been established through the purchase of a sufficient number of mitigation credits in a mitigation bank to satisfy the mitigation acreage requirements of the OPSP activity, or (b) funds sufficient for the restoration of the CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-21 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance mitigation acreage requirements of the OPSP activity have been paid to an entity implementing a project that would create or restore habitats of the type being impacted by the OPSP. For areas to be restored to mitigate for temporary or permanent impacts, the OPSP Applicant shall prepare and implement a mitigation plan. The OPSP Applicant shall retain a restoration ecologist or wetland biologist to develop the mitigation plan, and it shall contain the following components (or as otherwise modified by regulatory agency permitting conditions): 1. Summary of habitat impacts and proposed mitigation ratios, along with a description of any other mitigation strategies used to achieve the overall mitigation ratios, such as funding of off-site improvements and/or purchase of mitigation bank credits 2. Goal of the restoration to achieve no net loss of habitat functions and values 3. Location of mitigation site(s) and description of existing site conditions 4. Mitigation design: • Existing and proposed site hydrology • Grading plan if appropriate, including bank stabilization or other site stabilization features • Soil amendments and other site preparation elements as appropriate DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-22 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance • Planting plan • Irrigation and maintenance plan • Remedial measures/adaptive management, etc. 5. Monitoring plan (including final and performance criteria, monitoring methods, data analysis, reporting requirements, monitoring schedule, etc.) 6. Contingency plan for mitigation elements that do not meet performance or final success criteria. Impact Bio-3: Construction-Period Increases in Turbidity. Sediment may wash from construction areas into adjacent aquatic habitats, or soil loosened by grading could slide downslope into such areas. Increases in turbidity resulting from construction constitutes a potentially significant impact to aquatic wildlife species, including special-status fish species such as steelhead and sensitive native species such as the Olympia oyster. Water quality degradation could also negatively impact eelgrass beds if they occur in the OPSP area. Due to the ecological importance of these aquatic habitats and sensitive resources, such impacts would be potentially significant. Bio-3a: Incorporate Best Management Practices for Water Quality During Construction. The Plan shall incorporate Best Management Practices (BMPs) for water quality to minimize impacts in the surrounding wetland environment, sloughs and channels, and the San Francisco Bay during construction. These BMPs shall include numerous practices that will be outlined within the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), including, but not limited to, the following mitigation measures: 1. No equipment will be operated in live flow in any of the sloughs or channels or ditches on or adjacent to the site. 2. No debris, soil, silt, sand, bark, slash, sawdust, cement, concrete, washings, petroleum products or other organic or earthen material shall be allowed to enter into or be placed where it may be washed by rainfall or runoff into aquatic Same Same LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-23 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance or wetland habitat. 3. Standard erosion control and slope stabilization measures will be required for work performed in any area where erosion could lead to sedimentation of a waterbody. For example, silt fencing will be installed just outside the limits of grading and construction in any areas where such activities will occur upslope from, and within 50 ft of, any wetland, aquatic, or marsh habitat. This silt fencing will be inspected and maintained regularly throughout the duration of construction. 4. Machinery will be refueled at least 50 ft from any aquatic habitat, and a spill prevention and response plan will be developed. All workers will be informed of the importance of preventing spills and of the appropriate measures to take should a spill occur. Bio-3b: Minimize Soil Disturbance Adjacent to Wetland and Marsh Habitat. To the extent feasible, soil stockpiling, equipment staging, construction access roads, and other intensively soil-disturbing activities shall not occur immediately adjacent to any wetlands that are to be avoided by the OPSP. The limits of the construction area shall be clearly demarcated with Environmentally Sensitive Area fencing to avoid inadvertent disturbance outside the fence during construction activities. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-24 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Impact Bio-4: Operational Stormwater Impacts on Wetlands and a Tidal Channel. Installation of stormwater outfalls from the buildings to be constructed in the southwestern part of the site shall outfall into vegetated swales that are to be constructed just upslope from the wetlands and tidal channel that form the southwestern boundary of the site. If these swales are not adequately constructed, there is some potential for excessive erosion or the release of untreated runoff into these wetlands and tidal waters. Due to the value of wetland habitats to the ecology of the Bay’s aquatic habitats and the value of these aquatic habitats to a variety of fish, benthic organisms, and other species, degradation of water quality or wetlands would be a potentially significant impact. Bio-4: Ensure Adequate Stormwater Run-off Capacity. Increases in stormwater run-off due to increased hardscape shall be mitigated through the construction and maintenance of features designed to handle the expected increases in flows and provide adequate energy dissipation. All such features, including outfalls, shall be regularly maintained to ensure continued function and prevent failure following construction. Same Same LTS with MM Impact Bio-5: Loss of Habitat for Non-breeding Special-Status Wildlife Species. Several terrestrial special- status species may use the OPSP area as transients or migrants, or may occur in very low numbers, but are not expected to breed at the site or to be present in any numbers. These species include the American peregrine falcon, black skimmer, harlequin duck, northern harrier, Vaux’s swift, yellow warbler, tricolored blackbird, white-tailed kite and loggerhead shrike. There would be no substantial loss of foraging or non-breeding habitat for any of these species, as the OPSP footprint No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-25 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance primarily includes already developed and/or heavily impacted areas. Therefore, the impact on non- Breeding Special-Status Wildlife Species would be less-than- significant. Impact Bio-6: Disturbance of Special- Status Nesting Birds. Construction- related noise and activity could disturb or displace special-status breeding birds. The number of nesting individuals that could be disturbed is very small, and the OPSP’s impacts would not substantially reduce regional populations of special-status bird species, and thus these impacts do not meet the CEQA standard of having a substantial adverse effect on these species. However, the loss of any active nests of protected birds would be in violation of federal and state laws, thus this impact would be considered potentially significant. Bio-6: Pre-Construction Nesting Bird Survey. Pre-construction surveys for nesting birds protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 and/or Fish and Game Code of California within 100 feet of a development site in the OPSP area shall be conducted if construction commences during the avian nesting season, between February 1 and August 31. The survey should be undertaken no more than 15 days prior to any site-disturbing activities, including vegetation removal or grading. If active nests are found, a qualified biologist shall determine an appropriate buffer in consideration of species, stage of nesting, location of the nest, and type of construction activity. The buffers should be maintained until after the nestlings have fledged and left the nest. Same Same LTS with MM Impact Bio-7: Construction-Period Disturbance of Burrowing Owls. Burrowing owls could potentially burrow in grassland habitats and/or use crevices in shoreline riprap as temporary refugia. Due to the marginal nature of habitat on the site, and the current lack of suitable breeding sites in the form of ground squirrel burrows, the OPSP will not result in a significant loss of burrowing owl habitat. Nevertheless, Bio-7a: Pre-construction Burrowing Owl Surveys. Pre-construction surveys for burrowing owls shall be completed in potential habitat in conformance with the California Burrowing Owl Consortium protocol, no more than 30 days prior to the start of construction. If no burrowing owls are located during these surveys, no additional action would be warranted. However, if burrowing owls are located on or immediately Impact Bio-7 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measures Bio-7a, Bio-7b, and Bio-7c are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. The 2017 OPSP Update area impact is LTS with no mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-26 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance any loss of burrowing owls or fertile eggs, any activities resulting in nest abandonment, or the destruction of occupied burrowing owl burrows would constitute a potentially significant impact under CEQA due to the regional rarity of the species and declining nature of its populations. adjacent to the site, mitigation measures Bio-7b and Bio-7c shall be implemented. Bio-7b: Buffer Zones. For burrowing owls present during the non-breeding season (generally 1 September to 31 January), a 150-ft buffer zone shall be maintained around the occupied burrow(s) if practicable. If such a buffer is not practicable, then a buffer adequate to avoid injury or mortality of owls shall be maintained, or the birds shall be evicted as described for Mitigation Measures Bio-7c, below. During the breeding season (generally 1 February to 31 August), a 250-ft buffer, within which no new activity shall be permissible, shall be maintained between OPSP activities and occupied burrows. Owls present on site after 1 February shall be assumed to be nesting unless evidence indicates otherwise. This protected buffer area shall remain in effect until 31 August, or based upon monitoring evidence, until the young owls are foraging independently or the nest is no longer active. Bio-7c: Passive Relocation. If construction will directly impact occupied burrows, eviction of owls should occur outside the nesting season to prevent injury or mortality of individual owls. No burrowing owls shall be evicted from burrows during the nesting season (1 February through 31 August) unless evidence indicates that nesting is not actively CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-27 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance occurring (e.g., because the owls have not yet begun nesting early in the season, or because young have already fledged late in the season). Relocation of owls during the non- breeding season shall be performed by a qualified biologist using one- way doors, which should be installed in all burrows within the impact area and left in place for at least two nights. These one-way doors shall then be removed and the burrows backfilled immediately prior to the initiation of grading. Impact Bio-8: Increased Recreational Disturbance on Wildlife. Recreational demand in the Oyster Point area is expected to increase with the development of the OPSP and such increased use could potentially subject biological resources (both within and outside the OPSP area, such as waterbirds using the edge of San Francisco Bay) to greater disturbance by people walking and biking. However, because there is already a substantial amount of human activity at Oyster Point, the area is already largely habituated to high levels of human activity. Increased use of trails or other areas that are already fairly heavily used by people is thus not expected to reduce the use of such areas by wildlife. Therefore, an increase in recreational users of the Bay Trail and other areas adjacent to wildlife habitat resulting from construction of the OPSP would have a less-than-significant impact on wildlife in these areas. No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-28 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Impact Bio-9: Increased Lighting Impacts on Wildlife. Lighting in and adjacent to more natural areas on the OPSP area, especially the shoreline along San Francisco Bay, is expected to increase as a result of the OPSP. Artificial lighting has been demonstrated to cause changes in the physiology and behavior of certain animals. However, the OPSP area is already subjected to substantial amounts of artificial night lighting, including night lighting from roads, parking lots, and buildings. As a result, any wildlife currently using the site is habituated to the lighting present within this urban area. The OPSP incorporates guidelines for the design of lighting to minimize light pollution in areas other than those intended to be lit. Therefore, impacts from increased lighting levels on wildlife will be less-than-significant. No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS Impact Bio-10: Increased Potential for Bird Strikes. Relative to the height of the existing structures, several of the OPSP’s proposed buildings will project higher, creating new, somewhat larger obstacles along the flight path of migrating and foraging birds. Therefore, the OPSP could result in the creation of a new strike hazard for migrating. Although large- scale injury or mortality of birds due to collisions with buildings is not anticipated, because of the potential for such mortality to occur, the OPSP is considered to have a potentially significant impact to migratory birds. Bio-10a: Lighting Measures to Reduce Impacts to Birds. During design of any building greater than 100 feet tall, the OPSP Applicant shall consult with a qualified biologist experienced with bird strikes and building/lighting design issues to identify lighting-related measures to minimize the effects of the building’s lighting on birds. Such measures, which may include the following and/or other measures, shall be incorporated into the building’s design and operation. • Use strobe or flashing lights in place of continuously burning lights for obstruction lighting. Use Same Revised Bio-10a: Lighting Measures to Reduce Impacts to Birds. During design of any building greater than 100 feet tall, the OPSP Applicant shall consult with a qualified biologist experienced with bird strikes and building/lighting design issues to identify lighting-related measures to minimize the effects of the building’s lighting on birds. Such measures, which may include the following and/or other measures, shall be incorporated into the building’s design and operation. • Use strobe or flashing lights in place of continuously burning lights for obstruction lighting. LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-29 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance flashing white lights rather than continuous light, red light, or rotating beams. • Install shields onto light sources not necessary for air traffic to direct light towards the ground. • Extinguish all exterior lighting (i.e., rooftop floods, perimeter spots) not required for public safety. • When interior or exterior lights must be left on at night, the operator of the buildings shall examine and adopt alternatives to bright, all-night, floor-wide lighting, which may include: • Installing motion-sensitive lighting. • Using desk lamps and task lighting. • Reprogramming timers. • Use of lower-intensity lighting. • Windows or window treatments that reduce transmission of light out of the building shall be implemented to the extent feasible. Bio-10b: Building Design Measures to Minimize Bird Strike Risk. During design of any building greater than 100 feet tall, the OPSP Applicant shall consult with a qualified biologist experienced with bird strikes and building/lighting design issues to identify measures related to the external appearance of the building to minimize the risk of bird Use flashing white lights rather than continuous light, red light, or rotating beams • Install shields onto light sources not necessary for air traffic to direct light towards the ground. • Extinguish all exterior lighting (i.e., rooftop floods, perimeter spots) not required for public safety. • When interior or exterior lights must be left on at night, the operator of the buildings shall examine and adopt alternatives to bright, all-night, floor-wide lighting, which may include: o Installing motion-sensitive lighting. o Using desk lamps and task lighting. o Reprogramming timers. o Use of lower-intensity lighting. • Windows or window treatments that reduce transmission of light out of the building shall be implemented to the extent feasible. Revised Bio-10b: Building Design Measures to Minimize Bird Strike Risk. During design of any building greater than 100 feet tall, the OPSP Applicant shall consult with a qualified biologist experienced with bird strikes and building/lighting design issues to identify measures related to the external appearance of the building to minimize the risk of bird strikes. Such measures, which may include the following and/or DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-30 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance strikes. Such measures, which may include the following and/or other measures, shall be incorporated into the building’s design. • Use non-reflective tinted glass. • Use window films to make windows visible to birds from the outside. • Use external surfaces/designs that “break up” reflective surfaces rather than having large, uninterrupted areas of surfaces that reflect, and thus may not appear noticeably different (to a bird) from, the sky. other measures, shall be incorporated into the building’s design. • Minimize the extent of glazing. • Use low-reflective glass. • Use window films, mullions, blinds, or other internal or external features to “break up” reflective surfaces rather than having large, uninterrupted areas of surfaces that reflect, and thus may not appear noticeably different (to a bird) from, vegetation or the sky. • Use non-reflective tinted glass. • Use window films to make windows visible to birds from the outside. • Use external surfaces/designs that “break up” reflective surfaces rather than having large, uninterrupted areas of surfaces that reflect, and thus may not appear noticeably different (to a bird) from, the sky. Impact Bio-11: Protected Tree Removal. One or more mature blue gum trees within the ornamental woodland habitat may satisfy size requirements for a “protected tree” under the City of South San Francisco’s Tree Protection Ordinance. Trees are considered protected if they are 48 inches or more at 54 inches above the natural grade. These trees, while providing some wildlife habitat, are non-native invasive trees that severely degrade natural habitats. Eucalyptus species No mitigation warranted. Impact Bio-11 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Bio-11 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS revised to NI CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-31 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance outcompete native species and produce leaf litter that reduces the diversity and cover, and can alter fire regimes within the associated woodland understory. If any of these trees are found to be of sufficient size to be considered protected under the City’s ordinance, a permit will be required for their removal. However, due to the low habitat functions and values provided by these trees, their loss, and the loss of potential nesting, roosting, and foraging opportunities associated with them, this is considered a less-than-significant impact. Impact Bio-12: In-Water Construction Impacts on Essential Fish Habitat. Special-status fish species that occur in the OPSP vicinity and could potentially be impacted by in-water construction activities are the southern green sturgeon, the Central California Coast steelhead, and the longfin smelt. Habitat for occasional dispersing individuals of all three species is similarly located in open waters and estuarine habitats of the San Francisco Bay along the boundaries of the OPSP area. This is a potentially significant impact. Bio-12: Measures to Reduce Impacts on Essential Fish Habitat. The following mitigation measures, adapted from Amendment 11 of the West Coast Groundfish Plan (PFMC 2006) and Appendix A of the Pacific Coast Salmon Plan (PFMC 2003), shall be implemented during in-water construction activities unless modified by the federal permitting agencies (NMFS or USACE). Avoidance of Salmonid Migration Periods. In-water work when juvenile salmonids are moving through the Bay on the way to the open ocean or when groundfish and prey species could be directly impacted shall be avoided. Because steelhead are potentially present, the allowed dredge window for this area of the San Francisco Bay is June 1 through November 30. All in-water construction shall occur during this window. If completion of in-water Impact Bio-12 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Bio-12 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to NI DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-32 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance work within this period is not feasible due to scheduling issues, new timing guidelines shall be established and submitted to the NMFS and CDFG for review and approval. Worker Training. Personnel involved in in-water construction and deconstruction activities shall be trained by a qualified biologist in the importance of the marine environment to special-status fish, and birds and the environmental protection measures put in place to prevent impacts to these species, their habitats, and EFH. The training shall include, at a minimum, the following: 1. A review of the special-status fish and sensitive habitats that could be found in work areas 2. Measures to avoid and minimize adverse effects to special-status fish, birds, their habitats, and EFH 3. A review of all conditions and requirements of environmental permits, reports, and plans (i.e., USACE permits) Avoidance of Areas of Wetland and Aquatic Vegetation. All construction equipment used in conjunction with in-water work (pipelines, barges, cranes, etc.) shall avoid wetlands, marshes, and areas of sub-aquatic vegetation (including eelgrass beds). Mitigation Measure Bio-3a would also reduce impact Bio-12 through implementation of Best Management CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-33 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Practices for water quality during construction. Impact Bio-13: Percussive In-Water Construction Noise and Special- Status Fish. If in-water construction is undertaken and includes jackhammering, pile-driving or other in-water percussive activities, pressure waves could cause negative behavioral, psychological and physiological effects that could disturb, injure or kill special-status fish or marine mammals. Due to the number of fish that could be present near in-water construction areas, the potential presence of special-status fish, and the sensitivity of marine mammals such as harbor seals and California sea lions, such impacts are potentially significant. Bio-13a: Incorporation of Design Considerations that Minimize the Need for Percussive Construction Techniques. If programmatic OPSP elements after the Phase I Project include in-water construction of structures that require percussive techniques, structure design shall adhere to the following principles to the greatest extent practicable: 1. Engineer structures to use fewer or smaller piles, where feasible, and preferably, solid piles 2. Design structures that can be installed in a short period of time (i.e., during periods of slack tide when fish movements are lower). 3. The City, with consultation from a qualified biologist who is familiar with marine biology, shall review the final plan design to ensure that these design requirements have been incorporated into the plan. Bio-13b:Utilization of Construction Tools and Techniques that Minimize Percussive Noise. If programmatic OPSP elements include construction of structures that require percussive techniques, construction activities shall employ the following techniques to the greatest extent practicable. 1. Drive piles with a vibratory device instead of an impact hammer if feasible, and use a cushioning block between the Impact Bio-13 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measures Bio-13a and Bio-13b are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to NI DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-34 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance hammer and the pile. 2. Restrict driving of steel piles to the June 1 to November 30 work window, or as otherwise recommended by the NMFS (driving of concrete piles would not be subject to this condition). 3. If steel piles must be driven with an impact hammer, an air curtain shall be installed to disrupt sound wave propagation, or the area around the piles being driven shall be dewatered using a coffer dam. The goal of either measure is to disrupt the sound wave as it moves from water into air. 4. If an air curtain is used, a qualified biologist shall monitor pile driving to ensure that the air curtain is functioning properly and OPSP-generated sound waves do not exceed the threshold of 180183-decibels generating 1 micropascal (as established by NMFS guidelines the Fisheries Hydroacoustic Working Group; 2008). This shall require monitoring of in-water sound waves during pile driving. 5. Use of fewer piles, or smaller piles, or a different type of pile, with hollow steel piles appearing to create the most impact at a given size 6. Driving piles when species of concern are absent 7. Use of a vibratory hammer rather than an impact hammer 8. Use of a cushioning block CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-35 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance between hammer and pile 9. Use of a confined or unconfined air bubble curtain; and 10. Driving piles during periods of reduced currents Impact Bio-14: In-Water Construction Disturbance of Olympia Oyster Beds. There is a known population of Olympia oysters at Oyster Point. In- water construction activities, including activities at the marina and along the shoreline, could potentially impact oysters through the removal of substrate supporting oysters, smothering of oyster beds with fill, or degradation of water quality. Such oysters, including their larvae, provide food, refugia, and attachment sites for a number of aquatic organisms and filter nutrients and pollutants from the water. As a result, these oysters perform a valuable function to the Bay ecosystem, and impacts to oysters from in-water construction activities are potentially significant. Bio-14a: Avoidance of Suitable Oyster Habitat. To the greatest extent practicable, OPSP activities shall avoid removing or disturbing riprap and other rocky substrates that serve as suitable oyster habitat. If impacts to oysters and their habitat are unavoidable, measures Bio-14b and Bio-14c shall be implemented. Bio-14b: Native Oyster Surveys. A detailed survey for native oysters shall be conducted in all suitable substrates within the OPSP area. This survey shall be conducted by a qualified oyster biologist at low tides that expose the maximum amount of substrate possible. Surveys can be conducted at any time of year, but late summer and early fall are optimal because newly settled oysters are detectable. This survey shall occur before any construction within aquatic habitats takes place to establish a baseline condition. If few or no oysters are observed on hard substrates that would remain in place after construction, no further mitigation is required. Bio-14c: Replacement of Suitable Oyster Habitat. If more than 100 oysters would be removed or are in areas where construction-generated sediment could settle out onto the Impact Bio-14 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measures Bio-14a, Bio- 14b, and Bio-14c are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to NI DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-36 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance oysters, compensatory mitigation shall be provided by the OPSP Applicant at a minimum 1:1 ratio. The OPSP Applicant shall retain a qualified oyster biologist to develop an Oyster Restoration Plan that shall be reviewed and approved by the City. This Plan shall include site selection, substrate installation, and monitoring procedures, and include the following components (unless otherwise modified by NMFS): 1. A suitable site for installation of replacement substrate would be one with adequate daily tidal flow, a location that would not be affected by maintenance dredging or other routine marina maintenance activities, and one that is lacking in appropriate settlement substrate. A location outside of the breakwaters or in association with any eelgrass mitigation sites would be appropriate. 2. Although oysters may settle on a variety of materials, the most appropriate for restoration purposes is oyster shell. This is typically installed by placing the shell into mesh bags that can then be placed in piles on the seafloor of the mitigation site. Enough shell shall be installed under the guidance of a qualified oyster biologist to make up for the loss attributable to the OPSP. Mitigation shall occur after construction of all in-water elements of the OPSP. CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-37 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance 3. The restoration site shall be monitored on a regular basis by a qualified oyster biologist for a minimum of two years, or until success criteria are achieved if they are not achieved within two years. Monitoring shall involve routine checks (bi-monthly during the winter and monthly during the spring and summer) to evaluate settlement, growth, and survival on the mitigation site. Success shall be determined to have been achieved when settlement and survival rates for oysters are not statistically significantly different between the mitigation site and the populations being impacted. Impact Bio-15: Increased Turbidity During In-Water Construction and Eelgrass Beds. In-water construction activities that result in increased turbidity could potentially result in adverse effects to eelgrass by covering eelgrass with sediment. Because eelgrass beds provide nursery habitat for a variety of fish species, they are very important to the Bay ecosystem, and impacts to eelgrass beds are thus potentially significant. Bio-15a: Water Quality Best Management Practices for Eelgrass. In addition to the water quality BMPs described above in Measure Bio-3a, the following BMPs shall minimize impacts to any eelgrass beds in the OPSP area. 1. Conduct all in-water work during periods of eelgrass dormancy (November 1-March 31) [Note: the majority of this period conflicts with the period during which in-water activities should not occur to avoid impacts to salmonids; only the period November 1-30 would avoid impacts during sensitive periods for both taxa.] 2. Install sediment curtains around the worksite to minimize sediment transport If these BMPs are not feasible, or if Impact Bio-15 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measures Bio-15a, Bio- 15b, and Bio-15c are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to NI DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-38 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance OPSP activities will occur in aquatic areas outside of the marina, mitigation measures 15b and 15c shall be undertaken. Bio-15b: Eelgrass Survey. Prior to any construction activities in aquatic habitats, a survey for eelgrass beds or patches shall be conducted within 750 ft of expected aquatic construction activities. The survey shall be conducted by a biologist(s) familiar with eelgrass identification and ecology and approved by NMFS to conduct such a survey. Survey methods shall employ either SCUBA or sufficient grab samples to ensure that the bottom was adequately inventoried. The survey shall occur between August and October and collect data on eelgrass distribution, density, and depth of occurrence for the survey areas. The edges of any eelgrass beds or patches shall be mapped. At the conclusion of the survey a report shall be prepared documenting the survey methods, results, and eelgrass distribution, if any, within the survey area. This report shall be submitted to NMFS for approval. If OPSP activities can be adjusted so that no direct impacts to eelgrass beds would occur, no further mitigation would be required. If direct impacts to eelgrass beds cannot be avoided, the following measures shall be implemented. Bio-15c: Compensatory Eelgrass Mitigation. If direct impacts to CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-39 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance eelgrass beds cannot be avoided, compensatory mitigation shall be provided in conformance with the Southern California Eelgrass Mitigation Policy. Mitigation shall entail the replacement of impacted eelgrass at a 3:1 (mitigation: impact) ratio on an acreage basis, based on the eelgrass mapping described in mitigation measure 8B above, and detailed designs of the feature(s) that would impact eelgrass beds. Such mitigation could occur either off site or on site (NMFS 2005b). Off-site mitigation could be achieved through distribution of a sufficient amount of funding to allow restoration or enhancement of eelgrass beds at another location in the Bay. If this option is selected, all funds shall be distributed to the appropriate state or federal agency or restoration-focused non-governmental agency (i.e., CDFG restoration fund, California Coastal Conservancy, Save the Bay, etc). The OPSP Applicant shall provide written evidence to the City that either a) compensation has been established through the purchase of a sufficient number of mitigation credits to satisfy the mitigation acreage requirements of the OPSP activity, or funds sufficient for the restoration of the mitigation acreage requirements of the OPSP activity have been paid. These funds shall be applied only to eelgrass restoration within the Bay. If on-site mitigation is selected as the appropriate option, the OPSP DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-40 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Applicant shall retain a qualified biologist familiar with eelgrass ecology to prepare and implement a detailed Eelgrass Mitigation Plan. Unless otherwise directed by NMFS, the Eelgrass Mitigation Plan shall follow the basic outline and contain all the components required of the Southern California Eelgrass Mitigation Policy (as revised in 2005), including: identification of the mitigation need, site, transplant methodology, mitigation extent (typically 3:1 on an acreage basis), monitoring protocols (including frequency, staffing, reviewing agencies, duration, etc), and success criteria. A draft Eelgrass Mitigation Plan shall be submitted to NMFS, for its review and approval prior to implementation, with a copy to the City. Once the plan has been approved, it shall be implemented in the following appropriate season for transplantation. Restored eelgrass beds shall be monitored for success over a 5-year period. Cultural Resources Impact Culture-1: Disturbance of Unidentified Paleontological Resources, Archaeological Resources or Human Remains. During earth- moving activities at the OPSP site, it is possible that unidentified paleontological resources, archaeological resources or human remains could be uncovered and disturbed. Culture-1a: Halt Construction Activity, Evaluate Find and Implement Mitigation. In the event that any previously unidentified paleontological or archaeological resources are uncovered during site preparation, excavation or other construction activity, all such activity shall cease until these resources have been evaluated by a qualified paleontologist or archaeologist and specific mitigation measures can be Revised Impact Culture-1: Disturbance of Unidentified Paleontological Resources, Archaeological Resources, Tribal Cultural Resources, or Human Remains. During earth-moving activities at the OPSP site, it is possible that unidentified paleontological resources, archaeological resources, tribal cultural resources, or human remains could be uncovered and Revised Mitigation Measures Culture-1a: Halt Construction Activity, Evaluate Find and Implement Mitigation. In the event that any previously unidentified paleontological resources, tribal cultural resources, or archaeological resources are uncovered during site preparation, excavation or other construction activity, all such activity shall cease until these LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-41 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance implemented to protect these resources. Culture-1b: Halt Construction Activity, Evaluate Find and Take Appropriate Action in Coordination with Native American Heritage Commission. In the event that any human remains are uncovered during site preparation, excavation or other construction activity, all such activity shall cease until these resources have been evaluated by the County Coroner, and appropriate action taken in coordination with the Native American Heritage Commission. disturbed. resources have been evaluated by a qualified paleontologist or archaeologist and specific mitigation measures can be implemented to protect these resources. Culture-1b: Halt Construction Activity, Evaluate Find and Take Appropriate Action in Coordination with Native American Heritage Commission. In the event that any human remains are uncovered during site preparation, excavation or other construction activity, all such activity shall cease until these resources have been evaluated by the County Coroner, and appropriate action taken if necessary in coordination with the Native American Heritage Commission. Geology and Soils Impact Geo-1: Surface Fault Rupture. According to the latest available maps, the OPSP site is not contained within an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone boundary. Published geologic maps of the area show the San Andreas fault (the closest known fault to the site) as lying about 7.3 kilometers (4.5 miles) to the west. The potential impact of surface fault rupture is considered less-than- significant. No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS with MM Impact Geo-2: Seismic Ground Shaking. There is a high probability that the proposed development will be subjected to strong to violent ground shaking from an earthquake during its Geo-2a: Compliance with California Building Code. OPSP development shall meet requirements of the California Building Code, including the California Building Standards, Same Same LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-42 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance design life. Strong to violent seismic ground shaking is considered a potentially significant impact. published by the International Conference of Building Officials, and as modified by the amendments, additions and deletions as adopted by the City of South San Francisco, California. Incorporation of seismic construction standards will reduce the potential for catastrophic effects of ground shaking, such as complete structural failure, but will not completely eliminate the hazard of seismically induced ground shaking. Geo-2b: Compliance with a design- level Geotechnical Investigation report prepared by a Registered Geotechnical Engineer and with Structural Design Plans as prepared by a Licensed Professional Engineer. Proper foundation engineering and construction shall be performed in accordance with the recommendations of a Registered Geotechnical Engineer and a Licensed Professional Engineer. The structural engineering design, with supporting Geotechnical Investigation, shall incorporate seismic parameters compliant with the California Building Code. Geo-2c: Obtain a building permit. The OPSP applicant shall obtain a building permit through the City of South San Francisco Building Division. Plan Review of planned buildings and structures shall be completed by the Building Division for adherence to the seismic design criteria for planned commercial and CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-43 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance industrial sites in the East of 101 area of the City of South San Francisco. According to the East of 101 area plan, Geotechnical Safety Element, buildings shall not be subject to catastrophic collapse under foreseeable seismic events, and will allow egress of occupants in the event of damage following a strong earthquake. Impact Geo-3. Liquefaction, Densification, and Ground Surface Settlement. The Association of Bay Area Governments identifies the OPSP area as an area of high hazard for liquefaction. However, based on the subsurface data obtained from the previous drilled borings at Oyster Point (noted above among the references reviewed), the existing landfill materials, residual soils, Bay Mud, and Franciscan Complex bedrock have a low potential for liquefaction. Therefore, damage due to liquefaction at Oyster Point is considered low. It should be noted that the landfill is contained by soil dikes along the water-side site perimeter. These perimeter dikes are reported to have been constructed of Bay Mud, which has low potential for liquefaction. Prior to new site development, geotechnical studies shall be undertaken to confirm the material types used in the construction of the perimeter dikes to verify the assumed low potential for liquefaction. Liquefaction or densification of soils composing or underlying the perimeter dikes could Geo-3a: Compliance with recommendations of a Geotechnical Investigation and in conformance with Structural Design Plans. A design-level Geotechnical Investigation shall be prepared for the site under the direction of a California Registered Geotechnical Engineer and shall include analysis for liquefaction potential of the site soils, particularly in the perimeter dikes. Proper foundation engineering and construction shall be performed in accordance with the recommendations of the Geotechnical Investigation. The Geotechnical Investigation shall be reviewed and approved by the City’s Geotechnical Consultant and by the City Engineer. A Registered Structural Engineer shall prepare project structural design plans. Structures shall be designed to reduce the effects of anticipated seismic settlements. The Geotechnical Engineer shall review the Structural Design Plans and provide approval for the Geotechnical elements of the plans. The design plans shall identify specific mitigation measures to Same Same LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-44 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance result in settlement and differential settlement of site improvements including buildings, pavements, and utilities and pose a threat to human health. The potential for liquefaction of perimeter dike soils is considered a potentially significant impact. reduce liquefaction potential, if the potential for liquefaction is found to exist, or other ground failure modes such as lateral spreading, seismic densification or stability of the perimeter dike slopes. Mitigation measures may include ground improvement by methods such as stone columns or jet grouting. Geo-3b: Obtain a building permit. The OPSP applicant shall obtain a building permit through the City of South San Francisco Building Division. Plan Review of planned buildings and structures shall be completed by the Building Division for adherence to the seismic design criteria for planned commercial and industrial sites in the East of 101 area of the City of South San Francisco. According to the East of 101 area plan, Geotechnical Safety Element, buildings should not be subject to catastrophic collapse under foreseeable seismic events, and will allow egress of occupants in the event of damage following a strong earthquake. Impact Geo-4. Perimeter Dike Stability. Based on a review of available subsurface information, the dikes that surround the site are assumed to be constructed primarily of cohesive soils derived from Bay Mud. Slope stability of the perimeter dikes is critical to the integrity of the site. Slope stability of the dikes is controlled primarily by the strength of the materials used in dike Geo-4: Compliance with recommendations of a Geotechnical Investigation. A design-level Geotechnical Investigation shall include an evaluation of static stability and seismic stability under a design magnitude earthquake event. Seismic analyses shall include pseudo-static analyses to estimate permanent slope displacements due to earthquake motions. The Same Same LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-45 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance construction and of the soils on which the dikes are founded. Prior to new site development, geotechnical studies shall be undertaken to confirm the material types used in the construction of the perimeter dikes to verify that the slopes meet minimum criteria for stability under both static and seismic conditions. Failure of the perimeter dike slopes could result in settlement and differential settlement of site improvements including buildings, pavements, and utilities and pose a threat to human health. In the absence of evidence that demonstrates adequate stability of the perimeter dike slopes under both static and seismic conditions, stability of the perimeter dike slopes is considered a potentially significant impact. Geotechnical Engineer shall prepare recommendations to mitigate potential slope instability, if slope stability problems are identified. Mitigation measures may include ground improvement by methods such as stone columns or jet grouting. Design-level Geotechnical Investigations shall be completed during preliminary and final design stages and will confirm material types used in the construction of the perimeter dikes to verify that the slopes meet minimum criteria for stability under both static and seismic conditions. Knowledge of the stability of the perimeter dikes will guide the selection of any future measures to mitigate any deficiencies identified in the perimeter dike. Impact Geo-5: Variable Subsurface Conditions and Selection of Foundation Types and Depths. Geotechnical considerations for the selection of alternative foundation types for the site include the following: • The presence of Bay Mud, landfill waste and other area fill over most of the proposed building footprint areas; • Varying thicknesses of Bay Mud, landfill waste and other fill; • Sloping bedrock surface; and • Presence of possible paleochannels in the north/northwest portions of the site. These variable subsurface conditions Geo-5a: Deep Foundations. Because of the magnitude of expected settlement of Bay Mud soils and waste fill materials that would occur under new building loads, the OPSP applicant must consider the use of deep foundations such as driven piles. Specific recommendations for suitable deep foundation alternatives and required penetrations will be provided during the course of a design-level geotechnical investigation and will depend on factors such as the depth and hardness of the underlying clays, sands or bedrock, and the corrosivity of the waste materials and Bay Mud soils. Suitable deep foundation types may include driven precast, Same Same LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-46 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance will influence the design, performance and constructability of foundation systems for the proposed buildings and are considered a potentially significant impact. prestressed concrete piles or driven closed-end steel pipe piles with the interior of the pile filled with concrete after driving. Deep foundations shall extend through all waste materials and Bay Mud and be tipped in underlying stiff to hard clays, dense sands or weathered bedrock. Where waste and Bay Mud soils underlie the site, wall and column loads as well as floor slabs shall be founded on deep foundations. Settlement of properly- designed and constructed deep foundation elements is typically less than about one-half inch. The majority of settlement typically occurs during construction as the loads are applied. Where landfill waste and Bay Mud are not present (possibly at extreme western and northwestern edges of the site) and competent soil or bedrock are present near the ground surface (within about 5 feet of finished grade elevation), shallow foundations such as footings or mats may be appropriate foundation types, as determined during the course of a design-level geotechnical investigation. Where proposed structures straddle a transition zone between these conditions, a combination of shallow and deep foundations may be required. Any transition zones shall be identified during site-specific geotechnical investigations for preliminary and final designs. CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-47 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Geo-5b: Predrilling and/or Pile Configuration. Piles either shall be predrilled through the fill and landfill materials to protect the piles from damage due to unknown materials, to reduce pushing waste material deeper, and to reduce pile alignment problems or shall have a pointed tip configuration. If a drill is used, it should only loosen and break up in- place obstructions that may cause pile damage. During recent subsurface investigations reported by Treadwell & Rollo (2009b) obstructions including concrete rubble was encountered throughout the landfill area, particularly in the northern end of the site. Even with predrilling, precast concrete piles could be damaged during installation at a landfill site such as Oyster Point. For preliminary planning purposes, a precast concrete pile breakage rate during installation of 10 to 15 percent may be considered applicable. Piles usually have to include pointed tip configurations to avoid pushing landfill waste downward. These configurations are typically readily accommodated by pile driving contractors. Geo-5c: Indicator Pile Program. Prior to specifying the lengths of the production piles, drive indicator piles at the structure sites in order to observe the driving characteristic of the piles and the ability of the driving equipment when a driven pile is used. The driving criteria and pile length of DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-48 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance production piles shall also be estimated from the information obtained from driving of the indicator piles. The contractor shall use the same equipment to drive both the indicator and production piles. Indicator pile lengths and locations shall be selected by the Geotechnical Engineer, in conjunction with the Structural Engineer and Contractor after the foundation plan has been finalized. The indicator pile program will serve to establish information on the following: • Estimates of production pile lengths; • Drivability of production piles; • Performance of pile driving equipment; and • Variation in driving resistance relative to depth and location of piles. Impact Geo-6: Drag Load on Deep Foundations. The landfill wastes and the underlying Bay Mud are settling due to consolidation and on-going decomposition-induced settlement of the wastes. Deep foundations (piles) will extend through the waste and Bay Mud layers and into underlying materials that are relatively incompressible. The settlement of the waste and Bay Mud around the piles will tend to move downward relative to the pile. This settlement will accumulate a drag load on the pile element, which will depend on the Geo-6: Account for Drag Load on Deep Foundations. The Geotechnical Engineer shall account for accumulation of drag load in the structural design of the deep foundations elements (piles). Same Same LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-49 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance material layering and thickness, pile length and load on the pile. On-going settlement of Bay Mud soils and waste materials is considered a potentially significant impact. Impact Geo-7: Landfill Gas Entry into Buildings. Construction of buildings over the landfill cap could allow landfill gas to accumulate beneath building floors and permeate into the building interiors. Landfill gas accumulation inside buildings and at the building-soil interface may adversely affect the health and safety of building occupants. Accumulation of landfill gas beneath and inside structures is a potentially significant impact. Geo-7: Incorporate Systems for Landfill Gas Control. Measures for the control of landfill gas shall be included in building design. Measures for the control of landfill gas typically include a collection system, floor slab shielding and interior alarms. Same Same LTS with MM Impact Geo-8: Landfill Waste Materials and Bay Mud. Placement of additional fill or other new loads at the site will result in additional site settlement due to consolidation settlement of the Bay Mud soils and the compaction and decomposition induced settlement of submerged waste and waste above groundwater. Due to the generally heterogeneous nature of the landfill, differential settlement of the soil cap will be on- going. This differential settlement can disrupt drainage patterns and cause damage to pavements, underground utilities and soil-supported structures. The magnitude of new settlement in response to additional fill will depend on the thickness of the fill, the lateral extent, and the current thickness of the soil cap. For estimating purposes, settlements on the order of 3 to 5 Geo-8a: Avoid Significant New Loads on Landfill Waste and Bay Mud. A design-level Geotechnical Investigation shall include exploration to more thoroughly determine the thickness and areal extent of landfill waste and Bay Mud. To avoid inducing additional settlement to the settlement that is already on-going, grading plans shall include as little additional new fill as possible, and significant new structure loads or any structures that are settlement-sensitive shall be founded on deep foundations extended below the Bay Mud, as recommended in the design-level Geotechnical Investigation report. All grading shall be planned to avoid penetrating the landfill cap and to reduce the amount of long-term Impact Geo-8 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measures Geo-8a, and Geo-8b are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-50 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance inches for every foot of new fill should be anticipated. Settlement due to the presence of unstable soil, waste and Bay Mud is a potentially significant impact. settlement in response to new fills. Because the Bay Mud and waste across most of the site are still settling under the weight of existing fill and waste decomposition and will settle more under new fills, additional settlement should be expected, with the creation of localized low-lying surface areas. Existing low areas shall be corrected during site grading to allow for proper drainage. Long-term maintenance planning for the development shall also include provisions for periodic grading to correct drainage problems and improve site grades, as outlined in the Disposition and Development Agreement. The Geotechnical Engineer will recommend other site-specific recommendations based on the results of the design-level Geotechnical Investigation to mitigate on-going settlement and any additional settlement to be expected in response to new development. Geo-8b: Design Building-Soil Interface to Allow Free Movement. The Structural Engineer shall provide that structures not supported on deep foundations not be structurally tied into pile-supported buildings, except as noted below, and shall be designed to allow free vertical movement between structures. Articulated ramps on walkways and building entrances at the interface between the pile and soil-supported CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-51 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance areas can provide a smooth walkway over moderate differential settlements with some amount of maintenance. As the magnitude of the differential settlement increases, however, these ramps may need to be rebuilt or realigned to account for the larger elevation differential. Similar ramps may also reduce differential settlements between driveways and pile-supported parking lots. Over time, voids will tend to form beneath pile-supported buildings due to on-going settlement of the landfill. Use of wall skirts around the building perimeter will help to reduce the visual impact of these voids. Impact Geo-9: Hazardous Conditions During Excavation and Following Construction. Excavations extending into either the landfill cap or into the waste fill are expected to encounter potentially hazardous conditions including poisonous and explosive gases. This may be true in shallower excavations as well. This is a potentially significant impact during and following site construction activities. Geo-9a: Monitoring and Testing. Special precautions shall be taken to monitor the safety conditions and to provide for the safety of workers in the area. Additionally, if excavations encounter water, this water shall be tested for contaminants and may have to undergo specialized handling, treatment and/or disposal if it is contaminated. A system to disperse methane during construction shall be installed in or adjacent to the trenches. Geo-9b: Locate Underground Utilities in Soil Cap. To the extent practicable, the utilities shall be constructed in the soil landfill cap to avoid direct contact of the utility lines and construction workers with the waste material. If construction of utilities in the waste material is necessary, proper design and Impact Geo-9 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measures Geo-9a, Geo- 9b, and Geo-9c are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-52 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance construction precautions shall be taken to protect the system and the workers from the corrosive and hazardous conditions of the waste. Geo-9c: Seal Trenches and Underground Structures. Trenches and underground structures shall be sealed to preclude gas intrusion. Typical types of sealing procedures include providing a low permeability clay cover of 1 foot over the top of the pipe, or the utility trench be lined with a relatively impervious geomembrane. Underground manholes may be shielded from methane intrusion by placement of a membrane around the outside of the structure. To reduce gas migration off-site within the utility trenches, all trenches crossing the transition zone between the landfill and non-landfill portions of the property shall be sealed with a clay plug surrounding the pipe or other approved methods. In addition, plugs shall also be provided at the perimeters of buildings to reduce migration of gas through the utility trenches to beneath the buildings. Impact Geo-10: Damage to Landfill Cap Due to Excavation. Excavations for buildings, utilities and other underground structures that extend into the landfill cap may result in damage to the landfill cap. This would be a potentially significant impact on safety during and after construction and on the continued performance of the landfill cap. Geo-10: Provide For Continuity of Landfill Cap. Following planned landfill excavation and landfill cap repair, the project Civil Engineer shall require that excavations for building foundations, utility trenches and other underground structures be configured to maintain continuity of the landfill cap. The specific configuration will depend upon the Impact Geo-10 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Geo-10 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-53 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance excavation depth and orientation to underlying wastes. However, a low- permeability layer of soil or a geomembrane properly tied to surrounding cap areas may be required. Impact Geo-11: Stresses at Building Connections. Underground utilities will be subject to distress at building connection locations due to differential settlement. It is anticipated that the most crucial sections of the utility lines will occur at the interface between the soil supported utility line and the pile supported buildings. At this interface differential settlements of several feet are possible. This would be a potentially significant impact on the performance of underground utilities. Geo-11: Common Trenches and Vaults. Where underground utilities are to be located in landfill areas, consideration shall be given to reducing the number of utilities trenches by locating utilities in common trenches to the extent practicable. In addition, vaulted systems shall be designed and maintained at such interfaces that provide flexible and/or expandable connections to the proposed buildings. In addition, the utility lines beneath buildings shall be suspended from hangers fastened to structural floor slabs. Impact Geo-11 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Geo-11 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to LTS Impact Geo-12: Stresses in Utility Line Materials. Differential settlement will cause distress to the materials used in underground utilities construction. On a landfill site the effects of differential settlement are typically more severe than at a conventional site due to the generally higher levels of settlement that occur. Differential settlement is a potentially significant impact on the performance of underground utilities. Geo-12: Flexible Materials and Joints. Utility lines shall be constructed of flexible pipe such as welded polyethylene to accommodate differential settlement within the waste material and landfill cap. At the border of the landfill, where differential settlements are expected to be large, the utility lines shall be designed to allow for rotation. As with buried utilities on a conventional site, proper bedding and backfilling shall be completed, as specified in a design-level geotechnical investigation report. Impact Geo-12 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Geo-12 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to LTS Impact Geo-13: Disruption of Flow Gradient. Differential settlement will Geo-13: Increase Flow Gradient. The Civil Engineer shall consider Impact Geo-13 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Geo-13 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-54 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance tend to disrupt flow gradients in gravity-flow sewers and storm drains. This is a potentially significant impact on the performance of these utilities. increasing the flow gradient in sewers and storm drains so that differential settlements will not disrupt the flow. An alternative is to provide a pumping system that does not rely on gravity flow. Such measures will reduce the impact of reduced flow gradient due to differential settlement to less than significant. This applies to the entire OPSP, including the Phase I Project. LTS Impact Geo-14: Soil Erosion. The OPSP would involve mass grading at a location that drains stormwater to the San Francisco Bay. Demolition of existing structures and pavements could expose underlying landfill cap soils to the elements. Excavation of soil for construction of new buildings and pavement sections would also be performed and temporary stockpiles of loose soil will be created. Soils exposed during site grading would be subject to erosion during storm events. Grading would disturb site soils potentially leading to impacts to the San Francisco Bay. This would be a potentially significant impact during and following site construction activities. Geo-14: Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. In accordance with the Clean Water Act and the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB), the Applicant shall file a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) prior to the start of construction. The SWPPP shall include specific best management practices to reduce soil erosion. This is required to obtain coverage under the General Permit for Discharges of Storm Water Associated with Construction Activity (Construction General Permit, 99-08-DWQ). Same Same LTS with MM Impact Geo-15: Expansive Soils. Available existing geotechnical information for the OPSP site does not identify the presence of highly- plastic, near-surface expansive soils. Therefore, at this time the impact of expansive soils with respect to shallow foundations is considered to be less-than-significant. This applies to the entire OPSP, including the No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-55 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Phase I Project. Impact Geo-16: Bayside Open Space Wave Stability. The bayside open space area could be subject to wave action, which could erode improvements and potentially lead to instability. The potential for erosion and instability of the bayside open space area is considered a potentially significant impact. Geo-16: Compliance with Recommendations of a Coastal Engineer. A design-level investigation of the sustainability of the proposed bayside open space in the local wave environment shall be prepared by a qualified coastal engineer. Elements of this analysis shall include an investigation of the local wave environment at the proposed bayside open space location, development and verification of numerical models of local wave action based on comparisons of measured and predicted wave heights, and application of the predictive numerical models to refine the open space design. Depending on the results of this investigation, the design of the bayside open space may need to incorporate protection measures such as structural elements (e.g., concrete seatwalls) and/or buffer zones (i.e., lengths of flat beach between the dynamic beach slope and any needed structural elements). The design plans shall incorporate appropriate recommendations from this investigation. If the recommendations require any construction in-water or near the shoreline, these may require subsequent permitting from BCDC and/or USACE and would also be subject to mitigation measures Bio- 12, -13a, -13b, 14a, -14b, -14c, -15a, -15b, and -15c. Impact Geo-16 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Geo-16 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to NI DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-56 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact GHG-1: Construction-Period GHG Emissions. Temporary construction-related exhaust would be an additional source of GHG emissions that could contribute to significant impacts on the environment. This is a less-than- significant impact. Mitigation Measure GHG-1: Construction GHG Reduction Measures. The following best practice measures shall be included in construction contracts to reduce GHG emissions during construction, as feasible. • At least 15 percent of the fleet of construction vehicles/equipment shall be alternative fueled (e.g., biodiesel, electric). • At least 10 percent of the building materials shall be locally sourced. • At least 50 percent of construction waste or demolition materials shall be recycled or reused. This impact has been combined with Impact GHG-2 below. Mitigation Measure GHG-1 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS Impact GHG-2: Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions. New development in the OPSP area would be an additional source of GHG emissions, primarily through consumption of energy for transportation and energy usage, which could contribute to significant impacts on the environment. This impact is potentially significant. Mitigation Measure Traf-1 (included with Impact Traf-1) and energy efficiency measures included in the project design would reduce this impact. However, since the quantified emissions are above 2010 thresholds, this impact is conservatively determined to be Significant and Unavoidable. Impact GHG-1: Construction- Period and GHG Emissions. Temporary construction-related exhaust would be an additional source of GHG emissions that could contribute to significant impacts on the environment. This is a less-than-significant impact. Impact GHG-2: Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions. New development in the OPSP area would be an additional source of construction-period and operational GHG emissions, primarily through consumption of energy for transportation and energy usage, which could contribute to significant impacts on the environment. However, projects are required to implement all applicable measures of the Climate Action Further reduced by Mitigation Measures Air-4a and Traf-1. SU revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-57 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Plan and emission rates will be below applicable threshold levels. This impact is potentially less-than- significant. Hazardous Materials Impact Haz-1: Routine transportation, use or disposal of hazardous materials. While specific tenants have not yet been identified, research laboratories are likely to handle materials considered to be biological hazards, chemical hazards and/or carry a risk of fire or explosion. The risk of accidental upset and environmental contamination from routine transport, storage, use and disposal of hazardous and potentially hazardous materials to the public and environment is a potentially significant impact. Haz-1a: Plan Review for Adherence to Fire and Safety Codes. Building space shall be designed to handle the intended use, with sprinklers, alarms, vents, and secondary containment structures, where applicable. These systems shall pass plan review through the City of South San Francisco Planning, Building and Fire Departments. Haz-1b: Construction Inspection and Final Inspection Prior to Occupancy. During construction, the utilities including sprinkler systems shall pass pressure and flush tests to make sure they perform as designed. At the end of construction, occupancy shall not be allowed until a final inspection is made by the Fire Department for conformance of all building systems with the Fire Code and National Fire Protection Agency Requirements. The inspection shall include testing of sprinklers systems, alarm systems, ventilation and airflow systems, and secondary containment systems. The inspection shall include a review of the emergency evacuation plans. These plans shall be modified as deemed necessary. Haz-1c: Hazardous Materials Business Plan Program. Businesses occupying the development shall Revised Impact Haz-1: Routine transportation, use or disposal of hazardous materials. While specific tenants have not yet been identified, research laboratories are likely to handle materials considered to be biological hazards, chemical hazards and/or carry a risk of fire or explosion. The change from proposed office/R&D uses to residential uses would involve the use of household hazardous waste such as vehicle components and cleaners. The risk of accidental upset and environmental contamination from routine transport, storage, use and disposal of hazardous and potentially hazardous materials to the public and environment is a potentially significant impact. Same LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-58 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance complete a Hazardous Materials Business Plan for the safe storage and use of chemicals. The Business Plan shall include the type and quantity of hazardous materials, a site map showing storage locations of hazardous materials and where they may be used and transported from, risks of using these materials, material safety data sheets for each material, a spill prevention plan, an emergency response plan, employee training consistent with OSHA guidelines, and emergency contact information. Businesses qualify for the program if they store a hazardous material equal to or greater than the minimum reportable quantities. These quantities are 55 gallons for liquids, 500 pounds for solids and 200 cubic feet (at standard temperature and pressure) for compressed gases. Exemptions include businesses selling only pre-packaged consumer goods; medical professionals who store oxygen, nitrogen, and/or nitrous oxide in quantities not more than 1,000 cubic feet for each material, and who store or use no other hazardous materials; or facilities that store no more than 55 gallons of a specific type of lubricating oil, and for which the total quantity of lubricating oil not exceed 275 gallons for all types of lubricating oil. These exemptions are not expected to apply to on-site laboratory facilities. Businesses occupying and/or operating at the proposed CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-59 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance development shall submit a business plan prior to the start of operations, and shall review and update the entire Business Plan at least once every two years, or within 30 days of any significant change, including without limitation, changes to emergency contact information, major increases or decreases in hazardous materials storage and/or changes in location of hazardous materials. Plans shall be submitted to the San Mateo County Environmental Health Department (SMCEHD) Business Plan Program, which may be contacted at (650) 363-4305 for more information. The SMCEHD shall inspect the business at least once a year to make sure that the Business Plan is complete and accurate. Haz-1d: Hazardous Waste Generator Program. Qualifying businesses shall register and comply with the hazardous waste generator program. The State of California DTSC authorized the SMCEHD to inspect and regulate non-permitted hazardous waste generators in San Mateo County based on the Hazardous Waste Control Law found in the California Health and Safety Code Division 20, Chapter 6.5 and regulations found in the CCR Title 22, Division 4.5. Regulations require businesses generating any amount of hazardous waste as defined by regulation to properly store, manage and dispose of such waste. SMCEHD DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-60 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance staff also conducts surveillance and enforcement activities in conjunction with the County District Attorney's Office for businesses or individuals that significantly violate the above referenced law and regulations. Haz-1e: Compliance with Applicable Laws and Regulations. All transportation of hazardous materials and hazardous waste to and from the OPSP area shall be in accordance with CFR Title 49, US Department of Transportation (DOT), State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and local laws, ordinances and procedures including placards, signs and other identifying information. Impact Haz-2: Accidental Hazardous Materials Release During Disturbance of Landfill Materials. Site preparation and construction activities in the vicinity of the landfill could result in release of hazardous solid waste, groundwater and/or soil vapor and the potential for direct exposure to workers engaged in soil excavation and dewatering activities. This represents a potentially significant impact. Haz-2: Waste Excavation and Re- disposition. A plan shall be written for management of excavated wastes/refuse. Non-hazardous excavated waste shall be re-deposited in an alternate part of the site and any hazardous waste shall be relocated off-site for appropriate disposal. The plan can be a section of the Site Management Plan (Mitigation Measure Haz-4a), or a stand alone document. The plan shall include measures to avoid releases of wastes or waste water into the environment and to protect workers and the public. The details of the plan shall be based, in part, on the amount of material to be removed and the final design of foundation structures, but will generally include the following, as deemed appropriate by the regulatory Impact Haz-2 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Haz-2 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-61 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance agencies, particularly DTSC and RWQCB: • To the greatest extent possible, use existing boring data to obtain pre- characterization of refuse for off- site disposal, and to pre-plan areas to be removed versus areas to be re-deposited on-site. • Divide excavation areas into daily sections; plan to complete excavation and backfilling a section during each working day. Minimize the time period that refuse is exposed. • Review existing boring data and existing site documentation to evaluate potential subsurface materials to be encountered. • Stake out area to be excavated. • If excavation is to be conducted at depths where groundwater is to be encountered, conduct dewatering to minimize worker potential direct contact with groundwater. Removed groundwater shall be treated in accordance with the requirements outlined in the Site Management Plan (Mitigation Measure Haz-4a). • Screen excavation site with a portable photoionization detector and combustible gas monitor for landfill gasses. Continue screening progress of each excavation section as work proceeds. Use foam suppressants or 6 inches minimum of daily soil cover for nuisance odors. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-62 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance • Provide carbon dioxide gas source (fire extinguisher or cylinder) to flood excavation as necessary to prevent migration of gases into atmosphere above excavation, minimize explosive or fire potential, and control nuisance and odors. • Begin excavation and segregate soil and /or clay cap material above refuse for reuse as foundation layer. • Upon reaching refuse, place refuse into dump truck standing by on- site. • Dispose of each truck load of refuse immediately after filling equipment. All loads to be covered when hauling. Refuse shall be either re-deposited on-site in a specified area, or hauled to an off- site disposal facility. • Prior to relocation, field verify each load for disposal classification type (landfill classification, Class 3 or Class 2). If waste for off-site disposal is characterized as either California or Federal Hazardous Waste as defined in the criteria described in CCR Title 22 Section 66261, then the hazardous waste shall be tracked using the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest System (USEPA Form 8700-22). • Hazardous and if necessary, non- hazardous waste shall be transported to the appropriate CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-63 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance disposal facility using a permitted, licensed, and insured transportation company. Transporters of hazardous waste shall meet the requirements of 40 CFR 263 and 22 CCR 66263. Copies of uniform hazardous waste manifests signed by the designated waste disposal facility shall be retained for at least five years from the date the waste was accepted by the initial transporter. Copies of records pertaining to the characterization of hazardous or nonhazardous waste shall be retained for a minimum of three years. • Upon reaching over-excavation depth, place a minimum of 6-inch thick layer of appropriate backfill soil on excavation bottom to seal exposed refuse surface. Place soil by the end of the same day excavation is completed. • Upon completion of excavation, begin cap placement procedures. Specific measures shall be targeted to minimize the duration of waste exposure, plan for appropriate final destination of wastes based on the presence of contaminants of concern, allow for adjustment in plan based on unexpected occurrences, and to protect worker safety and the public. Additional work plan measures are discussed in Haz-4a. In addition, worker protection measures for soil and dewatering are discussed in Haz- 6a. Measures specific to off-site air quality during construction are DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-64 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance included in mitigation measure Air-4. Impact Haz-3: Accidental Release of Hazardous Building Materials. During demolition of existing buildings, hazardous building materials could be released from structures at the site. These represent potentially significant impacts. Haz-3: Demolition Plan and Permitting. A demolition plan with permit applications shall be submitted to the City of South San Francisco Building Department for approval prior to demolition. Prior to obtaining a demolition permit from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), an asbestos demolition survey shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of BAAQMD Regulation 11, Rule 2. Prior to building demolition, hazardous building materials such as peeling, chipping and friable lead-based paint and asbestos containing building materials, if identified on the site, shall be removed in accordance with all applicable guidelines, laws, and ordinances. The Demolition Plan for safe demolition of existing structures shall incorporate recommendations from the site surveys for the presence of potentially hazardous building materials, as well as additional surveys if required by the City. The demolition plan shall address both on-site Worker Protection and off- site resident protection from both chemical and physical hazards. Contaminated building materials, if identified, shall be tested for contaminant concentrations and shall be disposed of to appropriate licensed landfill facilities. The Demolition Plan shall include a program of air monitoring for dust particulates and attached contaminants, as merited by Same Same LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-65 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance the surveys. The need for dust control and suspension of work during dry windy days shall be addressed in the plan. Impact Haz-4: Accidental Future Hazardous Materials Release of Pre- existing Site Materials. Landfill materials, which include hazardous materials in solid waste, groundwater and soil vapor, shall remain on-site following construction. Installation of new structures presents the potential for build up of soil gasses within the structures, posing a risk to building occupants and additional loading of the site surface could increase the rate of on-site waste settlement, leading to off-site migration of leachate. This represents a potentially significant impact. Haz-4a: Landfill Cap Upgrades. A landfill cap currently exists to prevent exposure of the public to impacted solids or groundwater. The cap shall be repaired and upgraded to meet CCR Title 27 requirements. CCR Title 27 requires closed landfills have a minimum 4 foot cap, consisting of a 2 foot base layer, a 1 foot clay layer with specified low hydraulic conductivity and a 1 foot erosion control layer. The minimum 4 feet of clean material that comprises the cap shall prevent exposure of the underlying material, preventing releases at the surface. The low hydraulic conductivity layer shall also act to minimize generation of leachate. Haz-4b: Use Of Deep Foundations To Prevent Load Induced Settlement. Buildings on fill shall be supported using driven steel or concrete piles founded in stiff to hard clays, dense sands or weathered bedrock underlying the fill. Both the structural loads and building floor slabs shall be supported on piles. This will avoid placing additional building loads on fill material. Haz-4c: Minimization of Irrigation Water Use. Landscaping of the site shall be selected to stabilize the soil, prevent erosion, and reduce the need for extensive irrigation. Excessive Impact Haz-4 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measures Haz-4a through Haz-4e are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-66 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance water could infiltrate the landfill cap and produce leachate. To prevent this, low-water vegetation shall be selected to reduce irrigation water. In addition the thickness of the erosion resistant layer in landscaped areas will be increased to minimize intrusion of roots into the lower layers of the cover. Haz-4d: Monitoring for Leachate Migration. A series of natural and man-made barriers have been implemented to prevent migration of impacted leachate into the surrounding area. Based on monitoring at the site implemented per the PCMP, these measures are currently effective in preventing releases. Leachate shall continue to be monitored, as discussed in Haz-4e, below. Leachate containment for the landfill portion of the OPSP shall be upgraded as needed during and following construction, as per the requirements of RWQCB Order No. 00-046 and the PCMP. Haz-4e: Operation and Maintenance Activities. Operation and maintenance (O&M) activities are expected to occur indefinitely at the site. Operation and maintenance activities shall include inspections and observations of site features to protect the landfill cap, prevent utility damage, maintain gravity flow of sewer systems, maintain the landfill gas barrier and venting systems, and monitor for leachate and groundwater contaminant concentrations. O&M shall act to CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-67 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance prevent releases of hazardous materials by identifying deficits in engineering controls prior to release events. Impact Haz-5: Accidental Hazardous Materials Release of Laboratory Chemicals. Following construction, operations at the proposed facilities are expected to represent a continuing threat to the environment through accidental release of hazardous materials since the site is proposed to include laboratory facilities, where hazardous materials stored or used on site could lead to an accidental release. This represents a potentially significant impact. Haz-5: California Accidental Release Prevention Program (CalARP). Future businesses at the development shall check the state and federal lists of regulated substances available from the SMCEHD. Chemicals on the list are chemicals that pose a major threat to public health and safety or the environment because they are highly toxic, flammable or explosive. Businesses shall determine which list to use in consultation with the SMCEHD. Should businesses qualify for the program, they shall complete a CalARP registration form and submit it to SMCEHD. Following registration, they shall submit a Risk Management Plan (RMP). RMPs are designed to handle accidental releases and ensure that businesses have the proper information to provide to emergency response teams if an accidental release occurs. All businesses that store or handle more than a threshold quantity (TQ) of a regulated substance shall develop a RMP and follow it. Risk Management Plans describe impacts to public health and the environment if a regulated substance is released near schools, residential areas, hospitals and childcare facilities. RMPs shall include procedures for keeping employees and customers safe, the handling Same Same LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-68 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance regulated substances, staff training, equipment maintenance, checking that substances are stored safely, and responding to an accidental release. Impact Haz-6: Exposure to Contaminated Soil, Soil Vapor, and Groundwater. As currently designed, utilities and foundation slabs shall be separated from landfill wastes by a minimum of 4 feet of clean material, however the potential for future maintenance work to penetrate into the subsurface where contamination remains cannot entirely be discounted. Soil and groundwater disturbance presents an exposure hazard to workers and trespassers. Disturbance of the subsurface also increases the potential for contamination to spread through surface water runoff, and through wind blown dust. These impacts are potentially significant. Haz-6a: Development and Implementation of Site Management Plans. A Site Management Plan shall be prepared that addresses the exposure risk to people and the environment resulting from future demolition, construction, occupancy, and maintenance activities on the property. The plans for the landfill portion of the OPSP shall be in accordance with RWQCB order No. 00-046, the PCMP and recommendations of the Environmental Consultant, and shall be reviewed and approved by the RWQCB, DTSC, the SMCEHD Groundwater Protection Program and the City of South San Francisco Public Works Department. Specific mitigation measures designed to protect human health and the environment shall be provided in the plan. At a minimum, the plan shall include the following: 1) Requirements for site specific Health and Safety Plans (HASP) shall be prepared in accordance with OSHA regulations by all contractors at the OPSP area. This includes a HASP for all demolition, grading and excavation on the site, as well as for future subsurface maintenance work. The HASP shall include appropriate training, any required personal protective equipment, Impact Haz-6 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measures Haz-6a through Haz-6c are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-69 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance and monitoring of contaminants to determine exposure. The HASP shall be reviewed and approved by a Certified Industrial Hygienist. The plan shall also designate provisions to limit worker entry and exposure and shall show locations and type of protective fencing to prevent public exposure to hazards during demolition, site grading, and construction activities. 2) Requirements for site-specific construction techniques that would minimize exposure to any subsurface contamination shall be developed. This shall include dewatering techniques to minimize direct exposure to groundwater during construction activities, treatment and disposal measures for any contaminated groundwater removed from excavations, trenches, and dewatering systems in accordance with local and Regional Water Quality Control Board guidelines. Groundwater encountered in excavations shall not be discharged into the neighboring storm drain, but into a closed containment facility, unless proven to have concentrations of contaminants below established regulatory guidelines. Extracted contaminated groundwater shall be required to be stored in tanks or other sealed container until tested. If testing determines that the water can be discharged into DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-70 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance the sanitary sewer system, then the applicant shall acquire a ground water discharge permit from the City of South San Francisco Sanitary Sewer District and meet local discharge limits before being allowed to discharge into the sanitary sewer. Water shall be analyzed for the chemicals of concern at the site, including benzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, chlorobenzene, naphthalene and additional compounds as requested by the receiving facility or the City of South San Francisco. 3) Waste relocation. Relocation or removal of existing landfill waste/refuse will be required for landfill cap upgrades and for site construction. Excavated waste can either be re-deposited on site or disposed of at an active landfill facility. Off-site disposal will require pre-characterization of the waste for acceptance at an approved waste disposal facility. Waste manifests will be prepared to document transportation and disposal. On-site disposal shall require proper placement, compaction, and capping of the refuse material. In either case, segregation of Class 2 and Class 3 from Class 1 material for disposal purposes shall be performed on- site to the extent possible. No Class 1 material shall be relocated or re-deposited on-site. BAAQMD Regulation 8 Rule 34 CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-71 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance section 118 documents a limited exemption for construction activities at landfill sites. This section specifies that when the construction activities are related to “installing, expanding, replacing, or repairing components of the landfill gas, leachate, or gas condensate collection and removal systems.” Excavation for cap upgrades falls under this exemption. Excavation for construction purposes will also likely fall under this exemption. As such it will be necessary to provide BAAQMD with construction plans and other documentation as detailed under this regulation for the purposes of obtaining a letter of exemption from BAAQMD. Excavation procedures are also discussed in Measure Haz-2. 4) Future subsurface work plan. The plan shall document procedures for future subsurface landscaping work, utility maintenance, etc., with proper notification, where applicable. The plan shall include a general health and safety plan for each expected type of work, with appropriate personal protective equipment, where applicable. This plan may be included in the operations and maintenance plan as appropriate. Haz-6b: Landfill Gas System. Section 21160 of Title 27 of the CCR requires that closed landfills implement and maintain landfill gas DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-72 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance control. A landfill gas (LFG) venting system shall be placed under the bottom slabs of each structure built entirely or partially over landfill material, to collect and vent the build up of gases diffusing through the landfill cap. The LFG system shall include spray-applied vapor barrier membranes, horizontal collection and passive venting, gas detection and monitoring. The system shall either have backup active collection and venting or shall be designed to facilitate retrofitting with an active system, if measures warrant the retrofit. Potential migration of LFG into the building space shall be mitigated by the collection and venting system, and secondly by the spray-applied membrane. Subsurface landfill gases shall be vented by a network of perforated piping placed beneath the building slabs. The exhaust gases shall be manifolded to a series of riser piping that is to be vented above structure roofs. Passive landfill gas systems do not require permits, however if an active system is installed, either at the time of construction or as part of a retrofit, a BAAQMD permit will be needed. Haz-6c: Non-use of Groundwater. Water supply wells shall not be installed at the site. This will prevent direct contact between the public and site groundwater and leachate. Haz-6d: San Mateo County Environmental Health Department Closure of Existing Facilities. Any businesses on the site that are CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-73 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance currently registered in the hazardous materials business plan program shall submit a closure work plan in accordance with the SMCEHD Business Closure Policy prior to vacating the property. The closure plan shall detail any necessary sampling and remediation. Closure shall not be granted until businesses have demonstrated there is no need for further remediation, and shall include documentation of the removal of any hazardous chemicals. Impact Haz-7 Airport Land Use Plan. The OPSP would be located within the jurisdiction of the Airport Land Use Plan for the San Francisco International Airport. According to the East of 101 area plan, the most stringent height limits in South San Francisco are south of Forbes Boulevard and Lindenville (the area between Railroad Avenue, South Spruce Avenue, and San Mateo Avenue), which is south of the site. Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 77, limits building heights to an elevation of 161 feet above mean sea level, approximately 12 to 14 stories, in the most restricted areas, increasing at a slope of 20:1 to a height of 361 feet above mean sea level. Since the tallest building portion would not exceed 161 feet in height, the OPSP would be in compliance with the Airport Land Use Plan. The impact of the OPSP on the Airport Land Use Plan is less-than-significant with no mitigation warranted. No mitigation warranted. Revised Impact Haz-7 Airport Land Use Plan. The OPSP would be located within the jurisdiction of the Airport Land Use Plan for the San Francisco International Airport. According to the East of 101 area plan, the most stringent height limits in South San Francisco are south of Forbes Boulevard and Lindenville (the area between Railroad Avenue, South Spruce Avenue, and San Mateo Avenue), which is south of the site. Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 77, limits building heights to an elevation of 161 feet above mean sea level, approximately 12 to 14 stories, in the most restricted areas, increasing at a slope of 20:1 to a height of 361 feet above mean sea level. Since the tallest building portion would not exceed 161 feet in height, Building heights in the OPSP would be in compliance with the Airport Land Use Plan. The impact of the OPSP on the Airport Land Use Plan is less-than- Same LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-74 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance significant with no mitigation warranted. Impact Haz-8: Cumulative Hazardous Impacts. The OPSP would be one of numerous sites, some of which are also existing hazardous materials sites that are anticipated to undergo development/redevelopment in the vicinity. The OPSP would contribute to a cumulative increase in the number of sites handling hazardous materials, and would result in a cumulative increase in transportation, use, disposal, and potential for exposure to and/or accidental release of hazardous materials during both construction and operations. However, the cumulative impact is expected to be slight and identified project-specific mitigation measures would reduce this impact to a less- than-significant level with no additional mitigation required. No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS Hydrology Impact Hydro-1: Potential Contamination of Off-Site Waters due to Leachate Migration. The OPSP area is located within the historical limits of the Bay. Subsurface water at the site is underlain by Bay Mud and has a low-hydraulic conductivity cap, which confines the groundwater. Based on ongoing monitoring at the site, leachate, which has elevated contaminant concentrations from the landfill material, is not migrating off- site. Re-development of the site shall require excavation of a portion of the landfill cap, and shall require deep Hydro-1: Best Management Practices (BMPs) shall be used during installation of foundation piers to reduce the potential for gaps in the subsurface confining layers around the piers. BMP requirements shall be identified in the SWPPP and shall be developed by the applicant or their authorized representative. The exact BMPs to be implemented shall depend on final pier design and type, but can include pre-drilling and grouting of concrete piers, use of hollow steel piers, or other methods to reduce the risk of displaced refuse Impact Hydro-1 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Hydro-1 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. LTS with MM revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-75 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance foundation piers which may penetrate the Bay Mud. The potential for off- site migration of leachate as a result of modification the landfill cap and underlying Bay Mud represents a potentially significant impact. creating a void in the Bay Mud layer. The proposed BMPs shall be benchmarked against the California Department of Transportation Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual (2003 and associated updates). Mitigation Measure Haz-4a: Landfill Cap Upgrades would also reduce impact Hydro-1 through repair and upgrade of the cap which will act to minimize generation of leachate. Mitigation Measure Haz-4d and 4e: Monitoring for Leachate Migration and Operation and Maintenance Activities would also reduce impact Hydro-1 through requirements for post-construction monitoring for leachate migration, with repairs to prevent migration completed on an as needed basis. Impact Hydro-2: Potential Construction and Post-construction Contamination of Bay Waters: Construction activities at the site will create temporary and long term alterations of the site terrain, creating potential erosion concerns. The migration of laboratory and parking lot pollutants into the bay could potentially impair water quality. This represents a potentially significant impact. Hydro-2: Preparation and Implementation of Project SWPPP. Pursuant to NPDES requirements, the applicant of a project under the OPSP shall develop a SWPPP to protect water quality during construction. If the SWPP will be developed after September 2, 2011, the SWPPP shall be developed by a California Qualified SWPPP Developer in accordance with the State Water Resources Control Board Construction General Permit 2009- 009-DWQ. The project SWPPP shall include, but is not limited, to the following mitigation measures for the construction period: 1) Grading and earthwork shall be Same Same LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-76 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance allowed with the appropriate SWPPP measures during the wet season (October 1 through April 30) and such work shall be stopped before pending storm events. 2) Erosion control/soil stabilization techniques such as straw mulching, erosion control blankets, erosion control matting, and hydro-seeding, shall be utilized in accordance with the regulations outlined in the Association of Bay Area Governments “Erosion & Sediment Control Measures” manual. Silt fences shall be installed down slope of all graded slopes. Hay bales shall be installed in the flow path of graded areas receiving concentrated flows and around storm drain inlets. 3) BMPs to be developed by the applicant shall be used for preventing the discharge or other construction-related NPDES pollutants beside sediment (i.e. paint, concrete, etc) to downstream waters. 4) After construction is completed, all drainage facilities shall be inspected for accumulated sediment and these drainage structures shall be cleared of debris and sediment. In accordance with the handbook C.3 Stormwater Technical Guidance, Version 2, permanent mitigation measures for CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-77 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance stormwater shall be submitted as part of project application submittals with the Planning Permit Application and the Building Permit Application. Elements that shall be addressed in the submittals include the following: 5) Description of potential sources of erosion and sediment at the OPSP area. R&D activities and significant materials and chemicals that could be used at the proposed OPSP area shall be described. This shall include a thorough assessment of existing and potential pollutant sources. 6) Identification of BMPs to be implemented at the OPSP area based on identified industrial activities and potential pollutant sources. Emphasis shall be placed on source control BMPs, with treatment controls used as needed. 7) Development of a monitoring and implementation plan. Maintenance requirements and frequency shall be carefully described including vector control, clearing of clogged or obstructed inlet or outlet structures, vegetation/landscape maintenance, replacement of media filters, etc. 8) The monitoring and maintenance program shall be conducted as described in Haz-4e. 9) Proposed pervious and impervious surfaces, including site design measures to minimize impervious DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-78 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance surfaces and promote infiltration (except where the landfill cover is present). 10) Proposed locations and approximate sizes of stormwater treatment measures. Impact Hydro-3: Erosion or Siltation On- or Off-Site. Construction of the proposed OPSP would involve demolition of existing structural foundations and will involve excavation of both landfill waste material and the earthen cap overlying the waste. Construction operations associated with the OPSP would present a threat of soil erosion from soil disturbance by subjecting unprotected bare soil areas to the erosional forces of runoff during construction activities. This represents a potentially significant impact. Hydro-3: Compliance with NPDES Requirements. Applicants for a project under the OPSP shall comply with all Phase I NPDES General Construction Activities permit requirements established by the CWA and the Grading Permit requirements of the City of South San Francisco. Erosion control measures to be implemented during construction shall be included in the project SWPPP. The project SWPPP shall accompany the NOI filing and shall outline erosion control and storm water quality management measures to be implemented during and following construction. The SWPPP shall also provide the schedule for monitoring performance. Refer to Mitigation Measure Hydro-2 for more information regarding the project SWPPP. Implementation of Phase I NPDES General Construction Activities permit requirements would reduce construction-related impacts associated with erosion and/or siltation to less-than-significant. Same Same LTS with MM Impact Hydro-4: Risk of Flooding. The OPSP is not located within the vicinity of a levee, nor in a potential flood path of a dam failure. The OPSP is located on the coast of the San Francisco Bay and therefore No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-79 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance could potentially be at risk of flooding due to climate-induced sea level rise. However, grading changes proposed as a part of the Phase I Project would reduce the potential of flooding to a less-than-significant impact. Impact Hydro-5: Inundation by Tsunami. Tsunamis, or tidal waves, are huge sea waves that are caused by seismic activity or other disturbance of the ocean floor. Portions of South San Francisco that are near the bay and low-lying are considered to be at risk for inundation by tsunami wave run-up. Wave run up is estimated at 6 feet above mean sea level for a 500- year tsunami. The margins of the OPSP area immediately border the bay waters. As such, a fringe of area is at or below 6 feet above mean sea level. However, development plans to not include development of the margins of the site that are at or below 6 feet above mean sea level. In addition, much of the shoreline of the OPSP area is protected by rip-rap to prevent damage to the shoreline by wave run-up. Consequently, this impact would be less-than-significant with no mitigation required. No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS Impact Hydro-6: Cumulative Impacts on Hydrology and Water Quality. The increased construction activity and new development resulting from the OPSP, in conjunction with other foreseeable development in the city, would result in less-than-significant impacts on hydrology and water quality conditions with no additional No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-80 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance mitigation measures necessary. Land Use No significant impact was previously identified related to land use conflicts. No mitigation warranted. New Impact Plan-1: Proposed Residential Use Conflicts with Some Policies. The proposed 2017 OPSP Update is not consistent with the current General Plan land use designation or zoning and such a change in the proposed uses at the site is not consistent with all General Plan policies, which do not promote housing in the East of 101 area. However, approval of the 2017 OPSP Update will include rezoning and General Plan amendments to bring the land use and zoning into consistency. The impact related to conflicts with plans and policies would therefore be less than significant. No mitigation warranted. NI revised to LTS Noise Impact Noise-1: Noise Levels at Proposed Uses. The OPSP will not expose persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of standard established by the City of South San Francisco. This is a less-than- significant impact. No mitigation warranted. New Impact Noise-1b: 2017 OPSP Update On-Site Impacts from Operational Equipment. When added to existing noise levels in the area, operational equipment pursuant to implementation of the 2017 OPSP Update would generate noise at proposed new residential and commercial receivers and may exceed the residential noise compatibility requirements within the Noise Element of the General Plan and interior noise requirements within Title 24, Part 2 of the California Code of Regulations. This impact is less-than-significant with mitigation. New Mitigation Measure Noise-1: Acoustical Assessment of 2017 OPSP Update Area Air Handling Equipment. An acoustical assessment shall be completed for development in the 2017 OPSP Update area to ensure that heating and cooling (e.g., HVAC) equipment is selected, designed, and installed such that exterior noise levels comply with the noise limits established in Chapter 8.32 of the SSFMC (65 dBA CNEL) and interior noise levels comply with the interior noise compatibility requirements within Title 24, Part 2 of the California Code of Regulations (45 dBA CNEL). The LTS revised to LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-81 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance acoustical assessment shall include specific recommendations for acoustic enclosures, noise barriers, or other noise-mitigating measures, if warranted. The same study also shall evaluate parking garage ventilation fans to ensure that they are designed and installed to comply with the same noise limits. If warranted, the assessment also shall specify the required orientation (i.e., acoustic directionality) of ventilation fans at parking garages, so that they are directed away from new on-site residences and existing off-site live- aboard boats. Impact Noise-2: Projected Noise Increases. Following construction, the OPSP will not create a substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above existing without the project. This is a less-than-significant impact. No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS Impact Noise-3: Cumulative Noise Increases. Traffic volumes along roadways serving the OPSP area will increase as a result of cumulative growth planned in and around the City of South San Francisco. The OPSP would not make a “cumulatively considerable” contribution to cumulative traffic noise increases at noise sensitive receptors within the OPSP area. This is a less-than-significant cumulative impact. No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS Impact Noise-4: Groundborne Vibration. The OPSP is not anticipated to expose persons to or No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-82 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels. This is a less-than-significant impact. Impact Noise-5: Construction Noise. The OPSP area includes existing sensitive receptors consisting of live- aboard boats in the marinas. In periods of construction, during construction hours, noise generated by construction on the site would substantially increase noise levels at residential land uses in the vicinity of the site temporarily above levels existing without the project. This is a significant impact. Noise-5: Construction Noise. To reduce noise levels generated by construction, the following standard construction noise control measures shall be included in all construction projects within the OPSP area. • Equip all internal combustion engine driven equipment with intake and exhaust mufflers that are in good condition and appropriate for the equipment. • Unnecessary idling of internal combustion engines should be strictly prohibited. • Locate stationary noise generating equipment such as air compressors or portable power generators as far as possible from sensitive receptors. Construct temporary noise barriers to screen stationary noise generating equipment when located near adjoining sensitive receptors. Temporary noise barriers could reduce construction noise levels by 5 dBA. • Utilize "quiet" air compressors and other stationary noise sources where technology exists. • Route all construction traffic to and from the OPSP area via designated truck routes where possible. Prohibit construction related heavy truck traffic in residential areas where feasible. • Control noise from construction Same Revised Mitigation Measure Noise- 5: Construction Noise. To reduce noise levels generated by construction, the following standard construction noise control measures shall be included in all construction projects within the OPSP area. • Equip all internal combustion engine driven equipment with intake and exhaust mufflers that are in good condition and appropriate for the equipment, and if necessary, intake and exhaust silencers. • Unnecessary idling of internal combustion engines should shall be strictly prohibited. • Locate stationary noise generating equipment such as air compressors or portable power generators as far as possible from sensitive receptors. Construct temporary noise barriers to screen stationary noise generating equipment when located near adjoining sensitive receptors. Temporary noise barriers could reduce construction noise levels by 5 dBA. • Utilize "quiet" air compressors and other stationary noise sources where technology exists. • Route all construction traffic to and from the OPSP area via designated truck routes where SU CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-83 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance workers’ radios to a point that they are not audible at existing residences bordering the OPSP area. • The contractor shall prepare and submit to the City for approval a detailed construction plan identifying the schedule for major noise-generating construction activities. • Designate a "disturbance coordinator" who would be responsible for responding to any local complaints about construction noise. The disturbance coordinator will determine the cause of the noise complaint (e.g., starting too early, bad muffler, etc.) and will require that reasonable measures warr anted to correct the problem be implemented. Conspicuously post a telephone number for the disturbance coordinator at the construction site and include it in the notice sent to neighbors regarding the construction schedule. • For pile driving activities, consider a) pre-drilling foundation pile holes to minimize the number of impacts required to seat the pile, b) using multiple pile driving rigs to expedite this phase of construction, and/or c) the use of “acoustical blankets” for receivers located within 100 feet of the site. possible. Prohibit construction related heavy truck traffic in residential areas where feasible. • Control noise from construction workers’ radios to a point that they are not audible at existing residences bordering the OPSP area. • The contractor shall prepare and submit to the City for approval a detailed construction plan identifying the schedule for major noise-generating construction activities, disturbance coordinator contact information, and noise complaint response procedures. • Designate a "disturbance coordinator" who would be responsible for responding to any local complaints about construction noise. The disturbance coordinator will determine the cause of the noise complaint (e.g., starting too early, bad muffler, etc.) and will require that reasonable measures warranted to correct the problem be implemented. Conspicuously post a telephone number for the disturbance coordinator at the construction site and include it in the notice sent to neighbors regarding the construction schedule. • For pile driving activities, where feasible, consider a) pre-drilling foundation pile holes to minimize the number of impacts required to seat the pile, b) and use using DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-84 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance multiple pile driving rigs to expedite this phase of construction, and/or c) the use of “acoustical blankets” for receivers located within 100 feet of the site. • For mobile equipment that routinely operate near residences (i.e., within approximately 200 feet), consider replacement of typical fixed, pure-tone backup alarms with ambient-sensing and/or broadband backup alarms. Impact Noise-6: Aircraft Noise. Proposed uses developed at the site would be exposed to intermittent noise from aircraft associated with San Francisco International Airport. The exterior noise environment at the OPSP area would be considered compatible with proposed sensitive uses. This is a less-than-significant impact. No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS Population, Public Services, Impact Pop-1: Indirect Population Growth. As a large employment center, build-out of both Phase I Project and the entire OPSP would indirectly induce population growth through creation of additional jobs. However, these additional jobs would help in part to correct job deficiencies region-wide and the impact would be considered less-than-significant. No mitigation warranted. Revised Impact Pop-1: Direct and Indirect Population Growth. As a large employment center and residential development, build-out of both Phase I Project and the entire OPSP would both directly and indirectly induce population growth through creation of housing and additional jobs. However, these additional jobs the inclusion of housing would help in part to correct job deficiencies local and region-wide jobs-housing imbalances and the impact would be considered less-than-significant. Same LTS The 2011 EIR identified this as an No mitigation warranted. Revised Impact Pop-2: Increased Same LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-85 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance LTS impact but had not included an impact statement. Public Service and Recreational Demand. The Project would increase the number of residents and employees at the site, which would increase the demand for public services and recreational demand. However, the Project could be adequately served with existing facilities or new facilities to be constructed per City-wide planning and the impact related to public services and recreation would be considered less than significant. Transportation and Circulation Impact Traf-1: Trip Generation Exceeds 100 Trips During Peak Hours. Both the Phase I Project and the entire OPSP would generate more than 100 net new two-way trips during the AM and PM peak hours (1,402 trips during the AM peak hour and 1,621 trips during the PM peak hour at build out of the OPSP, as shown in Table 16.19). The San Mateo City/County Association of Governments (C/CAG) Agency Guidelines for the implementation of the 2003 Draft Congestion Management Program (“C/CAG Guidelines”) specifies that local jurisdictions must ensure that the developer and/or tenants will mitigate all new peak hour trips (including the first 100 trips) projected to be generated by the development. This would be a significant impact. Traf-1: Transportation Demand Management Program. The OPSP sponsors shall implement a Transportation Demand Management (TDM) program consistent with the City of South San Francisco Zoning Ordinance Chapter 20.400 Transportation Demand Management, and acceptable to C/CAG. These programs, once implemented, must be ongoing for the occupied life of the development. The C/CAG guidelines specify the number of trips that may be credited for each TDM measure. Revised Impact Traf-1: Trip Generation Exceeds 100 Trips During Peak Hours. The 2017 OPSP Update would generate more than 100 net new two-way trips during the AM and PM peak hours (1,402 580 trips during the AM peak hour and 1,621 595 trips during the PM peak hour; see Table 16.16). The San Mateo City/County Association of Governments (C/CAG) Agency Guidelines for the implementation of the 2003 Draft Congestion Management Program (“C/CAG Guidelines”) specifies that local jurisdictions must ensure that the developer and/or tenants will mitigate all new peak hour trips (including the first 100 trips) projected to be generated by the development. This would be a significant impact. Same LTS with MM Impact Traf-2: Pedestrian Walkways. Sidewalks will be provided along Traf-2: Pedestrian Facilities. To discourage mid-block crossing, Revised Impact Traf-2: Pedestrian Walkways. Sidewalks will be Revised Traf-2: Pedestrian Facilities. To discourage mid-block crossing, LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-86 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance both sides of Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard internal to the OPSP site. Sidewalks will also be provided along both sides of all other internal roadways connecting to Marina Boulevard. The Phase I TDM Conceptual Site Plan (June 1, 2010) shows pedestrian connections between OPSP buildings and the sidewalks lining Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard. No such detail has been provided by the applicant for the other phases of development. No detail has been provided regarding pedestrian access to the Phases III & IV garage and whether pedestrian access points are proposed that could encourage midblock crossing. These would be potentially significant impacts. pedestrian flow across Oyster Point Boulevard between the Phase III & IV garage and the Phase III & IV offices shall be regulated to the following extent. • Pedestrian access shall only be allowed at the north and south ends of the garage, adjacent to signalized or all-way stop intersections. provided along both sides of Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard internal to the OPSP site. Sidewalks will also be provided along both sides of all other internal roadways connecting to Marina Boulevard. The Phase I TDM Conceptual Site Plan (June 1, 2010) shows pedestrian connections between OPSP buildings and the sidewalks lining Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard. No such detail has been provided by the applicant for the other phases of development. Pedestrian Facilities. The OPSP would result in additional local area pedestrian traffic internal and adjacent to the OPSP site, particularly along the Bay Trail, to/from OPSP restaurants and between OPSP residences and nearby employment. Sidewalks will be provided along both sides of Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard internal to the OPSP site. Sidewalks will also be provided along both sides of all other internal roadways connecting to Marina Boulevard. This would be a significant impact. pedestrian flow across Oyster Point Boulevard between the Phase III & IV garage and the Phase III & IV offices shall be regulated to the following extent.  Pedestrian access shall only be allowed at the north and south ends of the garage, adjacent to signalized or all-way stop intersections. As part of Precise Plan review and approvals, the City will ensure that development in the OPSP provides a network of sidewalks connecting Oyster Point Boulevard, Marina Boulevard and all other internal streets to all office R&D, residential, and commercial buildings. Impact Traf-3: Bicycle Lane. Class II bicycle lanes will be provided along Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard their entire lengths internal to the OPSP site. The Bay Trail bike/pedestrian path will also be completed internal to the OPSP site. The Phase I TDM conceptual site plan shows that bike parking areas No mitigation warranted. Revised Impact Traf-3: Bicycle Lane. The OPSP would result in additional local area bicycle traffic, including residents’ and employees’ use of the Bay Trail and trips to/from employment. Class II bicycle lanes will be provided along Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard their entire lengths Same LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-87 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance will be provided within the building’s garage. These would be a less-than- significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. internal to the OPSP site. The Bay Trail bike/pedestrian path will also be completed internal to the OPSP site. The Phase I TDM conceptual site plan shows that bike parking areas will be provided within the building’s garage. Internal bicycle circulation and bicycle parking areas will be provided to meet code requirements, which will be reviewed and approved as part of Precise Plan review. These would be a less-than- significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. No significant impact was previously identified related to shuttle service. No mitigation warranted. New Impact Traf-4: Shuttle Service. The OPSP will increase demand for shuttle service by employees and residents. However, required TDM Plans will identify usage of and contribution to shuttle services and increased participation in the program could improve cost efficiency of shuttle service. This would be a less-than- significant impact. Same NI revised to LTS Impact Traf-4: Year 2015 Internal Circulation. Year 2015 Base Case + Phase I Project and AM and PM peak hour volumes and roadway geometrics expected internal to the project site along Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard (with Phase I development) are presented in Figure 16 in Appendix E. Analysis has been conducted of the Oyster Point Boulevard / Marina Boulevard and Marina Boulevard / No mitigation warranted. Previous Impact Traf-4 has been deleted in entirety and replaced with the following: Revised Impact Traf-5: Internal Circulation. The realigned Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard intersection is proposed to be signalized with the realignment of those streets in the OPSP area, which will occur with Phase I development. The plan for No mitigation warranted. LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-88 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Phase I access/Bayfront parking lot intersections assuming all-way stop control at each intersection. As shown in Table 16.21 below, both intersections should operate acceptably with projected year 2015 volumes, including development of the Phase I Project. This would be a less-than-significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. other roadways and garage access looks to be generally acceptable and would be assessed on a design-level as part of standard precise plan approvals required for development projects in the OPSP area, including the 2017 OPSP Update area. This would be a less-than- significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. Impact Traf-5: Year 2035 Internal Circulation. Year 2035 Base Case + OPSP AM and PM peak hour volumes expected internal to the OPSP site along Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard (with full OPSP development) are presented in Appendix E, Figure 21, while projected roadway geometrics and control are presented in Appendix E Figure 22. Operations analysis has been conducted for the Oyster Point Boulevard / Marina Boulevard, Marina Boulevard / Phase I access / Bayfront parking lot, Oyster Point Boulevard / Phase II garage / Phases III / IV garage and Oyster Point Boulevard / North Access intersections. The north intersection includes an easterly extension of Oyster Point Boulevard to serve a secondary access to the OPSP Phases III / IV garage as well as traffic from two existing office buildings to the east of the OPSP. The western leg of the north access intersection will provide access to the Oyster Cove Marina to the west of the OPSP. Based upon an iterative analysis Traf-5: Internal Circulation System Signalization. • The OPSP applicant shall provide signals at the Oyster Point Boulevard / Marina Boulevard and Oyster Point Boulevard / Phase II Access / Phases III / IV garage access intersections when volumes are approaching warrant criteria levels. Impact reduced to a less-than- significant level. Previous Impact Traf-5 deleted in entirety and replaced with Revised Impact Traf-5, included above. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-89 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance process, it was determined that all- way stop control would only provide acceptable operation at the Marina Boulevard / Phase I and Oyster Point Boulevard / North Access intersections. Signalization would be required at the other two locations. At City request, two access options were evaluated for the OPSP Phases III / IV garage to the east of Oyster Point Boulevard. As shown, all internal intersections should function at acceptable AM and PM peak hour levels of service with the assumed geometrics and signal / all-way stop control with either Phases III / IV garage access Option 1 or 2. Failure of the applicant to provide required signalization would result in less than acceptable operation. This would be a significant impact. Impact Traf-6: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of Phase I Project traffic to year 2015 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.11). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp AM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would increase volumes by 9.11 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Base Case operation. PM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would degrade acceptable Base Case LOS D operation to unacceptable Traf-6: Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp (see Table 16.23 and Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate the Phase I Project-specific impacts. All of these improvements (other than measures to the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp, the eastbound departure and the southbound approach) are included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program. The Phase I Project shall also provide a fair share contribution towards all Previous Impact Traf-6 has been deleted in entirety and replaced with the following: Revised Impact Traf-6: Intersection Level of Service. With the exception of the Gateway Boulevard / S. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue intersection discussed in Impact Traf-6, no intersections would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to existing traffic. These would be a less-than- significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-90 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance LOS E operation. This would be a significant impact. measures currently not part of the TIP. • Adjust signal timing. • Provide an additional through lane on the Oyster Point westbound approach (extending from Veterans Boulevard) and continue to the Dubuque/U.S.101 Northbound On- Ramp intersection. • Restripe the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach from a left, 2 throughs and a combined through/right turn lane to a left, 2 throughs and an exclusive right turn lane. • Restripe the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp approach from 2 through lanes and an exclusive right turn lane to two through lanes and a combined through/right turn lane. In conjunction with this measure, add a third eastbound departure lane on Oyster Point Boulevard (not part of TIP). • Add a second exclusive right turn lane on the southbound Genentech property driveway approach (not part of TIP). Resultant 2015 Base Case + Phase I Project Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS E-79.8 seconds control delay, which is better than LOS F 91.7 seconds control delay Base Case operation. PM Peak Hour: LOS D-54.7 seconds control delay, which is acceptable operation. CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-91 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Impact Traf-7: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of Phase I Project traffic to year 2015 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.11). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Veterans Boulevard PM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would increase volumes by 12.6 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Base Case signalized operation. This would be a significant impact. Traf-7: Oyster Point Boulevard / Veterans Boulevard (see Table 16.23 and Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate the Phase I Project-specific impacts. These improvements are included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program. • Adjust signal timing. • Restripe the two-lane northbound driveway approach to provide an exclusive left turn lane and a combined left / through / right turn lane. Resultant 2015 Base Case + Phase I Project Signalized Operation: PM Peak Hour: LOS E-64.3 seconds control delay (which would be better than Base Case LOS F-88.5 seconds control delay operation) Previous Impact Traf-7 deleted in entirety and replaced with Revised Impact Traf-6, included above. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS Impact Traf-8: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of Phase I Project traffic to year 2015 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.11). • Gateway Boulevard / S. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue PM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would degrade acceptable LOS D Base Case operation to unacceptable LOS E Base Case + Phase I Project signalized operation. This would be a significant impact. Traf-8: Gateway Boulevard / S. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue. (see Table 16.23 and Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvement would mitigate the Phase I Project-specific impacts. This improvement is included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program. 1. Widen the southbound Gateway Boulevard approach to provide a second exclusive right turn lane. The approach would contain one Revised Impact Traf-87: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of Phase I Project OPSP traffic to year 2015 Base Case + Phase I Project Without OPSP existing volumes. • Gateway Boulevard / S. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue PM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would degrade acceptable LOS D Base Case operation to unacceptable LOS E Base Case + Phase I Project signalized Traf-87: Gateway Boulevard / S. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue. (see Table 16.23 and Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvement would mitigate the Phase I Project-specific OPSP impacts. This improvement is included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program. • S. Airport Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue • Widen the southbound LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-92 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance left turn lane, one through lane and 2 exclusive right turn lanes. Resultant 2015 Base Case + Phase I Project Signalized Operation: PM Peak Hour: LOS D-38.4 seconds control delay, which is acceptable operation. operation. OPSP traffic would increase PM peak hour volumes by 4.2 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS E Without OPSP operation. This would be a significant impact. Gateway Boulevard approach to provide a second exclusive right turn lane. The approach would contain one left turn lane, one through lane and 2 exclusive right turn lanes. Adjust signal timing. Resultant 2015 Base Case + Phase I Project Signalized Existing With OPSP Operation: PM Peak Hour: LOS D-38.4 E-63-7 seconds control delay, which is acceptable better operation than without OPSP conditions. Impact Traf-9: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off- ramp/approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off- ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of Phase I Project traffic to year 2015 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.12). • Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard The Phase I Project would increase volumes by 3.0 percent in the through and combined/through right turn lane on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The through lane or through/right turn lane queue would be extended from 283 to 287 feet at a location with only 250 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. Traf-9: Improvements for Vehicle Queuing. (see Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate the Phase I Project- specific impact. These improvements are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program: • Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard • Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – Oyster Point Boulevard Westbound Approach Lanes PM Peak Hour: Each westbound through lane or westbound through / right turn lane = 230 feet, which would be within the available 250 feet of storage per lane. Revised Impact Traf-98: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp/ intersection or approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of Phase I Project OPSP traffic to year 2015 Base Case existing volumes (see Table 16.12). • Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard The Phase I Project OPSP would increase PM peak hour volumes by 3.0 2.6 percent in the through and combined/ through/ right turn lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case unacceptable Existing Without OPSP 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. Revised Traf-98: Improvements for Vehicle Queuing. (see Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate the Phase I Project-specific OPSP impact on existing conditions. These improvements are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s OPSP’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program: • Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard o Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – Oyster Point Boulevard Westbound Approach Thru / Right Turn Lanes PM Peak Hour: Each The westbound through or and through / right turn lanes = 203 would have a resultant 95th percentile queue demand of 584 LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-93 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance The through lane or and through/right turn lane queue would be extended from 283 600 to 287 818 feet at a location with only 250 520 feet of storage. feet, which would be less than available 250 the Existing Without OPSP queue demand and within the available 600 feet of storage per lane available. Impact Traf-10: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of Phase I Project traffic to year 2015 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.12). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue AM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would increase volumes by 6.5 percent in the through lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach to Dubuque Avenue at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The 95th percentile vehicle queue would be extended from 309 up to about 327 feet in a location with only 250 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. Traf-10: Improvements for Vehicle Queuing. (see Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate the Phase I Project- specific impact. These improvements are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program: • Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue • Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – Oyster Point Boulevard Eastbound Approach Through Lane AM Peak Hour: Eastbound through lane queue = 206 feet, which is less than the 309-foot Base Case queue. Impact Traf-109: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp/approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of Phase I Project OPSP traffic to year 2015 Base Case existing volumes (see Table 16.12). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S. 101 Northbound On-Ramp The Phase I Project OPSP would increase AM peak hour volumes by 6.5 19.0 percent in the through right turn lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound Dubuque Avenue northbound approach to Dubuque Avenue Oyster Point Boulevard at a location with Base Case acceptable Existing Without OPSP 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The 95th percentile vehicle right turn lane queue would be extended from 309 an acceptable 448 up to about 327 554 feet at a location with only 250 460 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. Traf-109: Improvements for Vehicle Queuing. (see Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate the Phase I Project- specific OPSP impact on existing conditions. These improvements are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s OPSP’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program: • Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S. 101 Northbound On-Ramp o Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – Oyster Point Boulevard Eastbound Approach Through Lane Dubuque Avenue Northbound Right Turn Lanes AM Peak Hour: Eastbound through lane queue = The northbound right turn lanes would have a resultant 95th percentile queue demand of 206460 feet, which is less than would be equal to the 309-foot Base Case queue available 460 feet of storage. LTS with MM Impact Traf-11: Off-Ramp Queuing To Freeway Mainline During Peak Traffic Hours – SIM Traffic Traf-11: Improvements for Off-Ramp Queuing. The following improvements would mitigate the Previous Impact Traf-11 deleted in entirety and replaced with the Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-94 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Evaluation The following off-ramp would receive a significant impact with backups extending to the freeway mainline sometime during the AM peak hour due to the addition of Phase I Project traffic to year 2015 Base Case volumes. • U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off- Ramp to Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard AM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would increase volumes on the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp by 7.1 percent at a location with year 2015 Base Case off-ramp traffic occasionally backing up to the freeway mainline. This would be a significant impact. Phase I Project-specific impacts. These improvements are not included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. • U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off- Ramp to Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard (see Table 16.23 and Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate the Phase I Project- specific impacts. All of these improvements (other than measures to the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp, eastbound departure and southbound approach) are included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program. The Phase I Project shall also provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP. • Provide an additional through lane on the Oyster Point westbound approach (extending from Veterans Boulevard) and continue to the Dubuque / U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp intersection. • Adjust signal timing. • Restripe the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach from a left, 2 throughs and a combined through / right turn lane to a left, 2 throughs and an exclusive right turn lane. • Restripe the Southbound Flyover following. Revised Impact Traf-11: Off-Ramp Operation. No off-ramp would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to Existing volumes. This would be a less-than- significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-95 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Off-Ramp approach from 2 through lanes and an exclusive right turn lane to two through lanes and a combined through/right turn lane. In conjunction with this measure, add a third eastbound departure lane on Oyster Point Boulevard (not part of TIP). • Add a second exclusive right turn lane on the southbound Genentech property driveway approach (not part of TIP). Resultant Off-Ramp Queuing: AM Peak Hour: Backups to freeway mainline eliminated. Impact Traf-12: Off-Ramp Queuing To Freeway Mainline During Peak Traffic Hours – SIM Traffic Evaluation The following off-ramp would receive a significant impact with backups extending to the freeway mainline sometime during the AM peak hour due to the addition of Phase I Project traffic to year 2015 Base Case volumes. • U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp to Dubuque Avenue AM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would increase volumes on the off- ramp by 12.8 percent at a location with year 2015 Base Case off-ramp traffic occasionally backing up to the freeway mainline. This would be a significant impact. Traf-12: Improvements for Off-Ramp Queuing. (see Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate the Phase I Project- specific impacts. These improvements are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program. • U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp to Dubuque Avenue • Adjust signal timing. Resultant Off-Ramp Queuing: AM Peak Hour: Backups to freeway mainline eliminated. Previous Impact Traf-12 deleted in entirety and replaced with Revised Impact Traf-11, above. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS Impact Traf-13: Off-Ramp Operation At Mainline Diverge. The following off-ramp diverge location from the U.S.101 freeway mainline would Traf-13: Off-Ramp Operation At Mainline Diverge. • U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off- Ramp to Oyster Point Boulevard Previous Impact Traf-13 deleted in entirety and replaced with Revised Impact Traf-11, above. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. SU revised to LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-96 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance receive a significant impact due to the addition of Phase I Project traffic to year 2015 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.6). • U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off- Ramp to Oyster Point Boulevard AM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would increase volumes by 8.2 percent at a location where Base Case diverge volumes would already be exceeding 1,500 vehicles per hour (from 1,618 up to 1,750 VPH). This would be a significant impact. No improvements are feasible to mitigate Phase I Project-specific impacts. The spacing of southbound off-ramp connections to Airport Boulevard and to Oyster Point Boulevard precludes the possibility of providing a second off-ramp lane connection to southbound U.S.101 to serve the Oyster Point Boulevard southbound off-ramp. A second off- ramp lane connection to the freeway mainline would require a long (1,000-foot or longer) deceleration lane with only 300 feet of available space. There is no room for provision of this lane. Impact Traf-14: Off-Ramp Operation At Mainline Diverge. The following off-ramp diverge location from the U.S.101 freeway mainline would receive a significant impact due to the addition of Phase I Project traffic to year 2015 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.6). • U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp to Dubuque Avenue AM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would increase volumes above the 1,500 VPH limit for single lane off- ramp diverge volumes (from 1,356 up to 1,536 VPH). This would be a significant impact. Traf-14: Improvements for Off-Ramp Operation At Mainline Diverge. (see Figure 23 in Appendix E). • U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp to Dubuque Avenue • Provide a second off-ramp lane connection to the U.S.101 mainline. Off-ramp diverge capacity would be increased to at least 2,200 vehicles per hour, which would accommodate the Base Case + Phase I Project AM peak hour volume of 1,536 vehicles per hour. This measure will require the approval of Caltrans. Also, this measure is currently not included in the East of 101 Traffic Impact Fee list. It should be noted that because the improvement is within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the project, cannot guarantee that the Previous Impact Traf-14 deleted in entirety and replaced with Revised Impact Traf-11, above. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. SU revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-97 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance mitigation will be implemented While it is likely that Caltrans will implement the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this impact is considered to be significant and unavoidable. Impact Traf-15: On-Ramp Operation. Phase I Project traffic would not produce a significant impact at any on-ramp (see Table 16.7). This would be a less-than-significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. No mitigation warranted. Revised Impact Traf-1512: On- Ramp Operation. Phase I Project OPSP traffic would not produce a significant impact at any on-ramp (see Table 16.7). This would be a less-than- significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. No mitigation warranted. LTS Impact Traf-16: Freeway Mainline Operation. No U.S.101 mainline segment would receive a significant impact due to the addition of Phase I Project traffic to year 2015 Base Case volumes. Operation would remain LOS D or better at all locations (see Table 16.13). This would be a less-than-significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. No mitigation warranted. Impact Traf-1610: Freeway Mainline Operation. No U.S.101 freeway mainline segment would receive a significant impact due to the addition of Phase I Project OPSP traffic to year 2015 Base Case Existing volumes. This would be a less-than- significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. No mitigation warranted. LTS Impact Traf-17: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.16). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would Traf-17: Intersection Level of Service. There are no improvements feasible to mitigate the OPSP- specific impacts. Impact would remain significant and unavoidable. Revised Impact Traf-1716: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.16). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Revised Traf-1716: Intersection Level of Service. The following measure would provide acceptable operation, but is not included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards these measures if determined feasible by the City. • Oyster Point Boulevard / SU DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-98 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance degrade acceptable (LOS D) Base Case operation to unacceptable (LOS E) operation. This would be a significant impact. Northbound On-Ramp AM Peak Hour: OPSP traffic would degrade acceptable Without OPSP LOS D operation to an unacceptable LOS E (and increase volumes by 7.6%). PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would degrade acceptable (LOS D) Base Case operation to unacceptable (LOS E) operation. This would be a significant impact. Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp The following improvement is not included in the East of 101 TIP. A portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, and the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the following mitigation will be implemented: o Widen the south side of the Oyster Point Boulevard overpass to provide one additional eastbound through lane. Resultant 2040 With OPSP operation AM Peak Hour: LOS D-40.5 seconds delay As indicated above, because the improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented. While it is possible that Caltrans will implement the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this iImpact would remain significant and unavoidable. Impact Traf-18: Intersection Level of Service. The following improvements would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Traf-18: Intersection Level of Service (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). The following improvements would partially mitigate OPSP- specific impacts, but not reduce them Revised Impact Traf-1813: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year Revised Traf-1813: Intersection Level of Service (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). The following improvements would partially mitigate OPSP-specific impacts, but SU CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-99 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Table 16.16). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 22.7 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Base Case operation. PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 22.5 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Base Case operation. This would be a significant impact. to a level of insignificance. Some of these measures are not included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP. • Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp • Adjust signal timing. • Provide an additional through lane on the Oyster Point westbound approach (extending from Veterans Boulevard) and continue to the Dubuque/U.S.101 Northbound On- Ramp intersection. • Restripe the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach from a left, 2 throughs and a combined through/right turn lane to a left, 2 throughs and an exclusive right turn lane. • Restripe the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp approach from 2 through lanes and an exclusive right turn lane to two through lanes and a combined through/right turn lane. In conjunction with this measure, add a third eastbound departure lane on Oyster Point Boulevard (not part of TIP). • Add a second exclusive right turn lane on the southbound Genentech property driveway approach (not part of TIP). Resultant 2035 Base Case + OPSP 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.16). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Off-Ramp AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 22.7 10.0 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS E 2040 Without OPSP F Base Case operation. PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 22.5 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Base Case operation. This would be a significant impact. would not reduce them to a level of insignificance provide acceptable operation. Some of these measures are not included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP • Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Off-Ramp The following improvement is included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP): o Adjust signal timing. The following improvements are not included in the East of 101 TIP. A portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, and the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the following mitigation will be implemented: o Provide an additional through lane on the Oyster Point westbound approach (extending from Veterans Boulevard) and continue to the Dubuque/U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp intersection. Add a second right turn lane to the Gateway Boulevard northbound approach. o Restripe the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach from a left, 2 throughs and a DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-100 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS F-194 seconds control delay, which would not be better than Base Case operation (LOS F-124 seconds delay). PM Peak Hour: LOS F-118 seconds control delay, which would not be better than Base Case operation (LOS F-108 seconds delay). combined through/right turn lane to a left, 2 throughs and an exclusive right turn lane. o Restripe the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp approach from 2 through lanes and an exclusive right turn lane to two through lanes and a combined through/right turn lane. In conjunction with this measure, add a third eastbound departure lane on Oyster Point Boulevard (not part of TIP). Provide northbound right turn overlap signal phasing in conjunction with westbound left turn movements. o Add a second exclusive right turn lane on the southbound Genentech property driveway approach (not part of TIP). Widen the southbound off- ramp intersection approach to provide an additional lane. Stripe the approach to provide two through lanes, a shared through/right turn lane and an exclusive right turn lane. This measure would potentially require widening of part of the off-ramp structure. It would also require provision of a third eastbound departure lane for off-ramp traffic, which would require additional right- of-way on the southeast corner of the intersection. Resultant Base Case + OPSP 2040 With OPSP operation: CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-101 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance AM Peak Hour: LOS F-194 D-45.8 seconds control delay, which would not be better than Base Case operation (LOS F-124 seconds delay). PM Peak Hour: LOS F-118 seconds control delay, which would not be better than Base Case operation (LOS F-108 seconds delay). As indicated above, because the improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented. While it is possible that Caltrans will implement the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this iImpact would remain significant and unavoidable. Impact Traf-19: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.16). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Veterans Boulevard AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 14.4 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Base Case operation. PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would degrade acceptable (LOS D) Base Case operation to unacceptable (LOS F) operation. Traf-19: Intersection Level of Service. (see Figure 24 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate OPSP-specific impacts and reduce them to a level of insignificance. These measures are currently not included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP. • Oyster Point Boulevard / Veterans Boulevard • Restripe the northbound 2-lane private driveway approach to Previous Impact Traf-19 deleted in entirety as no significant impact was found at this intersection with the updated analysis. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-102 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance This would be a significant impact. contain an exclusive left turn lane and a combined left / through / right turn lane. • Widen the eastbound Oyster Point Boulevard approach and provide an exclusive right turn lane. Resultant 2035 Base Case + OPSP Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS D-52.6 seconds control delay, which would not be acceptable operation. PM Peak Hour: LOS D-36.8 seconds control delay, which would be acceptable operation. Impact Traf-20: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.16). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Eccles Avenue AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would degrade acceptable (LOS B) Base Case operation to unacceptable (LOS F) operation. This would be a significant impact. Traf-20: Intersection Level of Service. (see Figure 24 in Appendix E) The following improvement would mitigate OPSP-specific impacts. This measure is currently not included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP • Oyster Point Boulevard / Eccles Avenue • Provide an exclusive right turn lane on the eastbound Oyster Point Boulevard approach. Resultant 2035 Base Case + OPSP Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS C-33.3 seconds control delay, which is acceptable operation. Previous Impact Traf-20 deleted in entirety as no significant impact was found at this intersection with the updated analysis. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS Impact Traf-21: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact Traf-21: Intersection Level of Service. (see Figure 25 in Appendix E) The following improvement Previous Impact Traf-21 deleted in entirety as no significant impact was found at this intersection with Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-103 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.16). • Airport Boulevard / Grand Avenue AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 1.3 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Base Case operation. PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 1.8 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS E Base Case operation. This would be a significant impact. would partially mitigate OPSP- specific impacts, but not reduce them to a level of insignificance. This measure is currently not included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP. • Airport Boulevard / Grand Avenue • Adjust signal timing. • Restripe the 2-lane eastbound Grand Avenue approach to provide an exclusive left turn lane and a combined left / through / right turn lane. Resultant 2035 Base Case + OPSP Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS E-63.4 seconds control delay, which is better than Base Case operation (LOS F-81.6 seconds delay). PM Peak Hour: LOS E-59.6 seconds control delay, which is better than Base Case operation (LOS E-60.7 seconds delay). the updated analysis. LTS Impact Traf-22: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.16). • E. Grand Avenue / Gateway Boulevard AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 4.0 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Base Case operation. Traf-22: Intersection Level of Service. (see Figure 25 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate OPSP-specific impacts. These measures are currently not included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP. • E. Grand Avenue / Gateway Previous Impact Traf-22 deleted in entirety as no significant impact was found at this intersection with the updated analysis. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-104 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would degrade acceptable (LOS D) Base Case operation to unacceptable (LOS E) operation. This would be a significant impact. Boulevard • Restripe the southbound Gateway Boulevard approach to contain 1 left turn lane, 1 through lane, a combined through / right turn lane and an exclusive right turn lane. Also restripe the northbound Gateway Boulevard approach to contain a left turn lane, a combined through / right turn lane and an exclusive right turn lane. Resultant 2035 Base Case + OPSP Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS F-86.0 seconds control delay, which is better than Base Case operation (LOS F-121 seconds delay). PM Peak Hour: LOS D-43.1 seconds control delay, which is acceptable operation. Impact Traf-23: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.16). • E. Grand Avenue / Forbes Boulevard / Harbor Way AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 2.8 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Base Case operation. PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 4.1 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS E Base Case operation. In addition, operation would be degraded to LOS F. Traf-23: Intersection Level of Service. (see Figure 25 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate OPSP-specific impacts. These measures are currently not included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP. • E. Grand Avenue / Forbes Boulevard / Harbor Way • Adjust signal timing. • Restripe the southbound Forbes Boulevard approach to contain 2 exclusive right turn lanes, a through lane and a combined Previous Impact Traf-23 deleted in entirety as no significant impact was found at this intersection with the updated analysis. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-105 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance This would be a significant impact. through / left turn lane. • Restripe the northbound Harbor Way approach to contain 2 exclusive right turn lanes, a combined through / left turn lane and an exclusive left turn lane. Resultant 2035 Base Case + OPSP Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS D-52.2 seconds control delay, which is acceptable operation. PM Peak Hour: LOS C-24.6 seconds control delay, which is acceptable operation. Impact Traf-24: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.16). • Airport Boulevard / San Mateo Avenue / Produce Avenue PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would degrade acceptable (LOS D) Base Case operation to unacceptable (LOS E) operation. This would be a significant impact. Traf-24: Intersection Level of Service. (see Figure 25 in Appendix E) The following improvement would mitigate OPSP-specific impacts. This measure is currently not included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP. • Airport Boulevard / San Mateo Avenue / Produce Avenue • Adjust signal timing. Resultant 2035 Base Case + OPSP Operation: PM Peak Hour: LOS D-44.9 seconds control delay, which is acceptable operation. Previous Impact Traf-24 deleted in entirety as no significant impact was found at this intersection with the updated analysis. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS Impact Traf-25: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Traf-25: Intersection Level of Service. (see Figure 25 in Appendix E) The following improvement would mitigate OPSP-specific impacts. This measure is currently Previous Impact Traf-25 deleted in entirety as no significant impact was found at this intersection with the updated analysis. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. LTS with MM revised to LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-106 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Table 16.16). • S. Airport Boulevard / U.S.101 Northbound Hook Ramps / Wondercolor Lane AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 2.4 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS E Base Case operation. This would be a significant impact. not included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP. • S. Airport Boulevard / U.S.101 Northbound Hook Ramps / Wondercolor Lane • Adjust signal timing. Resultant 2035 Base Case + OPSP Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS D-54.9 seconds control delay, which is acceptable operation. No significant impact was previously identified at this intersection under future year conditions. No mitigation warranted. New Impact Traf-13: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2040 Without OPSP volumes. • Forbes Boulevard / Allerton Avenue AM Peak Hour: OPSP traffic would degrade operation from an acceptable LOS D to an unacceptable LOS E. PM Peak Hour: OPSP traffic would increase volumes by 4 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS E Without OPSP operation. This would be a significant impact. New Traf-13: Intersection Level of Service. The following improvement would mitigate project-specific impacts. This measure is currently included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The project shall provide a fair share contribution towards this measure. • Forbes Boulevard / Allerton Avenue  Signalize the intersection. Resultant 2040 + 2017 OPSP Update Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS D-53.4 seconds control delay. PM Peak Hour: LOS D-36-3 seconds control delay. LTS revised to LTS with MM No significant impact was previously identified at this intersection under future year conditions. No mitigation warranted. New Impact Traf-14: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year New Traf-14: Intersection Level of Service. The following measures are not included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation LTS revised to SU CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-107 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance 2040 Without OPSP volumes. • Forbes Boulevard / Gull Road AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 3.1 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Without OPSP operation. This would be a significant impact. Improvement Program (TIP). • Forbes Boulevard / Gull Road The following improvement is not included in the East of 101 TIP. Given the location of the additional eastbound lane and its close proximity to surrounding development, including a City Pump Station, and due to constraints of adjacent bike lanes and landscaping, the following improvement is not feasible: • The addition of a second eastbound lane on the Forbes Boulevard approach and a second eastbound departure lane would improve operation to an acceptable level. Resultant 2040 With OPSP operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS D-54.2 seconds delay While the above improvement would reduce the impact to less-than- significant, such mitigation is not feasible due to site constraints listed above. This impact would remain significant and unavoidable. No significant impact was previously identified at this intersection under future year conditions. No mitigation warranted. New Impact Traf-15: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2040 Without OPSP volumes. • Forbes Boulevard / Allerton Avenue AM Peak Hour: OPSP traffic would degrade operation from an acceptable LOS D to an New Traf-15: Intersection Level of Service. The following improvement would mitigate project-specific impacts. This measure is currently included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the OPSP traffic impact fee contribution to this program. • Forbes Boulevard / Allerton Avenue LTS revised to LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-108 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance unacceptable LOS E. PM Peak Hour: OPSP traffic would increase volumes by 2.7 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS E Without OPSP operation. This would be a significant impact. o Signalize the intersection. o Add a third lane to the Forbes Boulevard eastbound approach. Stripe the approach with single left, through and right turn lanes. Resultant 2040 With OPSP Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS C-24.9 seconds control delay. PM Peak Hour: LOS C-22.8 seconds control delay. Impact Traf-26: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp or approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.17). • Oyster Point Blvd. / Gateway Blvd. / U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 54.6 percent in the through lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach to Gateway Boulevard and increase the 95th percentile queue above available storage. The 95th percentile vehicle queue would be extended from 756 up to about 1,200 feet with only 900 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. Traf-26: Vehicle Queuing (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). The following improvements would partially mitigate OPSP-specific impacts, but not reduce them to a level of insignificance. All of these improvements (other than measures to the Southbound Flyover Off- Ramp, the eastbound departure and the southbound approach) are included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The OPSP shall also provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP. • Oyster Point Blvd. / Gateway Blvd. / U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp • Adjust signal timing. • Provide an additional through lane on the Oyster Point westbound approach (extending from Veterans Boulevard) and continue to the Dubuque/U.S.101 Northbound On- Ramp intersection. Revised Impact Traf-2617: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp or approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.17). • Oyster Point Blvd. / Gateway Blvd. / U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 54.610.4 percent in the through lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach to Gateway Boulevard and increase the 95th percentile queue above available storage. The 95th percentile vehicle queues would be extended from 756 3,160 up to about 1,200 3,608 feet with only 900 2,800 feet of storage (total all lanes). Revised Traf-2617: Vehicle Queuing (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). The following improvements would partially mitigate OPSP-specific impacts provide acceptable operation, but not reduce them to a level of insignificance. These measures are not all included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The OPSP shall also provide fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP. • Oyster Point Blvd. / Gateway Blvd. / U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp The following improvement is included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP): o Adjust signal timing. The following improvements are not included in the East of 101 TIP. A portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ SU CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-109 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance • Restripe the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach from a left, 2 throughs and a combined through/right turn lane to a left, 2 throughs and an exclusive right turn lane. • Restripe the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp approach from 2 through lanes and an exclusive right turn lane to two through lanes and a combined through/right turn lane. In conjunction with this measure, add a third eastbound departure lane on Oyster Point Boulevard (not part of TIP). • Add a second exclusive right turn lane on the southbound Genentech property driveway approach (not part of TIP). Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing: AM Peak Hour: Eastbound through 95th percentile queue would be reduced to 1,102 feet, which would not be less than the Base Case queue of 756 feet. This would be a significant impact. jurisdiction, and the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the following mitigation will be implemented: o Provide an additional through lane on the Oyster Point westbound approach (extending from Veterans Boulevard) and continue to the Dubuque/U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp intersection. Add a second right turn lane to the Gateway Boulevard northbound approach. o Restripe the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach from a left, 2 throughs and a combined through/right turn lane to a left, 2 throughs and an exclusive right turn lane. o Restripe the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp approach from 2 through lanes and an exclusive right turn lane to two through lanes and a combined through/right turn lane. In conjunction with this measure, add a third eastbound departure lane on Oyster Point Boulevard (not part of TIP).Provide northbound right turn overlap signal phasing in conjunction with westbound left turn movements. o Add a second exclusive right turn lane on the southbound Genentech property driveway approach (not part of TIP). DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-110 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Widen the southbound off- ramp intersection approach to provide an additional lane. Stripe the approach to provide two through lanes, a shared through/right turn lane and an exclusive right turn lane. This measure would potentially require widening of part of the off-ramp structure. It would also need provision of three eastbound departure lanes for off-ramp traffic, which would require additional right-of-way on the southeast corner of the intersection. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle 2040 With OPSP Queuing AM Peak Hour: The Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound through approach lanes 95th percentile queue would be reduced to 1,102 2,604 feet, which would not be within less than the Base Case queue of 756 feet available storage of 2,800 feet. As indicated above, because the improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented. While it is possible that Caltrans will implement the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this iImpact would remain significant and unavoidable. CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-111 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Impact Traf-27: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off- ramp/approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off- ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.17). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 14.2 percent in the through lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach to Dubuque Avenue at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The eastbound through lane queue would be extended from 586 up to 637 feet at a location with only 250 feet of storage. In addition, the queue lanes on the northbound Dubuque Avenue approach to Oyster Point Boulevard would be increased beyond available storage (from 78 up to about 351 feet at a location with only 210 feet of available storage). PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 21.9 percent on the Oyster Point eastbound approach to Dubuque Avenue at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The eastbound through lane queue would be extended from 302 up to 376 feet at a location with only 250 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. Traf-27: Vehicle Queuing. No improvements are feasible to mitigate OPSP-specific impacts. Revised Impact Traf-2718: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp/approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.17). • Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On- Ramp/ U.S.101 Northbound On- Ramp AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 14.2 1.8 percent in the through lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach to Dubuque Avenue at a location with unacceptable Without OPSP Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The eastbound through lane queue storage demand would be extended from 586 1,094 up to 637 1,599 feet at a location with only 250 725 feet of total storage. In addition, the queue lanes on the northbound Dubuque Avenue approach to Oyster Point Boulevard would be increased beyond available storage The OPSP would also increase volumes by 16.2 percent in the northbound Dubuque Avenue right turn lanes where the Without OPSP 95th percentile queue demand would already be exceeding available storage (from 78 1,288 up to 351 1,572 feet at a location with only 250 460 feet of Revised Traf-2718: Vehicle Queuing. No improvements are feasible to mitigate OPSP-specific impacts. The following improvement would provide acceptable operation, but is not included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The OPSP shall also provide fair share contribution towards this measure if determined feasible by the City. • Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp The following improvement is not included in the East of 101 TIP. A portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, and the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the following mitigation will be implemented: o Widen the south side of the Oyster Point Boulevard overpass to provide one additional eastbound through lane. Resultant 2040 With OPSP operation AM & PM Peak Hours – All lanes with significant impacts would have 95th percentile queuing reduced to less than without OPSP conditions. As indicated above, because the improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the SU DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-112 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance total storage). PM Peak Hour: The Oyster Point Boulevard The eastbound approach through lanes queues would be extended have 95th percentile storage demand increased above available storage (from 302 685 up to 376 756 feet with 250 725 feet of total storage). In addition, the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach left turn lane would have 95th percentile storage demand increased above available storage (from 1,340 up to 1,460 feet with 1,375 feet of total storage). This would be a significant impact. mitigation will be implemented. While it is possible that Caltrans will implement the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this impact would remain significant and unavoidable Impact Traf-28: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off- ramp/approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off- ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.17). Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 7.1 percent in the left turn lane on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The left turn lane queue would be extended from 256 up to 273 feet at a location with only 140 feet of storage. PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would Traf-28: Improvements for Vehicle Queuing. (see Figure 24 in Appendix E) The following improvement would mitigate the OPSP-specific impact. This improvement is included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the OPSP’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program: • Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard • Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – Oyster Point Boulevard Westbound Approach Lanes AM Peak Hour: Left turn lane queue = 242 feet, with a Base Case 95th percentile queue of 250 feet. PM Peak Hour: Left turn lane queue = 506 feet, with a Base Case 95th Revised Impact Traf-2819: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp/ or approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.17). • Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 7.1 percent in the left turn lane on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The left turn Revised Traf-2819: Vehicle Queuing (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). The following improvement would mitigate the OPSP-specific impact. This improvement is included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the OPSP’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program. • Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard o Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – Oyster Point Boulevard Westbound Approach Thru / Right Turn Lanes AM Peak Hour: Left turn lane queue = 242 feet, with a Base Case 95th percentile queue of 250 feet. PM Peak Hour: Left turn lane queue = 506 feet, with a Base Case 95th LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-113 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance increase volumes by 3.2 percent in the left turn lane on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The left turn lane queue would be extended from 524 up to 542 feet at a location with only 140 feet of storage. In addition, the OPSP would increase volumes by 10.5 percent in the through lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The through lane queue would be extended from 415 to 447 feet at a location with only 250 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. percentile queue of 524 feet. Each through lane queue = 280 feet, with a Base Case 95th percentile queue of 415 feet. lane queue would be extended from 256 up to 273 feet at a location with only 140 feet of storage. PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 3.2 2.5 percent in the left through and through/right turn lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The left turn lane queue would be extended from 524 up to 542 feet at a location with only 140 feet of storage. In addition, the OPSP would increase volumes by 10.5 percent in the through lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case unacceptable Without OPSP 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The through/right turn lane queue would be extended from 415 1,906 to 447 2,024 feet at a location with only 250 520 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. percentile queue of 524 feet. Each through lane queue = 280 feet, with a Base Case 95th percentile queue of 415 feet. AM & PM Peak Hours – All lanes with significant impacts would have 95th percentile queuing reduced to less than without OPSP conditions. Impact reduced to a less-than- significant level. No significant impact was previously identified at this intersection under future year conditions. No mitigation warranted. New Impact Traf-20: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp or approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2040 Without OPSP volumes. • South Airport Boulevard / New Traf-20: Improvements for Vehicle Queuing. The following improvements would mitigate the OPSP impact. These improvements are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the OPSP’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program. • South Airport Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / Mitchell LTS revised to LTS with MM DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-114 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance Gateway Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 12.5 percent in the left turn lane on the S. Airport Boulevard eastbound approach to Gateway Boulevard and increase the 95th percentile queue from 195 up to about 245 feet with only 170 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. Avenue o Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – S. Airport Boulevard eastbound left turn lane. AM Peak Hour: The eastbound left turn lane would have a resultant 95th percentile queue demand of 216 feet, which would be less than without OPSP operation. Impact reduced to a less-than- significant level. Impact Traf-29: Off-Ramp Queuing To Freeway Mainline During Peak Traffic Hours - SIM traffic evaluation. The following off-ramp would receive a significant impact with backups extending to the freeway mainline sometime during one or both peak hours due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes. • U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp to S. Airport Boulevard / Wondercolor Lane AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes on the off-ramp by 2.9 percent at a location with year 2035 Base Case off-ramp traffic occasionally backing up to the freeway mainline. This would be a significant impact. Traf-29: Off-Ramp Queuing. No improvements are feasible to mitigate OPSP-specific impacts. Previous Impact Traf-29 deleted in entirety as no significant impact was found at this intersection with the updated analysis. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. SU revised to LTS Impact Traf-30: Off-Ramp Queuing To Freeway Mainline During Peak Traffic Hours. SIM Traffic evaluation The following off-ramp would receive a significant impact with backups extending to the freeway mainline Traf-30: Vehicle Queuing. No improvements are feasible to mitigate the OPSP-specific impact. Measures recommended in Traf-28 would reduce off-ramp queuing. However, backups would continue to Previous Impact Traf-30 deleted in entirety as no significant impact was found at this intersection with the updated analysis. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. SU revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-115 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance sometime during one or both peak hours due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes. • U.S.101 Southbound Off-Ramp to Oyster Point Boulevard AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 16.6 percent at a location with year 2035 Base Case off-ramp traffic occasionally backing up to the freeway mainline. This would be a significant impact. occasionally extend to the freeway mainline during the AM peak hour. Impact Traf-31: Off-Ramp Queuing To Freeway Mainline During Peak Traffic Hours. SIM Traffic evaluation The following off-ramp would receive a significant impact with backups extending to the freeway mainline sometime during one or both peak hours due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes. • U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp to Dubuque Avenue AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 28.9 percent at a location with year 2035 Base Case off-ramp traffic occasionally backing up to the freeway mainline. PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 18.5 percent at a location with year 2035 Base Case off-ramp traffic occasionally backing up to the freeway mainline. This would be a significant impact. Traf-31: Vehicle Queuing. No improvements are feasible to mitigate the OPSP-specific impact. Previous Impact Traf-31 deleted in entirety as no significant impact was found at this intersection with the updated analysis. Deleted. No mitigation warranted. SU revised to LTS Impact Traf-32: Off-Ramp Queuing To Freeway Mainline During Peak Traffic Hours. SIM Traffic evaluation Traf-32: Vehicle Queuing. No improvements are feasible to mitigate the OPSP-specific impact. Previous Impact Traf-32 deleted in entirety and replaced with the following: Deleted. No mitigation warranted. SU revised to LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-116 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance The following off-ramp would receive a significant impact with backups extending to the freeway mainline sometime during one or both peak hours due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes. • U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp to E. Grand Avenue / Executive Drive Intersection AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 1.7 percent at a location with year 2035 Base Case off-ramp traffic occasionally backing up to the freeway mainline. The primary reason for the backup would be congestion at downstream intersections along E. Grand Avenue. This would be a significant impact. Revised Impact Traf-21: On- and Off-Ramp Operation. Other than as indicated in Traf-21, no on- or off- ramp would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to 2040 Without OPSP volumes. This would be a less-than- significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. Impact Traf-33: Off-Ramp Operation At Mainline Diverge. The analysis concluded that there would be a significant impact at the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp Diverge to the Oyster Point / Gateway Boulevard intersection due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.6). AM peak hour volumes would be increased by 16.6 percent (from 2,107 up to 2,456 vehicles per hour) at a location where Base Case volumes would already be exceeding the off- ramp diverge capacity of 1,500 vehicles per hour. This would be a significant impact. Traf-33: Improvement to Diverge Capacity – U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp to Oyster Point Boulevard No improvements are feasible to mitigate OPSP-specific impacts. The spacing of southbound off-ramp connections to Airport Boulevard and to Oyster Point Boulevard precludes the possibility of providing a second off-ramp lane connection to southbound U.S.101 to serve the Oyster Point Boulevard southbound off-ramp. A second off-ramp lane connection to the freeway mainline would require a long (1,000-foot or longer) deceleration lane with only 300 feet of available space. There is no room for provision of this lane. Previous Impact Traf-33 deleted in entirety and replaced with Revised Impact Traf-21 (see above). Deleted. No mitigation warranted. SU revised to LTS Impact Traf-34: Off-Ramp Operation Traf-34: Improvement to Diverge Previous Impact Traf-33 deleted in Deleted. No mitigation warranted. SU CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-117 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance At Mainline Diverge. The analysis concluded that there would be a significant impact at the Northbound Off-Ramp Diverge to the Dubuque Avenue due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.6). AM peak hour volumes would be increased by 28.7 percent (from 1,556 up to 2,002 vehicles per hour) at a location where Base Case volumes would already be exceeding the off-ramp diverge capacity of 1,500 vehicles per hour. This would be a significant impact. Capacity U.S.101 Northbound Off- Ramp to Dubuque Avenue. The following improvements would mitigate the OPSP-specific impact (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). Provide a second off-ramp lane connection to the U.S.101 mainline. Off-ramp diverge capacity would be increased to at least 2,200 vehicles per hour, which would accommodate the Base Case + OPSP AM peak hour volume of 1,556 vehicles per hour. This measure will require the approval of Caltrans. Also, this measure is currently not included in the East of 101 TIP. Therefore, the OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards this measure. It should be noted that because the improvement is within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented While it is likely that Caltrans will implement the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this impact is considered to be significant and unavoidable. entirety and replaced with Revised Impact Traf-21 (see above). revised to LTS Impact Traf-35: On-Ramp Operation. The analysis concluded that there would be a significant impact at the Northbound On-Ramp from Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.7). PM peak hour volumes Traf-35: Improvement to On-Ramp Capacity Northbound On-Ramp from Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). Provision of a second on-ramp lane would increase capacity to about 3,000 to 3,100 vehicles per hour. This measure will require the Revised Impact Traf-3522: On- Ramp Operation. The analysis concluded that there would be a significant impact at the Northbound On-Ramp from Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Revised Traf-3522: Improvement to On-Ramp Capacity Northbound On- Ramp from Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). Provision of a second on-ramp lane would increase capacity to about 3,000 to 3,100 vehicles per hour. This measure will SU DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-118 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance would be increased by 17.0 percent (from 2,190 up to 2,563 vehicles per hour) at a location where Base Case volumes would be just less than the on-ramp capacity of 2,200 vehicles per hour. This would be a significant impact. approval of Caltrans. Also, this measure is currently not included in the East of 101 TIP. Therefore, the OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards this measure. It should be noted that because the improvement is within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented While it is likely that Caltrans will implement the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this impact is considered to be significant and unavoidable. There are no other physical improvements possible acceptable to Caltrans to accommodate the Base Case + OPSP volume of about 2,563 vehicles per hour. Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.7). PM peak hour volumes would be increased by 17.0 about 4.8 percent (from 2,190 2,482 up to 2,563 2,602 vehicles per hour) at a location where Base Case Without OPSP volumes would already be just less greater than the on-ramp capacity of 2,200 vehicles per hour. This would be a significant impact. require the approval of Caltrans. Also, this measure is currently not included in the East of 101 TIP. Therefore, the OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards this measure. It should be noted that because the improvement is within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented While it is likely possible that Caltrans will implement the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this impact is considered to be significant and unavoidable. There are no other physical improvements possible acceptable to Caltrans to accommodate a Base Case 2040 With OPSP volume of about 2,563 2,602 vehicles per hour. Impact would remain significant and unavoidable. Impact Traf-36: On-Ramp Operation. The analysis concluded that there would be a significant impact at the Southbound On-Ramp from Dubuque Avenue due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.7). PM peak hour volumes would be increased by 11.5 percent (from 1,906 up to 2,125 vehicles per hour) at a location where Base Case volumes would be just less than the on-ramp capacity of 2,000 Traf-36: Improvement to On-Ramp Capacity Southbound On-Ramp from Dubuque Avenue (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). This OPSP should provide a fair share contribution as determined by the City Engineer to the following measure. Provide a second on-ramp lane connection to the U.S.101 freeway. On-ramp capacity would be increased from 2,000 up to 3,000 vehicles per hour, with a Base Case + Previous Impact Traf-36 deleted in entirety and replaced with Revised Impact Traf-21 (see above). Deleted. No mitigation warranted. SU revised to LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-119 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance vehicles per hour. This would be a significant impact. OPSP PM peak hour volume of about 2,125 vehicles per hour. This measure will require the approval of Caltrans. Also, this measure is currently not included in the East of 101 TIP. Therefore, the OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards this measure. It should be noted that because the improvement is within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented While it is likely that Caltrans will implement the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this impact is considered to be significant and unavoidable. Impact Traf-37: Freeway Mainline Operation. One U.S.101 mainline segments would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case volumes (see Table 16.18). • U.S.101 Southbound (to the north of the Oyster Point interchange) AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 3.6 percent (from 9,698 up to 10,047 vehicles per hour) at a location with unacceptable LOS F year 2035 Base Case operation. This would be a significant impact. Traf-37: Improvement to Freeway Mainline. Mitigation of this impact would require widening the current freeway or construction of a new freeway. Given the location of the mainline freeway and its close proximity to surrounding development, such mitigation is not feasible. Additionally, such mitigation would be prohibitively expensive in relation to the types of land uses it would benefit. Given these specific concerns, mitigation of Impact 14A is not feasible as defined by CEQA. Revised Impact Traf-3723: Freeway Mainline Operation. One No U.S.101 mainline segment would receive a significant impact during the AM peak hour due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes, while one segment would receive a significant impact during the PM peak hour (see Table 16.18). • U.S.101 South Northbound (to the north of the Oyster Point interchange) AM PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 3.6 1.3 percent (from 9,698 up to 10,047 11,634 up to 11,787 vehicles per hour) at a location with Revised Traf-3723: Improvement to Freeway Mainline. Mitigation of this impact would require widening the current freeway or construction of a new freeway. Given the location of the mainline freeway and its close proximity to surrounding development, such mitigation is not feasible. Additionally, such mitigation would be prohibitively expensive in relation to the types of land uses it would benefit. Given these specific concerns, mitigation of this Iimpact 14A is not feasible as defined by CEQA. Impact would remain significant and unavoidable. SU DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-120 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance unacceptable LOS F year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP operation. This would be a significant impact. Utilities Impact Util-1: Increased Water Demand. Build-out of the OPSP area would increase water demand and use of the local water system. However, according to the Water Supply Assessment and Utilities Study, there is sufficient water supply through the year 2030, including the increased demand from the OPSP, and adequate water system capacity. This is a less- than-significant impact. No mitigation warranted. Revised Impact Util-1: Increased Water Demand. Build-out of the OPSP area would increase water demand and use of the local water system. However, according to the Water Supply Assessment and Utilities Study Municipal Services Assessment, there is sufficient water supply through the year 20302040, including the increased demand from the OPSP, and adequate water system capacity assuming adequate on-site improvements. This is a less-than- significant impact. Same LTS Impact Util-2: Exceed Existing Pump Station and Subtrunk Wastewater Capacity. The additional wastewater flows from the construction of the total OPSP will exceed the hydraulic capacities of the existing Oyster Point Subtrunk, and Pump Station No. 2. The inadequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand of the wastewater subtrunk and pump station is a potentially significant impact. Util-2a: Upsize Pump Station No. 2. To provide the required sewer capacity for the Plan, Pump Station No. 2 will need to be upsized to a firm capacity of 1.6. The Sewer Master Plan includes expanding Pump Station No. 2. Improvements under the Sewer Master Plan are funded through a flat-rate sewer connection fee for new development and a monthly impact fee. The amount of the impact fee is based on the quantity (flow) of wastewater generated. The occupants of the proposed OPSP development shall pay the sanitary sewer fees imposed by the City of South San Francisco in order to mitigate the cost of the pump station upgrade Same Same LTS with MM CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-121 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance necessary to manage the wastewater flows generated by the OPSP. Util-2b: Oyster Point Subtrunk Replacement. To provide the required sewer capacity, the Oyster Point Subtrunk will need to be replaced with a larger sized trunk line, with sizes ranging from 12, 15, and 18-inches. The majority of these improvements are included in the Sewer Master Plan and are funded through a flat- rate sewer connection fee for new development and a monthly impact fee. The amount of the impact fee is based on the quantity (flow) of wastewater generated. The occupants of the proposed OPSP shall pay the sanitary sewer fees imposed by the City of South San Francisco in order to mitigate the cost of the sewer system upgrades necessary to manage the wastewater flows generated by the OPSP. An additional 700 feet of 8-inch diameter sewer trunk from Eccles Avenue to Gull Road needs to be upsized to a 12-inch diameter trunk sewer. This segment of sewer trunk was not included in the recommendations in the Sewer Master Plan. The applicants shall either work with the City to include this improvement in an Sewer Master Plan update or directly fund their fair share of the improvement. Impact Util-3: Increased Wastewater Treatment Demand. Build-out of the No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-122 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance OPSP area would increase wastewater flows and increase demand at the South San Francisco-San Bruno Water Quality Control Plant. However, according to the South San Francisco/San Bruno Water Quality Control Plant Draft Facilities Plan Update, there is sufficient capacity through the year 2030, including a reserve capacity for flows from the East of 101 area. As the wastewater treatment plant has adequate capacity to serve the OPSP’s projected demand, this increased demand is a less-than-significant impact. Impact Util-4: Increased Impervious Area. OPSP area build-out will increase the impervious area by two acres, or 2.6 percent, which could result in increased stormwater flows and/or runoff not meeting treatment requirements, without appropriate on- site controls. However, the potential for increased flows will be mitigated through required compliance with the NPDES permit process, which will require such controls. Additionally, stormwater controls are proposed to meet or exceed LEED standards. The OPSP would not require additional off-site storm water facilities or fail to meet treatment requirements. This is a less-than-significant impact. No mitigation warranted. Revised Impact Util-4: Increased Impervious Area. OPSP area build- out will increase the impervious area by two 2.9 acres, or 2.6 3.6 percent, which could result in increased stormwater flows and/or runoff not meeting treatment requirements, without appropriate on-site controls. However, the potential for increased flows will be mitigated through required compliance with the NPDES permit process, which will require such controls. Additionally, stormwater controls are proposed to meet or exceed LEED standards. The OPSP would not require additional off- site storm water facilities or fail to meet treatment requirements. This is a less-than-significant impact. Same LTS Impact Util-5: Increased Solid Waste Disposal Demand. The OPSP would increase solid waste generation at the site but would be served by a landfill No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND IMPACT OVERVIEW 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 2-123 2011 OPSP Impacts 2011 OPSP Mitigation Measures 2017 OPSP Update Impacts 2017 OPSP Update Mitigation Measures Level of Significance with sufficient permitted capacity to accommodate the OPSP’s solid waste disposal needs, and would not impede the ability of the City to meet the applicable federal, state and local statutes and regulations related to solid waste. The OPSP would have a less-than-significant impact with no mitigation warranted. Impact Util-6: Increased Energy Consumption. The OPSP would have an incremental increase in the demand for gas and electrical power given the increase in development in the OPSP area. However, the OPSP is expected to be served with existing capacity and would not require or result in construction of new energy facilities or expansion of existing off-site facilities and would not violate applicable federal, state and local statutes and regulations relating to energy standards. Additionally, buildings in the OPSP are proposed to meet or exceed LEED standards. The OPSP would have a less-than- significant impact relating to energy consumption with no mitigation warranted. No mitigation warranted. Same Same LTS DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 2-124 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page intentionally left blank. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 3-1 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION The 2011 OPSP was previously approved and the 2011 EIR certified for the entire OPSP area. The Oyster Point Specific Plan Appendix + Design Guidelines dated February 23, 2011 was prepared to implement and refine the policies of the General Plan and the Design Element of the East 101 Area Plan. The City Council of the City of South San Francisco approved the Plan Appendix and Design Guidelines on March 23, 2011. Changes to the development plan for a portion of the OPSP area are currently being proposed. This chapter describes the portion of the OPSP that is encompassed by the 2017 OPSP Update, including the location, site conditions and existing uses, as well as the objectives, and required approvals. Specific elements of the OPSP and how these are proposed to be changed with the 2017 OPSP Update are detailed. As described in more detail below, the 2017 OPSP Update is the “project” for purposes of this SEIR. OYSTER POINT SPECIFIC PLAN LOCATION AND 2017 OPSP UPDATE AREA The 2017 OPSP Update area is a portion of the larger OPSP area. The approximately 85-acre OPSP site is located about 3/4 of a mile east of U.S. 101, at the eastern end (Bay side) of Oyster Point and Marina Boulevards. The OPSP is part of the City of South San Francisco’s “East of 101” planning area, the traditional and continued core of South San Francisco’s industrial and technological businesses, including bioscience offices. The East of 101 area consists of roughly 1,700 acres of land bound by San Francisco Bay on the east side, U.S. 101 and railway lines on the west, the City of Brisbane and San Francisco Bay on the north, and San Francisco International Airport on the south. The area has a mix of land uses, including industry, warehousing, retail, offices, hotels, marinas, and bioscience research and development facilities. The area is also currently separated from most of South San Francisco’s residential uses by U.S. 101 (the closest of which are about 3,500 feet to the west) though some live- aboard boats are permitted at the two marinas located on Oyster Point and Oyster Cove marinas in the OPSP area. The currently proposed 2017 OPSP Update encompasses the northern approximately 35 acres of the 85-acre OPSP area, including the areas identified in the 2011 EIR as Phases II, III, and IV. The location of the 2017 OPSP Update area within the larger full OPSP area and vicinity are shown in Figure 3.1. SITE CONDITIONS AND EXISTING USES The OPSP area includes areas commonly known as the Oyster Point Business Park and the Oyster Point Marina area. The 2017 OPSP Update area is mostly the same as the existing Oyster Point Business Park area, except that a small portion of the area currently considered part of the Oyster Point Marina would also be added as part of the roadway realignment proposed in the 2011 OPSP and DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 3-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE expected to proceed soon as part of Phase I development separate from this 2017 OPSP Update. Phase I development and roadway realignment would also involve removal of landfill refuse from the Phase II site. The Oyster Point Business Park encompasses 25 net acres of the OPSP area (not counting roadways). It is a privately owned series of five single-story light-industrial buildings at 375/377, 379, 384, 385 and 389 Oyster Point Boulevard that were developed in the early 1980s totaling 403,212 square feet of space with surrounding parking (see Figure 3.2). Currently, these buildings are occupied by a variety of light industrial, office, and Research and Development (R&D) tenants. The Oyster Cove Marina is privately owned and located to the west of the Oyster Point Business Park; it contains 235 berths. The 48-acre area known as the Oyster Point Marina area fills the remainder of the OPSP area other than roadway elements, which complete the 85-acre area. The Oyster Point Marina area is outside the boundary of the 2017 OPSP update, with the exception of a small portion of this area that will become part of Phase II within the 2017 OPSP Update area as part of the roadway realignment planned in the 2011 OPSP and occurring as part of Phase I development prior to this 2017 OPSP Update. This land served as a municipal landfill for the City of South San Francisco from 1956 until it stopped accepting waste in 1970 and received regulatory closure in 1977. The Oyster Point Marina area is owned by the City of South San Francisco and managed through a Joint Powers Agreement with the San Mateo County Harbor District. Currently, this area hosts a variety of uses including a dry boat storage area, a marine support services building, two small office buildings, a 30-room inn and banquet hall, a bait and tackle shop, a boat and motor mart and a yacht club, all totaling 74,360 square feet. The Oyster Point Marina is located on the north side of the Oyster Point Marina area and contains approximately 465 berths, a boat ramp, fuel dock, fishing pier, and the South San Francisco Ferry Terminal with service to/from the East Bay. The remaining area is vacant or serves as parking for the docks, boat ramp, and the Bay Trail at the Oyster Point Marina area (see Figure 3.2). CHANGES TO SITE CONDITIONS FROM THE 2011 EIR The ferry terminal at the Oyster Point Marina was not yet constructed during the 2011 EIR, but was a known project that was assumed would be in place during OPSP build-out. Site conditions otherwise remain generally unchanged except that vacancies in site buildings have increased as redevelopment of the site approaches. OPSP Phase I office/R&D development has been approved and Phase I development would include the roadway realignment, landfill refuse relocation, and construction of Crescent Beach and Park, though construction had not yet begun during preparation of this SEIR. 2017 OYSTER POINT SPECIFIC PLAN UPDATE DESCRIPTION 2011 OPSP DEVELOPMENT ASSUMPTIONS IN THE UPDATE AREA The 2011 OPSP originally envisioned a total of 1,750,000 square feet of private office/R&D development across Phases II, III, and IV (the area subject to the 2017 OPSP Update), with approximately 500,000 to 700,000 square feet of development in each phase. 2017 OPSP UPDATE DEVELOPMENT ASSUMPTIONS As it is proposed, the OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update in that area, is shown on Figure 3.3. Development assumptions in the 2017 OPSP Update area and the change from those in the 2011 OPSP are shown in Table 3.1. A detailed breakdown is included in the following subsections. CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 3-3 Table 3.1: Comparison of Development Assumptions in the OPSP Update Area 2011 OPSP 2017 OPSP Update Use Size Use Size Office/R&D (Phase II) 1,750,000 sq. ft. no change 1,070,000 sq. ft. Office/R&D (Phase III) Residential (Phase III) 1,191 units plus 22,000 sq. ft. retail/amenity space Office/R&D (Phase IV) Residential (Phase IV) Note that Phase I Office/R&D is approved at the low end of the assumed square footage, resulting in a total reduction of 750,000 square feet of office/R&D development from the 2,300,000 square feet total proposed in the 2011 OPSP. The 2011 OPSP addressed Phases II through IV of the OPSP on a programmatic level. The current proposal revises proposed uses at Phases III and IV and adds detail for Phases II, III, and IV. The Project Applicant, Oyster Point Development, LLC, is proposing amendments to the South San Francisco General Plan and the OPSP (Chapter 20.230 of the South San Francisco Zoning Ordinance) and related project entitlements to allow for the development of office/R&D and a new mixed-use community on Phases II, III, and IV of the 2017 OPSP Update area. Office/R&D Development (Phase II) The 2017 OPSP Update proposal for Phase II development is generally consistent with the 2011 OPSP, in that it proposes office/R&D development in that location at a level of intensity that is consistent with that allowed under the 2011 OPSP. Specifically, the 2017 OPSP Update proposal for Phase II includes 1,070,000 square feet of office/R&D development including approximately 28,000 square feet of flexible-use retail/amenity space across approximately 20 acres. Phase II development requires the demolition of two of the Oyster Point Business Park single-story light-industrial buildings, 375/377 and 379 Oyster Point Boulevard. The Phase II proposal has been included in the 2017 OPSP Update because, while within the total office/R&D square-footage and intensity (maximum1.25 floor area ratio) anticipated in the 2011 OPSP, the square footage for this one phase is more than assumed for any one phase and because the building design details and the location of parking have changed from what was previously assessed. Residential Development (Phases III and IV) The 2017 OPSP Update for Phases III and IV consists of up to 1,191 residential units and 22,000 square feet of flexible use retail and/or amenity space. The maximum dwelling unit density would be approximately 100 units per acre across a total of approximately 12.4 net acres. The proposed residential uses for Phases III and IV require amendments to the General Plan and OPSP. Development under Phases III and IV would include demolition of three of the existing Oyster Point Business Park single-story light-industrial buildings (at 384, 385, and 389 Oyster Point Boulevard), and construction of four 7-story buildings accommodating multi-family residential over parking (Park View, Marina South, and Oyster Point South apartments, and Marina North condominiums), and one multi-family residential building with a 16-story tower and a 23-story tower over parking (Oyster Point North condominiums) as shown on Figure 3.4. Details of Phase III and IV residential development are summarized in Table 3.2. DRA F T SUB S E Q U E N T ENV I R O N M E N T A L IMP A C T REP O R T 20 1 7 OP S P UPD A T E PAGE 3-4 Ta b l e 3 . 2 : D e v e l o p m e n t S u m m a r y – P h a s e s I I I a n d I V De s c r i p t i o n P a r k V i e w M a r i n a N o r t h M a r i n a S o u t h O y s t e r P o i n t S o u t h O y s t e r P o i n t N o r t h Si t e A r e a ( a p p r o x . n e t a c r e s ) 3 . 4 6 a c 2 . 0 1 a c 2 . 2 0 a c 2 . 7 5 a c 2 . 0 0 a c Bu i l d i n g H e i g h t 8 0 f t 80 f t 8 0 f t 8 0 f t North tower: 240 ft South tower: 175 ft Bu i l d i n g L e v e l s 7 7 7 7 North tower: 23 South tower: 16 Re t a i l / A m e n i t y F l e x A r e a 1 1 , 0 0 0 s f — 1 1 , 0 0 0 s f — — Re s i d e n t i a l A r e a ( M u l t i f a m i l y ) 3 0 9 , 7 3 2 s f 1 9 6 , 2 2 5 s f — — — Ap a r t m e n t U n i t s 3 3 0 0 2 1 5 1 5 0 0 Co n d o m i n i u m U n i t s 0 1 5 0 0 0 3 4 6 Op e n S p a c e 4 . 3 2 a c r e s p u b l i c B a y - s i d e o p e n s p a c e p l u s c o mm o n a n d p r i v a t e o p e n s p a c e a r e a s i n e a c h d e v e l o p m e n t CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 3-5 The residential unit mix for Phases III and IV would consist of 514 studio/one-bedroom units, 479 two- bedroom units, and 198 three-bedroom units. The buildings would be composed of type III-A construction for the residential uses over type I-A construction parking and retail/amenity uses. Above the concrete podium, the primary façade materials would include stucco, Hardie shingle and smooth panel siding, and wood-alternative material (Figures 3.5 and 3.6). The ground floor of the residential units would be set back from the public right-of-way and raised above grade where feasible. The parking areas would be screened from public views with active uses or a landscape buffer and would be integrated with the architectural design of the buildings. Access and Circulation As part of development under Phases II, III, and IV, Oyster Point Boulevard would be extended to the north and would provide primary vehicular access to the Project site. Private road extensions would provide additional circulation through the site for access to the office, residential, and retail/amenity uses. An east-west connecting road between Oyster Point Boulevard and Oyster Cove Marina would also be developed (Figure 3.7). Parking for Phases III and IV would include 1,667 spaces for residential uses and 55 spaces for the retail/amenity uses. Bicycle parking would also be provided to meet or exceed requirements. Parking uses would be accessed from Oyster Point Boulevard and private internal roadways. Pedestrian access would be provided via sidewalks throughout the site, and the east-west connection would provide pedestrian access to the retail/amenity uses as well as access to the Bay Trail. Open Space and Landscaping Development and construction of landscaping and improvements to the Oyster Cove Marina Shoreline would create a mix of uses, to include park uses, recreational facilities, and Bay Trail improvements and encompass 4.32 acres of new public open space. Improvements to the access pathways from the Bay Trail to the Oyster Cove Marina are also proposed. Other open space areas would include courtyards, mews, plazas, and pedestrian corridors. Approximately 190 to 200 existing trees would be removed and replaced with 280 to 320 news trees, to include street trees and trees for the park and mews areas. Where possible, existing trees would be retained and relocated. Approximately 170,000 – 180,000 square feet of existing ground cover would be removed and replaced with 110,000 – 140,000 square feet of new plantings. Replacement trees and other new vegetation would include species recommended by San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission and City of South San Francisco. Utilities Existing utility connections would be reused or maintained where possible. A new sanitary sewer system would connect to the existing sewer system, and a new storm drainage system would be installed to collect, filter/treat, and discharge stormwater runoff into the San Francisco Bay. A new domestic water service would connect all new buildings, and a new joint utility trench would include electrical and telecommunication services. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 3-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE Phasing and Construction For purposes of this analysis, it was assumed that phasing of development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would proceed in the following order (construction duration and approximate completion timeframe in parentheses): 1. Park View Apartments (20 months completing early-2020) 2. Marina North Condominiums (22 months completing mid-2021) 3. Marina South Apartments (20 months completing early-2022) 4. Phase II Office/R&D (17 months completing early-2023) 5. Oyster Point South Apartments (22 months completing late-2023) 6. Oyster Point North Condominiums (22 months completing late-2025) Demolition of existing structures would occur prior to development. Buildings in the Phase III and IV area (384, 385, and 389 Oyster Point Boulevard) would be demolished together at initiation of construction activities (estimated as early 2018). Buildings in the Phase II area (375/377 and 379 Oyster Point Boulevard) are proposed to be demolished near the start of residential construction (estimated as mid-2018). Temporary landscaping would be installed in cleared sites between demolition and building construction. Site preparation lasting approximately 2 to 3 months per site would also occur prior to the above building construction activities. UNCHANGED ELEMENTS OF 2011 OPSP This SEIR does not focus on those elements of the 2011 OPSP that remain unchanged with the 2017 OPSP Update. A brief summary of the development assumptions from the 2011 OPSP that remain unchanged is presented below and can be found in detail in the 2011 EIR included as Appendix B. Phase I Phase I office/R&D, for which the City approved a Precise Plan in 2011, is not affected by the proposed modifications and is not affected by the 2017 OPSP Update. Per the approved project, Phase I will include 508,000 square feet of office/R&D (508,000 to 600,000 square feet were assumed under the 2011 OPSP). The realignment of Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard (and associated utility infrastructure and relocation of landfill refuse, as proposed in the 2011 OPSP will also occur with Phase I development. At the time of preparation of this SEIR for the 2017 OPSP Update, the Phase I project was seeking construction permits consistent with previous approvals and environmental analysis, as described above. While construction had not yet begun, this SEIR assumes construction of Phase I and the related roadway realignment and refuse relocation would occur prior to development in the 2017 OPSP Update area. Phases II-IV Compared with the 2011 OPSP, the 2017 OPSP Update would include the same demolition of existing buildings in the Phase II, III and IV area, located at 375-389 Oyster Point Boulevard, as well as the same general alignment of Oyster Point Boulevard and utility infrastructure (including upgrade of sewer pump station #1). The types of uses proposed for Phase II (office/R&D and accessory commercial uses), and the allowable intensity of development (up to 1.25 FAR) are not affected by the 2017 OPSP Update. CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 3-7 Oyster Point Marina Area and Other Improvements The majority of the Oyster Point Marina area (with the exception of a small portion that will be added to Phase II with realignment of the roadways discussed above) is also unaffected by the 2017 OPSP Update. Other development unaffected by the 2017 OPSP Update includes:  Dedication and construction of an approximately 3.1-acre waterfront public park, Crescent Park and Beach, to the north and east of the Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard intersection per City Specifications and BCDC design guidelines.  Improvements to approximately 2,200 linear feet of Bay Trail and surrounding open space (subject to BCDC Guidelines and approval).  Improvements to create an approximately 3-acre flexible-use recreation area in the Oyster Point Marina area.  Construction of one or two hotels with a total of 350 rooms and 40,000 square feet of retail/restaurant.  Enhancement (landscape and other cosmetic improvements) of existing uses at the eastern end of Oyster Point in conjunction with required landfill cap repairs in that area.  Demolition of the four existing buildings totaling 66,420 square feet, including the Oyster Point Inn at 425 Marina Drive, two Office buildings at 360 Oyster Point Boulevard and 401 Marina Boulevard, and the boat and motor mart at 671 Marina Boulevard. 2017 OPSP UPDATE OBJECTIVES The following objectives from the 2011 EIR remain applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update: 1. Create a vibrant destination and a new gateway to the City of South San Francisco. 2. Reorganize the area into a better pattern of land uses that will benefit all of the community’s stakeholders. 3. Provide quality research and development facilities consistent with the General Plan designation as a site for business and technology park facilities. 4. Continue to develop the East of 101 area into a nationally recognized research and development center that will attract other life science and high technology businesses. 5. Enhance availability of public open space and access to the Bay. 6. Provide flexible recreational amenities for public use. 7. Counteract the potential effects of sea level rise on the Project site. 8. Generate additional demand for the transit mode-shift opportunities inherent in proximity to the ferry terminal. 9. Build a project that creates quality jobs for South San Francisco. 10. Generate net property tax and other fees from the development Project and enhance property values. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 3-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE 11. Build a project that is viable in the East of 101 area based upon market conditions and projected service requirements for the area. 12. Develop a project of high quality design as called for in the Design Element of the East of 101 area Plan and which integrates with adjoining properties. The following objective was not included in the 2011 EIR but has been added as an objective of the 2017 OPSP Update: 13. Develop additional housing to help offset the jobs-housing imbalance. The following objective from the 2011 EIR has already been completed and is therefore not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update, and is not further discussed in this SEIR:  Untangle the various ground leases and land uses that has prohibited the City from realizing its vision for a coherent mixture of public and private land uses on Oyster Point. Redevelop under- utilized land. The following objectives from the 2011 EIR is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update, and are not further discussed in this SEIR as the referenced work will occur as part of Phase I and/or development of the Oyster Point Marina area outside of the 2017 OPSP Update area:  Repair and upgrade the landfill closure to Title 27 standards.  Reconfigure existing roads to enhance view corridors to the Bay and accommodate a more efficient layout of development sites. Since the 2011 EIR, the state of California no longer recognizes redevelopment agencies or allows use of redevelopment tax increment so the following objective is no longer applicable:  Allow for use of redevelopment tax increment and debt to help ensure fiscal feasibility of this and other redevelopment area projects. INTENDED USES OF THIS SEIR As discussed in Chapter 1, the City of South San Francisco is the Lead Agency responsible for preparation of this SEIR (pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15051). This SEIR is also intended to update the previous program level analysis for the 2017 OPSP Update area to analyze the proposed changes to the OPSP. The 2011 EIR, as supplemented by this SEIR, provides City of South San Francisco decision makers, reviewing agencies, and the general public with relevant environmental information to use in considering the required discretionary actions for approval. The following approvals are anticipated to be required for development of the 2017 OPSP Update:  Certification of the SEIR  General Plan Amendment  Specific Plan Amendment  Zoning Amendment  Subdivision or Parcel Map Approvals for each development: CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 3-9  Precise Plan  Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plan Adoption  Design Review  Administrative approval of subsequent demolition, grading and building permits Approvals from the following bodies are anticipated to be required:  City of South San Francisco  San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission  San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board  City/County Association of Governments of San Mateo County - Airport Land Use Commission DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 3-10 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page has been intentionally left blank. C HA P T E R 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 20 1 7 OP S P UPD A T E PAGE 3-11 Ar e a Ph a s e II Ph a s e s  II I  & IV Fi g u r e 3 . 1 : O P S P l o c a t i o n i n c l u d i n g 2 0 1 7 O P S P U p d a t e a r e a ( P h a s e s I I , I I I , a n d I V ) DRA F T ENV I R O N M E N T A L IMP A C T REP O R T PAG E 3- 1 2 2017 OPSP UPDATE Fi g u r e 3 . 2 : E x i s t i n g U s e s i n t h e O P S P a r e a So u r c e : 2 0 1 1 E I R C HA P T E R 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 20 1 7 OP S P UPD A T E PAGE 3-13 Fi g u r e 3 . 3 : O P S P D e v e l o p m e n t P l an I n c l u d i n g 2 0 1 7 O P S P U p d a t e (h e r e i d e n t i f i e d a s P h a s e s I I D , I I I D , a n d I V D ) So u r c e : A p p l i c a n t t e a m , p r o p o s e d 20 1 7 O P S P U p d a t e t o t h e O P S P DRA F T ENV I R O N M E N T A L IMP A C T REP O R T PAG E 3- 1 4 2017 OPSP UPDATE Fi g u r e 3 . 4 : O P S P D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n I n c l u d i n g 2 0 1 7 O P S P U p d a t e So u r c e : P r o p o s e d 2 0 1 7 O P S P U p d a t e t o t h e O P S P C HA P T E R 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 20 1 7 OP S P UPD A T E PAGE 3-15 Fi g u r e 3 . 5 : R e p r e s e n t a t i v e O P S P E l e va t i o n s , M a r i n a N o r t h C o n d o m i n i u m s So u r c e : A p p l i c a n t T e a m , J u l y 2 0 1 7 DRA F T ENV I R O N M E N T A L IMP A C T REP O R T PAG E 3- 1 6 2017 OPSP UPDATE Fi g u r e 3 . 6 : R e p r e s e n t a t i v e O P S P E l e v a t i o n s , P a r k V i e w A p a r t m e n t s So u r c e : A p p l i c a n t T e a m , J u l y 2 0 1 7 C HA P T E R 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 20 1 7 OP S P UPD A T E PAGE 3-17 Fi g u r e 3 . 7 : O P S P C i r c u l a t i o n So u r c e : P r o p o s e d 2 0 1 7 O P S P U p d a t e t o t h e O P S P DRA F T ENV I R O N M E N T A L IMP A C T REP O R T PAG E 3- 1 8 2017 OPSP UPDATE Th i s p a g e h a s b e e n i n t e n t i o n a l l y l e f t b l a n k 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 4-1 4 AESTHETICS INTRODUCTION This chapter provides information on aesthetics and visual resources in the 2017 OPSP Update area and considers whether the proposed change in use from office/R&D to residential in the 2017 OPSP Update area could change the conclusions from the 2011 EIR. New development can substantially change the visual qualities and characteristics of an urban area. The visual value of any given feature is highly subject to personal sensibilities and variations in subjective reaction to the features of an urban area. A negative visual impression on one person may be viewed as positive or beneficial by another. Objective or commonly agreed upon standards are difficult to establish, but an extensive body of literature is devoted to the subject of urban design and visual aesthetics. REGULATORY SETTING There have been no changes to the aesthetics regulatory setting applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update area, except that the OPSP guidelines are now in effect and would be revised to include residential development per the 2017 OPSP Update. The full regulatory setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING There have been no substantial changes to the aesthetics environmental setting of the 2017 OPSP Update area. The full environmental setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). Aesthetic Changes of the 2017 OPSP Update With development of the OPSP, the majority of existing building on site (and all buildings within the 2017 OPSP Update area) would be demolished and replaced with new buildings as development proceeds in phases. Visual models and renderings of the proposed development can be seen in Figures 4.1 through 4.5. The full description of the proposed changes can be found in Chapter 3: Project Description and was used to assess aesthetic impacts. The proposed changes can be summarized as follows: The 2017 OPSP Update includes revisions to the use and specific massing of the buildings in the 2017 OPSP Update area but in similar locations as proposed under the 2011 OPSP. The 2011 OPSP proposed office/R&D buildings reaching 10 stories across the 2017 OPSP Update area with separate large parking garage structures. Under the 2017 OPSP Update, there would be no separate parking structures, and parking would instead be located in at/near grade and above structures under the buildings it serves. Additionally, the massing of the proposed buildings has changed somewhat with thinner, lower, less bulky residential buildings in the majority of the area ranging in height from 4 to 7 stories. At the northern end of the 2017 OPSP Update area, residential towers are proposed to reach up to 15 and 22 stories tall. Under Federal Aviation Regulations Part 77, building heights are allowable between approximately 400 and 500 feet. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 4-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page intentionally left blank. CHAPTER 4: AESTHETICS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 4-3 Figure 4.1: Aerial Rendering, facing generally north A rending of Phase I is at the bottom of the figure with phases II, III, and IV located upwards on the figure from there. Source: Applicant team, 7/28/2017. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 4-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE Figure 4.2: Aerial Rendering, facing generally east A rending of Phase IV is at the left of the figure with phases III, II, and I located toward the right on the figure from there. Source: Applicant team, 7/28/2017. CHAPTER 4: AESTHETICS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 4-5 Figure 4.3: Aerial Rendering, facing generally south A rending of Phase IV is at the bottom of the figure with phases III, II, and I located upwards on the figure from there. Source: Applicant team, 7/28/2017. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 4-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE Figure 4.4: Rendering, Park View Apartments (Phase III), facing generally northwest Source: Applicant team, 7/11/2017. CHAPTER 4: AESTHETICS 20 1 7 OP S P UPD A T E PAGE 4-7 Fi g u r e 4 . 5 : R e n d e r i n g , M a r i n a N o r t h C o n d o m i ni u m s ( P h a s e I I I ) , f a c i n g g e n e r a l l y e a s t So u r c e : A p p l i c a n t t e a m , 7 / 1 1 / 2 0 1 7 . DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 4-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page intentionally left blank. CHAPTER 4: AESTHETICS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 4-9 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES STANDARDS OF SIGNIFICANCE The following thresholds for measuring aesthetic impacts are based upon CEQA Guidelines thresholds: 1. Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? 2. Would the project substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway? 3. Would the project substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings? 4. Would the project create a new source of substantial light or glare, which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? SCENIC VISTA Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Vis-1 or the less-than-significant conclusion as there are no scenic vista viewpoints in the area and therefore the potential to impact views is generally the same as under the 2011 OPSP despite revisions to building heights and massing. While both the San Francisco Bay and San Bruno Mountains are visible from portions of the site and surrounding area, there are no designated public viewpoints for scenic vistas. The topography of the area and existing development already fully or partially blocks views from U.S. 101 and surrounding development. The conclusion of less-than-significant in regard to scenic vistas would remain the same even with the changed massing and different heights of buildings proposed with the 2017 OPSP Update. SCENIC HIGHWAYS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion related to scenic highways, as the lack of scenic designation of the nearby highways is the same as under the 2011 OPSP. VISUAL CHARACTER Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion as residential development is not considered a degradation of character or quality of the environment. While the East of 101 area does not currently contain residential development, the visual nature and character of residential development in an urbanized area is not substantially different from the visual character of development proposed under the 2011 OPSP and is not generally considered to be a negative visual element. The heights of buildings in the 2017 OPSP Update area are expected to substantially increase over the current situation; however, while there would be substantial changes to the site, the construction of modern buildings meeting or exceeding the city’s design criteria would not “degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site.” DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 4-10 2017 OPSP UPDATE LIGHT AND GLARE Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Vis-2, mitigation measures Vis-2a and Vis-2b, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion as the proposed lighting levels and potential for light and glare would be substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. While the development proposed with the 2017 OPSP Update includes taller buildings and residential use, as specified in the 2011 EIR, development will be required to adhere to a lighting plan (mitigation measure Vis-2a) and incorporate exterior surfaces intended to reduce glare (mitigation measure Vis- 2b). The potential for light and glare impacts would remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. CUMULATIVE AESTHETIC IMPACTS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the less-than- significant conclusion related to cumulative aesthetic impacts as development under the 2017 OPSP Update, as well as other development in the vicinity, would conform to applicable development and lighting standards, which have not changed since the 2011 OPSP. The East of 101 area in South San Francisco is the geographic context for cumulative assessment of visual quality and aesthetics. This area is a historically industrial area transitioning to high technology office/R&D uses as reflected in this and other foreseeable projects in the area. These projects largely involve replacement of older facilities and/or vacant sites and include landscaping and pedestrian improvements to current City standards. All future development that could occur in the vicinity of the OPSP would be required to adhere to established restrictions, guidelines, standards, policies, and criteria that address building appearance, height, bulk, and configuration. Given the current condition of the East of 101 area and the highly designed developments in the foreseeable and anticipated future, as well as mitigation included to reduce contributions to light and glare impacts, the cumulative aesthetic impacts would be less than significant. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 5-1 5 AGRICULTURAL, FOREST AND MINERAL RESOURCES INTRODUCTION This chapter of the Draft SEIR contains discussion regarding the CEQA topic areas of Agricultural, Forest, and Mineral Resources. Only limited analysis and discussion for these topic areas is required to make significance determinations due to the nature and specifics of the OPSP site, including the 2017 OPSP Update area. AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST RESOURCES Under the CEQA Guidelines, Appendix G – Environmental Checklist Form, development of the 2017 OPSP Update area as proposed would have a significant environmental impact if it were to result in: 1. Conversion of Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland) as shown on maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use; 2. A conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract; or 3. A conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g)). 4. The loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to no-forest land. 5. Changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use. Same Conclusion (NI): There have been no changes in circumstance or new information related to agriculture and forest resources, which do not occur in the OPSP area, including the 2017 OPSP Update area, and there would be no change to the no impact conclusion related to these topics. MINERAL RESOURCES Under the CEQA Guidelines, Appendix G – Environmental Checklist Form, development of the 2017 OPSP Update area as proposed would have a significant environmental impact if it were to result in: 1. Loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of future value to the region and the residents of the state; or DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 5-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE 2. Loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan. Same Conclusion (NI): There have been no changes in circumstance or new information related to mineral resources, which do not occur in the OPSP area, including the 2017 OPSP Update area, and there would be no change to the no impact conclusion related to mineral resources. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 6-1 6 AIR QUALITY INTRODUCTION This chapter evaluates the potential significance of air quality impacts related to the 2017 OPSP Update. Because of changes in recommended air quality modeling methodologies and the desire to assess air quality conditions for the residential uses now proposed, Ramboll Environ prepared a new assessment of air quality for this SEIR, as included in full in Appendix D. AIR QUALITY SETTING While generally unchanged from the 2011 EIR, some information is repeated here to provide an understanding of terms and concepts used in this discussion. CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS Ambient air quality standards have been established by state and federal environmental agencies for specific air pollutants most pervasive in urban environments. These pollutants are referred to as criteria air pollutants because the standards established for them were developed to meet specific health and welfare criteria set forth in the enabling legislation. The criteria air pollutants emitted by development, traffic and other activities anticipated under the proposed development include ozone (O3), ozone precursors oxides of nitrogen and reactive organic gases (NOx and ROG), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and suspended particulate matter 10 microns or less in diameter and 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM10 and PM2.5). Other criteria pollutants, such as lead (Pb) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), would not be substantially emitted by the proposed development or traffic, and air quality standards for them are being met throughout the Bay Area. Violations of ambient air quality standards are based on air pollutant monitoring data and are judged for each air pollutant. As under the 2011 EIR, the Bay Area as a whole experiences some days of violation for ground level ozone and PM10 and PM2.5and does not meet state or federal ambient air quality standards for these pollutants. TOXIC AIR CONTAMINANTS Besides the "criteria" air pollutants, there is another group of substances found in ambient air referred to as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) under the Federal Clean Air Act and Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs) under the California Clean Air Act. These contaminants tend to be localized and are found in relatively low concentrations in ambient air. However, they can result in adverse chronic health effects if exposure to low concentrations occurs for long periods. They are regulated at the local, state, and federal level. ODORS Objectionable odors may be associated with a variety of pollutants. Common sources of odors include wastewater treatment plants, landfills, composting facilities, refineries and chemical plants. Odors rarely have direct health impacts, but they can be very unpleasant and can lead concern over possible health effects among the public. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 6-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE REGULATORY SETTING The full regulatory setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). Certain changes to the regulatory section have occurred since the 2011 EIR, as described below. BAY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT South San Francisco is located within the nine county San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) monitors air quality in the basin through a regional network of air pollution monitoring stations to determine if the national and State standards for criteria air pollutants and emission limits of toxic air contaminants are being achieved. BAAQMD is primarily responsible for assuring that the National and State ambient air quality standards are attained and maintained in the Bay Area. BAAQMD is also responsible for adopting and enforcing rules and regulations concerning air pollutant sources, issuing permits for stationary sources of air pollutants, inspecting stationary sources of air pollutants, responding to citizen complaints, monitoring ambient air quality and meteorological conditions, awarding grants to reduce motor vehicle emissions, conducting public education campaigns, as well as many other activities. BAAQMD has jurisdiction over much of the nine-county Bay Area, including San Mateo County, in which Oyster Point is located. BAAQMD issues CEQA Air Quality Guidelines (BAAQMD Guidelines) to assist lead agencies in evaluating and mitigating air quality impacts. The 2011 EIR was being prepared as the 1999 BAAQMD Guidelines were being updated for the 2010 draft and the 2011 EIR compared the OPSP to both thresholds. The latest draft of the BAAQMD guidelines was issued in May 2017 and includes thresholds consistent with the 2010 draft BAAQMD Guidelines assessed in the 2011 EIR. BAY AREA CLEAN AIR PLAN South San Francisco is located in the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin and is subject to the Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan, first adopted by BAAQMD (in association with the Metropolitan Transportation Commission and the Association of Bay Area Governments [ABAG]) in 1991 to meet state requirements and those of the federal Clean Air Act. As required by state law, updates are developed approximately every three years. The Clean Air Plan is meant to demonstrate progress toward meeting the ozone standards, but also includes other elements related to particulate matter, toxic air contaminants, and greenhouse gases. The latest update to the Clean Air Plan, which was adopted in April 2017, is called the Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines (Environmental Checklist) contains a list of air quality effects that may be considered significant. Implementation of the 2017 OPSP Update would have a significant effect on the environment if it were to: 1. Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan; 2. Violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation; 3. Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors); CHAPTER 6: AIR QUALITY 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 6-3 4. Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations; or 5. Create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people. CLEAN AIR PLAN CONSISTENCY Less Significant Conclusion (SU reduced to LTS with MM): The Clean Air Plan has been updated since the 2011 EIR and now includes different standards with which to assess a project, which requires revisions to Impact Air-1, and a change in significance conclusion from significant and unavoidable to less-than-significant with mitigation. Mitigation measure Traf-1, requiring implementation of TDM plans remains applicable and unchanged from the 2011 EIR. Revised Impact Air-1: Conflict with the Clean Air Plan Assumptions. Development anticipated as a result of the OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update, would increase employment and residential uses in an area designed for employment centers served by local and regional transit. However, city-wide, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) was projected to increase at a faster rate than the city’s population, which development could conflicts with the Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan CAP assumptions if transportation control measures are not implemented with development projects. This impact is a less-than-significant impact with mitigation. The significant and unavoidable impact in the 2011 EIR was based on the previous Clean Air Plan’s requirement to consider the relative increase in population and vehicle use. This is no longer a threshold in the current Clean Air Plan, although it can be noted that the 2017 OPSP Update also adds population so would have had a reduced impact under that previous threshold because the population would increase along with vehicle use. This would result in a more balanced increase of the two than under the 2011 OPSP, which resulted in an imbalanced increase of vehicle use with no direct increase in population. BAAQMD recommends analyzing a project’s consistency with current air quality plan primary goals and control measures. The impact would be significant if the project would conflict with or obstruct attainment of the primary goals or implementation of the control measures. The primary goals of the Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan are: • Attain all state and national air quality standards • Eliminate disparities among Bay Area communities in cancer health risk from toxic air contaminants • Reduce Bay Area GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. [This standard is addressed in Chapter 10: Greenhouse Gas Emissions.] The 2017 OPSP Update would be consistent with all applicable rules and regulations related to emissions and health risk and would not result in a new substantial source of emissions or toxic air contaminants or otherwise conflict with the primary goals of the Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan. Many of the Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan’s control measures are targeted to area-wide improvements, regional policies, or large stationary source reductions, and these are not directly applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. However, the 2017 OPSP Update is consistent with all rules and regulations related to construction activities and the proposed development would meet current standards of energy and water efficiency (Energy Control Measure EN1 and Water Control Measure WR2) and recycling and green waste requirements (Waste Management Control Measures WA3 and WA4). The required TDM plans (see Traf-1) will contribute to trip reduction programs (Transportation Control Measure TR2), and improving access/connectivity for bicycles and pedestrians (Transportation Control Measure TR9). DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 6-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE The 2017 OPSP Update does not conflict with applicable control measures, is generally consistent with the Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan, and the impact would be reduced to less-than-significant with implementation of mitigation measure Traf-1 requiring TDM plans for development, which would require trip reductions that would also reduce resultant emissions, consistent with Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan control measures. OPERATIONAL EXPOSURE OF SENSITIVE RECEPTORS TO TOXIC AIR CONTAMINANTS (TACS) Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM reduced to LTS): Impact and mitigation measure Air-2 from the 2011 EIR identified the potential for health risks to sensitive uses proposed in the OPSP area and required completion of an analysis of health risks. As required under the 2011 EIR, an analysis of health risks was performed for the 2017 OPSP Update and demonstrates that operational health risk in this portion of the OPSP would be less-than-significant, so a new impact statement and conclusion is included for the 2017 OPSP Update. While the 2017 OPSP Update would introduce more sensitive receptors to the area and therefore increase the potential for exposure to toxic air contaminants, the detailed analysis demonstrates that the exposure potential in that area is not significant. The less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion and Impact and mitigation measure Air-2 would remain applicable to the remainder of the OPSP area (outside the 2017 OPSP Update area), but the following impact and less-than-significant conclusion are instead applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update area: New Impact Air-2b: 2017 OPSP Update Operational Health Risks. Increases in traffic and related emissions, relative to existing conditions, and emissions from emergency generators would contribute to health risks to sensitive uses, including the proposed on-site residents. However, an analysis of health risk determined the risk in the 2017 OPSP Update area would be below applicable thresholds. Additionally, new residents would not be located in an area potentially impacted by accidental release of acutely hazardous air pollutants. The impact related to the 2017 OPSP Update operational health risks would be less-than-significant. Toxic Air Contaminants The BAAQMD 2017 CEQA significance thresholds for health risks and hazards from a project single source are: • An excess lifetime cancer risk level of more than 10 in one million; • A noncancer (chronic or acute) Health Index greater than 1.0; and • An incremental increase in the annual average PM2.5 of greater than 0.3 μg/m3. The BAAQMD 2017 CEQA significance thresholds for health risks and hazards from cumulative sources are: • An excess lifetime cancer risk level of more than 100 in one million; • A noncancer (chronic or acute) Health Index greater than 10.0; and • An incremental increase in the annual average PM2.5 of greater than 0.8 μg/m3. While CEQA does not require an assessment of how existing environmental conditions will impact a project’s future users or residents, it does require consideration of how worsened environmental conditions could affect a project’s future users or residents. Because development in the OPSP will contribute to increased emission levels from vehicles and generators and therefore exacerbate the CHAPTER 6: AIR QUALITY 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 6-5 impact from existing conditions, the above thresholds were assessed for new residents proposed in the 2017 OPSP Update area. Operational health risks were assessed for on-site residents, which would be the worst case scenario and represent a conservative analysis for off-site residents as well using the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency regulatory air dispersion model (AERMOD) (USEPA 2016, 2017), as detailed in Appendix D. Maximum operational health risks in and around the 2017 OPSP Update area were determined to be excess lifetime cancer risk of 3.7 in one million (compared to a threshold of 10), a noncancer Health Index of 0.003 (compared to a threshold of 1), and annual average PM2.5 of 0.007 μg/m3 (compared to a threshold of 0.3). Cumulative maximum operational health risks in and around the 2017 OPSP Update area were determined to be excess lifetime cancer risk of 6.6 in one million (compared to a threshold of 100), a noncancer Health Index of 0.01 (compared to a threshold of 10), and annual average PM2.5 of 0.05 μg/m3 (compared to a threshold of 0.8). The 2011 EIR determined that new sensitive receptors located within the OPSP (such as daycare facilities) may be exposed to unhealthy levels of TACs from nearby existing industries that would be a potentially significant impact. However, impacts were determined to be less than significant after implementation of mitigation measure Air-2 from the 2011 EIR, which requires health risk assessments and land use screening measures for new development of sensitive receptors locating within the OPSP. Because the 2017 OPSP Update includes sensitive receptors (in this case, residents), the required health risk assessment has been performed with this SEIR and has determined that operational health risks at the site would be below threshold levels and therefore less than significant. While not previously quantified, this impact would be the same or reduced from that in the 2011 EIR, as the previous analysis already assumed the possibility of siting sensitive uses in the area, and residential uses are generally a source of lower health risks than the previously-proposed office/R&D (due to reduced traffic and generators/other stationary sources). The potential for health risk related to the construction period is discussed under Construction-Period Impacts. Accidental Releases of Acutely Hazardous Air Pollutants The BAAQMD Guidelines additionally recommend evaluating accidental releases of acutely hazardous air pollutants. Specifically, BAAQMD has established the following threshold of significance: • Storage or use of acutely hazardous materials locating near receptors or new receptors locating near stored or used acutely hazardous materials considered significant. Given the location of the 2017 OPSP Update area —which is surrounded by mostly commercial and industrial land uses— and the fact that the 2017 OPSP Update proposes locating sensitive receptors (i.e., residences) onsite, an analysis was performed to evaluate the potential for accidental releases of acutely hazardous air pollutants that could impact the proposed residential uses in the 2017 OPSP Update site. See full analysis in Appendix D as summarized below. An evaluation of accidental releases of acutely hazardous air pollutants from nearby facilities was conducted to determine if releases at these facilities could affect the 2017 OPSP Update site, which include commercial and industrial sites in proximity to the 2017 OPSP Update site that handle, manufacture, use, or store more than a threshold quantity of a regulated substance and are thereby required to prepare Risk Management Programs under the California Accidental Release Prevention (CalARP) program. These qualifying facilities include: • Harry Tracy Water Treatment Plant, • United Technical Operations, DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 6-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE • It’s-It Ice Cream Company, • SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, and • NXEdge-Inc The analysis focused on “worst-case” release scenarios reported by these facilities. In addition, the analysis was not strictly limited to air pollutants, but was designed to capture other potential hazards identified in the Risk Management Program as well, such as fires and explosions. In broad terms, the distance to the endpoint is the distance a toxic vapor cloud, heat from a fire, or blast waves from an explosion will travel before dissipating to the point that serious injuries from short term exposures will no longer occur. Worst-case release scenarios represent the failure modes that would result in the worst possible off-site consequences, however unlikely, and do not represent more likely smaller releases that would potentially result in smaller impacts. The worst-case toxic endpoints for all qualifying facilities do not overlap with the 2017 OPSP Update site. The closest worst-case toxic endpoint for this facility is greater than two miles from the 2017 OPSP Update site. Therefore, the potential for an accidental release of acutely hazardous air pollutants to impact the 2017 OPSP Update site is considered less than significant. OPERATIONAL ODORS Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS): Impact Air-3 has been revised to specify it applies to proposed residential use under the 2017 OPSP Update, and the less-than- significant conclusion related to operational odors would remain substantially unchanged from the 2011 OPSP. Revised Impact Air-3: Possible Exposure of Sensitive Receptors to Operational Odors. Development anticipated under the OPSP may expose sensitive receptors to odors through development of new residential and non-residential development that may be sources of odors near sensitive receptors. Such exposure would represent a less- than-significant impact. The uses proposed in the 2017 OPSP Update area – residential and office/R&D – are not uses considered to generate substantial odors. As a closed landfill, the landfill in the OPSP area also is not a source of substantial odors and there is no known history of substantial odor complaints in the area. Therefore, while the 2017 OPSP Update will add residential uses to the area, which are considered odor-sensitive receptors, there are no substantial sources of odors such that potential odor issues would occur. The 2011 EIR had already considered the existing live-aboard boats and assumed the possibility of odor-sensitive daycare uses in the area, so the location of odor-sensitive uses would not be new and the impact would be substantially the same. The potential for odor impacts related to the construction period is discussed under Construction- Related Impacts, below. CONSTRUCTION-RELATED IMPACTS Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Air-4 or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion related to construction-period impacts, but requires the addition of mitigation measure Air-4c to address health risk to proposed on-site residents (whereas on-site residents were not previously proposed). Mitigation measure Air-4b relates to Phase I activities not part of the 2017 OPSP Update, and is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. CHAPTER 6: AIR QUALITY 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 6-7 Impact Air-4: Construction Period Dust, Emissions and Odors. Construction of development projects under the OPSP would result in temporary emissions of dust, diesel exhaust and odors that may result in both nuisance and health impacts. Without appropriate measures to control these emissions, these impacts would be considered significant. Dust and Criteria Air Pollutants The 2017 OPSP Update does not substantially change the nature of construction activities or potential to generate dust and criteria air pollutant emissions. Mitigation Measure Air-4a (below) from the 2011 EIR to implement BAAQMD recommended dust-control measures would remain applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. The current BAAQMD Guidelines significance thresholds for construction-related criteria air pollutants and precursors are: • Average daily ROG, PM2.5, and NOx emissions greater than 54 lb/day; • Average daily PM10 emissions greater than 82 lb/day. The 2011 EIR did not compare construction emissions to thresholds, because the BAAQMD Guidelines applicable at the time did not contain numeric thresholds for construction impacts and such quantification was not generally performed at the time. However, the 2011 EIR noted that the project would result in potentially significant construction emissions and dust impacts before mitigation. While the 2011 EIR did not quantify construction emissions, construction of residential land uses generates generally the same or less dust and emissions (on a “per acre” basis) than construction of office/R&D land uses, so impacts would be substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. In addition, the analysis for the 2017 OPSP Update also incorporates mitigation measure Air-4c (below), requiring lower-emitting construction equipment to be used in the 2017 OPSP Update area, which will reduce construction emissions to less than the BAAQMD thresholds. Thus, although the BAAQMD-recommended methodologies used to estimate emissions are different between the 2011 EIR and this SEIR (CalEEMod instead of URBEMIS), the mitigated construction criteria air pollutant impacts from the 2017 OPSP Update are expected to be lower than the mitigated impacts from the 2011 EIR. Following mitigation, maximum construction-period emissions from the 2017 OPSP Update area were determined to be 2.9 lb/day ROG, 0.54 lb/day PM2.5, and 42 lb/day NOx (compared to a threshold of 54), and 0.56 lb/day PM10 (compared to a threshold of 82), which are below threshold levels. Odors The 2017 OPSP Update does not substantially change the nature of construction activities or potential to generate construction-period odors from the 2017 OPSP Update area, and the impact related to construction-period odors would remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. While a portion of the Phase II area of the 2017 OPSP Update area involves development of an area containing a landfill, landfill materials will be removed from that area as a part of Phase I activities fully addressed in the 2011 EIR and mitigation measure Air-4b related to refuse relocation would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Health Risk The BAAQMD significance thresholds for health risks and hazards from a single source are: • An excess lifetime cancer risk level of more than 10 in one million; DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 6-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE • A noncancer (chronic or acute) HI greater than 1.0; and • An incremental increase in the annual average PM2.5 of greater than 0.3 μg/m3. The BAAQMD 2017 CEQA significance thresholds for health risks and hazards from cumulative sources are: • An excess lifetime cancer risk level of more than 100 in one million; • A noncancer (chronic or acute) Health Index greater than 10.0; and • An incremental increase in the annual average PM2.5 of greater than 0.8 μg/m3. These thresholds were evaluated for both off-site receptors as well as on-site residents that move in prior to construction of later phases and emissions from off road equipment and on-road trucks were analyzed using the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency regulatory air dispersion model (AERMOD) (USEPA 2016, 2017). The 2011 EIR did not compare quantified risks to thresholds, because the BAAQMD Guidelines applicable at the time did not contain numeric thresholds for construction and such analyses were not generally performed at the time. While it is not possible to compare risks and hazards directly since they were not quantified in the 2011 EIR, construction health risks associated with the 2017 OPSP Update are identified as being less than significant with mitigation, which is the same conclusion as in the 2011 EIR. Although the 2017 OPSP Update has the potential to marginally increase health risk impacts by extending the duration of construction and including additional onsite residents adjacent to construction areas, this SEIR also includes mitigation measure Air-4c (below) for projects in the 2017 OPSP Update area, which include more stringent mitigation on construction emissions and would act to further reduce impacts from those identified in the 2011 EIR to reach a level of less-than-significant. Following mitigation, maximum construction-period health risks in and around the 2017 OPSP Update area were conservatively determined to be excess lifetime cancer risk of 9.6 in one million (compared to a threshold of 10), a noncancer Health Index of 0.01 (compared to a threshold of 1), and annual average PM2.5 of 0.07 μg/m3 (compared to a threshold of 0.3). Following mitigation, cumulative maximum construction-period health risks in and around the 2017 OPSP Update area were determined to be excess lifetime cancer risk of 15 in one million (compared to a threshold of 100), a noncancer Health Index of 0.02 (compared to a threshold of 10), and annual average PM2.5 of 0.15 μg/m3 (compared to a threshold of 0.8). Mitigation Measure Air-4a: Implement BAAQMD-Recommended Measures to Control Particulate Matter Emissions during Construction. Measures to reduce diesel particulate matter and PM10 from construction are recommended to ensure that short-term health impacts to nearby sensitive receptors are avoided. Dust (PM10) Control Measures: • Water all active construction areas at least twice daily and more often during windy periods. Active areas adjacent to residences should be kept damp at all times. • Cover all hauling trucks or maintain at least two feet of freeboard. • Pave, apply water at least twice daily, or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers on all unpaved access roads, parking areas, and staging areas. • Sweep daily (with water sweepers) all paved access roads, parking areas, and staging areas and sweep streets daily (with water sweepers) if visible soil material is deposited onto the adjacent roads. CHAPTER 6: AIR QUALITY 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 6-9 • Hydroseed or apply (non-toxic) soil stabilizers to inactive construction areas (i.e., previously-graded areas that are inactive for 10 days or more). • Enclose, cover, water twice daily, or apply (non-toxic) soil binders to exposed stockpiles. • Limit traffic speeds on any unpaved roads to 15 mph. • Replant vegetation in disturbed areas as quickly as possible. • Suspend construction activities that cause visible dust plumes to extend beyond the construction site. • Post a publically visible sign(s) with the telephone number and person to contact at the Lead Agency regarding dust complaints. This person shall respond and take corrective action within 48 hours. The Air District’s phone number shall also be visible to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. Additional Measures to Reduce Diesel Particulate Matter and PM2.5 and other construction emissions: • The developer or contractor shall provide a plan for approval by the City or BAAQMD demonstrating that the heavy-duty (>50 horsepower) off-road vehicles to be used in the construction project, including owned, leased and subcontractor vehicles, will achieve a project wide fleet-average 20 percent NOx reduction and 45 percent particulate reduction compared to the most recent CARB fleet average for the year 2011. • Clear signage at all construction sites will be posted indicating that diesel equipment standing idle for more than five minutes shall be turned off. This would include trucks waiting to deliver or receive soil, aggregate, or other bulk materials. Rotating drum concrete trucks could keep their engines running continuously as long as they were onsite or adjacent to the construction site. • Opacity is an indicator of exhaust particulate emissions from off-road diesel powered equipment. Each project shall ensure that emissions from all construction diesel powered equipment used on the project site do not exceed 40 percent opacity for more than three minutes in any one hour. Any equipment found to exceed 40 percent opacity (or Ringelmann 2.0) shall be repaired immediately. • The contractor shall install temporary electrical service whenever possible to avoid the need for independently powered equipment (e.g. compressors). • Properly tune and maintain equipment for low emissions. New Mitigation Measure Air-4c: Construction Equipment Standards and Construction Emissions Minimization Plan. All off-road construction equipment greater than 25 horsepower shall have engines that meet or exceed either U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) or California Air Resources Board (ARB) Tier 4 Final off-road emission standards. If a particular piece of off-road equipment that meets these standards is technically not feasible; the equipment would not produce desired emissions reduction due to expected operating modes; installation of the equipment would create a safety hazard or impaired visibility for the operator; or, there is a compelling emergency need to use off-road equipment that does not meet these standards, the Contractor shall use the next cleanest piece of off-road DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 6-10 2017 OPSP UPDATE equipment (i.e., Tier 3 Engine with Level 3 Verified Diesel Emission Control Strategy (VDECS), Tier 3 Engine with Level 2 VDECS, Tier 3 Engine with alternative fuel), and the Contactor shall develop a Construction Emissions Minimization Plan (CEMP) to describe the process used to identify the next cleanest piece of off-road equipment and the steps that will be taken to reduce emissions of criteria air pollutants to the greatest extent practicable. The CEMP shall be submitted the City’s Planning Department for review and approval prior to using the equipment. With implementation of the dust and emissions reduction presented in mitigation measures Air-4a and Air-4c, the air quality impacts associated with grading and new construction in the 2017 OPSP Update area would be reduced to a level of less than significant. OPERATIONAL RELATED IMPACTS More Significant Conclusion (LTS conclusion changed to LTS with MM): While the changes proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update would not result in substantially changed operational emissions, the updated methodology used in this SEIR calculates increased emission levels that are higher than those reported in the 2011 EIR. Therefore, Impact Air-5 and the less-than-significant conclusion have been revised and Mitigation Measure Air-5 has been added. Revised Impact Air-5: Operational Air Quality Impacts. Operation under the OPSP would result in permanent emissions of ozone precursor pollutants and particulate matter, including emissions of reactive organic gasses (ROG) above threshold levels, which would. These impacts would be considered a less-than-significant impact. Regional Air Quality Impacts The current BAAQMD Guidelines significance thresholds for construction-related criteria air pollutants and precursors are: • Average daily ROG, PM2.5, and NOx emissions greater than 54 lb/day; • Average daily PM10 emissions greater than 82 lb/day; • Maximum Annual ROG, PM2.5, and NOx emissions greater than 10 tons/year; • Average daily PM10 emissions greater than 15 tons/year. Operational emissions were modeled for the 2017 OPSP Update area using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) version 2016.3.1, using trip information from the traffic study for this SEIR, as shown in Table 6.1. CHAPTER 6: AIR QUALITY 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 6-11 Table 6.1: 2017 OPSP Update Area Net Operational Emissions Source Description ROG NOx PM10 PM2.5 Maximum annual emissions in tons/year Mobile (i.e., traffic) 1.2 3.2 4.4 1.2 Area (i.e., consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment) 8.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 Energy Use (Electricity and Natural Gas) 0.2 2.2 0.2 0.2 Other 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 Total maximum annual emissions 10.2 6.1 4.6 1.4 Total maximum annual emissions for entire OPSP 10.7 6.6 5.5 1.7 Maximum annual emission threshold 10 10 15 10 Above threshold? yes no no No Average daily emissions in pounds/day 55.6 33.5 25.3 7.9 Average daily emissions for entire OPSP 59 36 30 9 Maximum annual emission threshold 54 54 82 54 Above threshold? yes no no No The average daily and maximum annual operational emissions associated with OPSP operation are below the BAAQMD 2017 CEQA significance thresholds for all pollutants except ROG. The 2011 EIR calculated emissions using a previous methodology (the URBEMIS model) and concluded that operational emissions would be below applicable significance thresholds and therefore less-than-significant. While residential use does not generally have higher emissions than office/R&D, the analysis for the 2017 OPSP Update uses revised modelling techniques (CalEEMod instead of URBEMIS), and the new modeling does generally result in higher emissions calculations for all uses. Criteria pollutant emissions calculated for this SEIR are higher than in the 2011 EIR primarily because the revised modelling techniques calculate higher area ROG emissions from consumer products and higher NOx emissions from natural gas combustion and mobile sources. The following mitigation measure would mitigate operational ROG emissions: New Mitigation Measure Air-5: Emissions Offset Fee or Ultra-Low VOC. One of the following measures a), b) or c) shall be implemented. a) Prior to occupancy of the final buildings at full buildout of the Project, the Project Applicant or its designee shall pay a one-time mitigation offset fee to the BAAQMD Bay Area Clean Air Foundation (Foundation) in an amount to be determined at the time of the impact. This fee is intended to fund emissions reduction projects to achieve reductions of 0.9 tons per year of ozone precursors, the estimated tonnage of operational-related ROG emissions offsets required to reduce the ROG average daily and annual operational emissions below the BAAQMD significance thresholds of 54 pounds per day and 10 tons per year, respectively if full buildout of the OPSP occurs. To qualify under this mitigation measure, the specific emissions reduction project must result in emission reductions within the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin that are real, surplus, quantifiable, enforceable, and would not otherwise be achieved through compliance with existing regulatory requirements or any other legal requirement. OR DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 6-12 2017 OPSP UPDATE b) Instead of payment of an offset fee outlined above, the impact could be reduced through a reduction in area emissions of ROG resulting from use of paint at the site. Instead of payment of an offset fee, the applicant could alternatively require use of zero- or ultra-low VOC paints with a VOC content of less than 45 grams per liter at the site. This requirement shall apply to all use of paint in the 2017 OPSP Update area, including both exterior paint and interior paint for both areas maintained by building management and areas under private ownership or use. If chosen instead of payment of an offset fee outlined above, this requirement shall be part of all lease or property sale agreements in the 2017 OPSP Update area and shall be enforced through building management and/or home owners associations. OR c) If the State or BAAQMD enact regulations that require zero- or ultra-low VOC paints with a VOC content of less than 45 grams per liter to be used exclusively at the site by the time the final phase of 2017 OPSP Update area development is operational, the mitigation offset fee or additional lease or sale agreement constraints outlined above will not be required. The implementation of mitigation measure Air-5(a) would mitigate operational ROG emissions by offsetting them though payment of fees toward implementation of reductions in the air basin. The current process for payment of offset fees is detailed below. Per the above mitigation, payment of offset fees will proceed according to BAAQMD procedures when initiated. The Project Applicant or its designee would enter into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with BAAQMD’s Foundation. The MOU will include details regarding the funds to be paid and the timing of the emissions reductions project. Acceptance of this fee by BAAQMD will serve as an acknowledgment and commitment by BAAQMD to: (1) implement an emissions reduction project(s) within a time frame to be determined based on the type of project(s) selected, after receipt of the mitigation fee to achieve the emission reduction objectives specified above; and (2) provide documentation to the City of South San Francisco and to the Project Applicant describing the amount of and the project(s) funded by the mitigation fee, including the amount of emissions of ROG reduced (tons per year) within the SFBAAB from the emissions reduction project(s). The implementation of mitigation measure Air-5(b) would mitigate operational ROG emissions by reducing them through restrictions on the type of paint used at the site, which would reduce emission of ROG below significance levels. The implementation of mitigation measure Air-5(c) would mitigate operational ROG emissions through consistency with regulations that would restrict the type of paint used in the region (if such regulations are adopted), which would reduce emission of ROG below significance levels. Thus the implementation of any one of the three mitigation options Air-5(a), Air-5(b), or Air-5(c) would reduce net emission levels to below significance thresholds and therefore reduce the impact to less-than-significant levels after mitigation. Carbon Monoxide According to BAAQMD’s screening criteria for CO in its updated BAAQMD Guidelines, projects are considered less than significant with respect to local CO concentrations if: • The project is consistent with an applicable congestion management program established by the county’s congestion management agency for designated roads or highways, regional transportation plan, and local congestion management agency plans. CHAPTER 6: AIR QUALITY 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 6-13 • The project traffic would not increase traffic volumes at affected intersections to more than 44,000 vehicles per hour. • The project traffic would not increase traffic volumes at affected intersections to more than 24,000 vehicles per hour where vertical and/or horizontal mixing is substantially limited (e.g., tunnel, parking garage, bridge underpass, natural or urban street canyon, below-grade roadway). The traffic study (see Chapter 16) shows that the maximum peak hour traffic volumes at study intersections are below 44,000 vehicles per hour (or 24,000 vehicles per hour where mixing is limited, such as at underpasses) under existing and future cumulative scenarios and both with and without the project. This project is consistent with the applicable congestion management program established by the county’s congestion management agency, and traffic volumes at study intersections would not exceed CO threshold levels. Therefore, the project will meet all the criteria at key intersections near the project site and the impact with regard to CO is less than significant, consistent with conclusions in the 2011 EIR. CUMULATIVE AIR QUALITY IMPACTS Less Significant Conclusion (SU conclusion reduced to LTS with MM): The 2011 EIR significant and unavoidable impact related to Clean Air Plan consistency would no longer be applicable as the OPSP would be consistent with the updated Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan. Similarly, changed guidelines and methodologies since the 2011 EIR have resulted in some revisions to the emission levels. Additionally, the inclusion of residential units in the 2017 OPSP Update area results in changes to potential impacts from toxic air contaminants. However, all OPSP impacts can be reduced to less than significant levels through implementation of identified mitigation and no additional cumulatively considerable impact or mitigation is necessary. The 2011 EIR identified a significant and unavoidable cumulative impact due to conflict with the Clean Air Plan. The Clean Air Plan has since been revised and there would no longer be a conflict or significant impact in this regard. As discussed above, while current more sensitive modeling methodologies resulted in identification of a significant operational air pollutant impact, which had previously been identified as a less-than- significant impact, this impact could be reduced to a less-than-significant level with identified mitigation. Additionally, some revisions to impact statements and mitigation measures are required to address the change in use to residential but would not change overall significance conclusions. The BAAQMD significance thresholds are either set at the level at which a project’s individual emissions would be cumulatively considerable or cumulative thresholds are also discussed in the impact discussion above, and therefore, no additional impacts would be considered cumulatively significant. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 6-14 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page has been intentionally left blank 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 7-1 7 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES INTRODUCTION This chapter provides information on biological resources in the 2017 OPSP Update area. H. T. Harvey & Associates, who prepared the Biological Resources Report for the 2011 EIR, updated their report for the 2017 OPSP Update. This chapter is based on the updated report, dated April 19, 2017, the full text of which is included in Appendix E. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The footprint of the 2017 OPSP Update remains within the area analyzed in the 2011 EIR and there have been no substantial changes in the use or nature of the site. To determine whether biological site conditions and habitat conditions had changed since the 2011 EIR, the 2017 OPSP Update area was visited by H. T. Harvey & Associates wildlife ecologist Steve Rottenborn, Ph.D., on March 8, 2017, and H. T. Harvey & Associates plant ecologist Matthew Mosher and K. Hardwicke on March 16, 2017. H. T. Harvey & Associates wildlife ecologist Steve Rottenborn, Ph.D. additionally assessed the potential suitability of the Northern Coastal Salt Marsh habitat for special-status marsh species such as the California Ridgway’s rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus) on March 8, 2017 (previously called the California clapper rail) and determined that the area does not provide suitable habitat. The only noticeable change in biological conditions on the 2017 OPSP Update area, since the 2011 EIR, was a minor increase in the extent of vegetation on the rocked levee slopes along the shoreline. Otherwise, 2017 conditions were nearly identical to conditions assessed in the 2011 EIR. The full setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B) and the updated biological resources report (Appendix E) and summarized briefly below where necessary to relate specifically to the 2017 OPSP Update. Biotic Habitats Four biotic habitats/land use types occur in the 2017 OPSP Update area, as summarized below. The acreage of each habitat and land use type within the 2017 OPSP Update boundary is shown in Table 7.1 and their distribution within the 2017 OPSP Update area is shown on Figure 7.1. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 7-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE Table 7.1: Biotic Habitat/Land Use Acreages within the 2017 OPSP Update Area Biotic Habitat/Land Use Total Area (acres) – 2017 OPSP Update Area Developed/Landscaped 34.72 California Annual Grassland/Coyote Brush Scrub 0.09 Armored Rock Levee Slope 0.13 Northern Coastal Salt Marsh 0.06 Total 35 Developed/Landscaped: Comprised of hardscaped roads, buildings, parking lot surfaces, paved trail surfaces, ornamental and landscaped areas (typically irrigated with a mulch base), and irrigated turf, developed/landscaped area provide low or very low suitability for special status species or habitat. This land use occurs over the majority of the 2017 OPSP Update area. California Annual Grassland/Coyote Brush Scrub: Dominated by non-native annual grass species and scattered shrubs, there is only a very small area (0.09 acres) of this habitat type on the 2017 OPSP Update site, with an additionally approximately 18.8 acres throughout the remainder of the larger OPSP area. This habitat does not support separate native grass habitat or substantial special status species. Birds and other grassland-associated species may forage in the southwestern corner of the OPSP area (outside the 2017 OPSP Update area) on occasion, but the patch of grassland is likely too small to support nesting pairs of these species. Armored Rock Levee Slope: This habitat type, which is found along some portions of the coastline in both the 2017 OPSP Update area and the larger OPSP site, is primarily composed of large rock rip-rap on varying degrees of slope approximately 10-15 feet wide at the edge of the water and tidal flats, which extends downslope from the OPSP boundary in a number of areas. Vegetation is found between the rocks and bordering the top of the slopes and is dominated by non-native species. This habitat type in the OPSP area provides limited wildlife habitat because of their unyielding surfaces, lack of vegetation, and proximity to open marine water, but is nonetheless utilized by several species for foraging or refugia including rocky shore crab species, rocky shore-associated birds. The levee slopes also could provide habitat for nuisance species such as Norway rats, black rats (Rattus rattus), and feral cats, which are known to prey upon native wildlife species. Northern Coastal Salt Marsh: This habitat type occurs in both the 2017 OPSP Update area and the larger OPSP area in the intertidal zone in strips or larger areas surrounding the rock levees, and is influenced daily by rising and falling tides within the bay. Salt marsh habitats form unique ecological communities in the San Francisco Bay that support wildlife species adapted to a saline environment and frequent cyclic changes in water levels, as well as several more widely-adapted common species. This habitat type in and adjacent to the OPSP area supports foraging shorebirds and common birds though due to the limited extent, underdeveloped vegetation, and isolation from known populations, is unsuitable for supporting salt-marsh adapted mammal species and the California Ridgway’s rail (formerly the California clapper rail). Open Water: While not part of the land acreages in Table 7.1 above (because it is not land), open water habitat is present in the 2017 OPSP Update area in the Oyster Cove Marina, as well as the surrounding Bay waters. The San Francisco Bay supports a thriving community of estuarine life. A diversity of invertebrates provide an ample prey base for common fish, which in turn provide food sources for seabirds and marine mammals. Suitable habitat for the Olympia oyster, which consists of solid surfaces to which the larvae can easily attach, is distributed throughout the shoreline of the OPSP area. CHAPTER 7: BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 7-3 Figure 7.1: Habitat Map Source: H. T. Harvey and Associates Ecological Consultants, April 2017 Note: This figure omits the remainder of the Phase II area, which is comprised entirely of “Developed and Landscaped” area. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 7-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page intentionally left blank. CHAPTER 7: BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 7-5 Special-Status Species and Sensitive Habitats CEQA requires assessment of the effects of a project on species that are “threatened, rare, or endangered”; such species are typically described as “special-status species”. For the purpose of environmental review of the Project, special-status species have been defined as described below. Impacts to these species are regulated by some of the federal, state, and local laws and ordinances described under “Regulatory Setting” below. For purposes of this analysis, “special-status” plants are considered plant species that are: • Listed under the federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) as threatened, endangered, proposed threatened, proposed endangered, or a candidate species. • Listed under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA) as threatened, endangered, rare, or a candidate species. • Listed by the California Native Plant Society as rare or endangered on Lists 1A, 1B, 2, 3, or 4. For purposes of this analysis, “special-status” animals are considered animal species that are: • Listed under the FESA as threatened, endangered, proposed threatened, proposed endangered, or a candidate species. • Listed under the CESA as threatened, endangered, or a candidate threatened or endangered species. • Designated by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) as a California species of special concern. • Listed in the California Fish and Game Code as a fully protected species (birds at §3511, mammals at §4700, reptiles and amphibians at §5050, and fish at §5515). Special-Status Plants and Wildlife Figures 3 and 4 in Appendix E map the records of plants and wildlife, respectively, in the vicinity of the 2017 OPSP Update area, and Table 2 in Appendix E lists the potential for special status species to occur in the vicinity of the 2017 OPSP Update. As noted above, the biological resources report (Appendix E) determined that current biological conditions in the area were nearly identical to conditions as assessed in the 2011 EIR. Consistent with 2011 EIR conclusions, the biological resources report determined that no special-status plant species have the potential to occur on-site. There has also been no change in the special-status wildlife species known or expected to occur regularly on or near the 2017 OPSP Update area. The potential suitability of the Northern Coastal Salt Marsh habitat for special-status marsh species such as the California Ridgway’s rail (Rallus obsoletus obsoletus) (previously called the California clapper rail) was reassessed, and where it had previously been determined that the site could potentially provide habitat for that species, it has now been determined that the area does not provide suitable habitat. Wetlands and Waters of the U.S./State Open water and intertidal habitats of San Francisco Bay, and associated wetlands and shoreline areas (extending up to the high tide line or the upper limits of wetlands, whichever is higher) are considered Waters of the U.S. under the Clean Water Act and/or Waters of the State under the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act. These wetlands and aquatic habitats are also important habitats for a variety of animal species. The approximate upslope limits of such areas are shown on Figure 7.1. The 2017 DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 7-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE OPSP Update does not propose any development in areas that may be considered wetlands and/or Waters of the U.S. REGULATORY SETTING There have been no substantial changes to the biological resources regulatory setting of the 2017 OPSP Update area. The full regulatory setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES CRITERIA OF IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE The 2017 OPSP Update may have effects on the biological resources in the area. The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the CEQA Guidelines provide guidance in evaluating project impacts and determining which impacts will be significant. CEQA defines “significant effect on the environment” as “a substantial adverse change in the physical conditions which exist in the area affected by the proposed project.” Under CEQA Guidelines section 15065(a)(1) and Appendix G, a project’s effects on biotic resources may be significant when the project would: 1. have the potential to degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory 2. have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 3. have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community (e.g., oak woodland) identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4. have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands as defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act 5. interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites 6. conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance 7. conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan CHAPTER 7: BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 7-7 HABITAT MODIFICATION Terrestrial Habitats Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Bio-1 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the terrestrial habitat modification under the 2017 OPSP Update remains substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. Development of the 2017 OPSP Update area may result in the redevelopment of up to 34.72 acres of developed and landscaped areas and loss or conversion of up to 0.09 acres of California annual grassland/coyote brush scrub habitat that are located outside USACE jurisdiction. The loss of this habitat acreage is within the impact identified in the 2011 EIR and would not be a new or changed impact. Direct Impacts to Wetland or Aquatic Habitats Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update area includes wetland or aquatic habitats along the shoreline but does not propose development in those areas. Therefore, Impact Bio-2, mitigation measure Bio-2b, and the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion remains applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update area. Because the 2017 OPSP Update implements avoidance of this habitat (mitigation measure Bio-2b), mitigation measures Bio-2a, -2c, and -2d, would not apply to the 2017 OPSP Update area, though they would remain applicable to development in other portions of the OPSP. A total of 0.06 acres of northern coastal salt marsh and 0.13 acres of armored rock levee slope within the approximate limits of USACE jurisdiction are present within the 2017 OPSP Update area and open water is adjacent to much of the site. While development in other portions of the OPSP could occur within wetland or aquatic habitats, no 2017 OPSP Update activities are proposed to occur within these wetland or aquatic habitats and the impact has been reduced for the 2017 OPSP Update and mitigation measures Bio-2a, Bio-2c, and Bio-2d have been deleted in their entirety for development in the 2017 OPSP Update area, but would continue to apply to the remainder of the OPSP. The potential for indirect impact from nearby development is addressed separately below. Indirect Impacts to Water Quality and Sensitive Habitats Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impacts Bio-3 and Bio-4 or mitigation measures Bio-3a and -3b and -4, which would remain applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update, or the significance conclusions of less-than-significant with mitigation as the potential for indirect impact of adjacent/nearby wetland and aquatic habitat remains substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. Although no 2017 OPSP Update development will occur in wetland or aquatic habitats, some grading, construction, and landscaping will occur in close proximity to, and upslope from, sensitive aquatic habitats. There is thus some potential for construction activities to result in indirect effects on these habitats and on water quality in adjacent aquatic habitats. This impact and the mitigation measures to reduce it to less-than-significant levels are unchanged from the 2011 EIR. Habitat for and Individuals of Non-Breeding Special-Status Wildlife Species Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following Impact Bio-5 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the potential of the 2017 OPSP Update to DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 7-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE impact non-breeding special-status wildlife species remains substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. 2017 OPSP Update construction would not result in injury or mortality of any non-breeding individuals of these species, which are mobile enough to avoid construction equipment. There would be no substantial loss of foraging or non-breeding habitat for any of these species, as the 2017 OPSP Update footprint primarily includes already developed and/or heavily impacted areas, which remains unchanged since the 2011 EIR. Habitat for and Individuals of Certain Potentially Nesting Special-Status Birds Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact and mitigation measure Bio-6, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion as the biological conditions and potential to disturb nesting special-status birds remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. Some special-status bird species could potentially nest in or adjacent to the 2017 OPSP Update area but are not expected to be significantly impacted by the OPSP. These species include the white-tailed kite and loggerhead shrike, for which there is a very low probability of nesting, as well as the San Francisco common yellowthroat, Alameda song sparrow, and Bryant’s savannah sparrow, which have a somewhat higher probability of nesting in wetland vegetation at the periphery of the site. 2017 OPSP Update activities could result in loss of a small amount of marginal nesting and foraging habitat and breeding individuals could be temporarily disturbed or displaced by construction-related noise and activity, which has not changed since the 2011 EIR. DISTURBANCE OR LOSS OF SPECIAL-STATUS SPECIES Burrowing Owls Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM conclusion reduced to LTS): Conditions have not changed substantially since the 2011 EIR or due to the 2017 OPSP Update. The 2017 OPSP Update portion of the OPSP does not contain substantial habitat for burrowing owls, so mitigation measures Bio-7a though -7c would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update and Impact Bio-7 would be less- than-significant with no mitigation required for that area. Burrowing owls occur at scattered locations throughout the South San Francisco Bay Area where low grasslands and ruderal habitats support ground squirrel colonies. There is only 0.09 acre of grassland habitat on the 2017 OPSP Update site and no ground squirrel burrows were found during reconnaissance surveys at the site. Therefore, there would not be the potential for a significant impact to burrowing owls due to development in the 2017 OPSP Update area and mitigation measures Bio-7a through Bio-7c would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update area, though they would continue to apply to the remainder of the OPSP. Increased Recreational Disturbance on Wildlife Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Bio-8 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the biological conditions and potential for increased recreational activity to disturb wildlife remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. Increased recreational usage by proposed residents would not substantially change the conclusions, which already assumed substantial human activity. CHAPTER 7: BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 7-9 Impacts of Lighting on Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Bio-9 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the biological conditions and potential for increased lighting to impact wildlife remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. Residential lighting is not generally more intensive than lighting for office/R&D development and would not substantially change the conclusions, which already assumed substantial amounts of artificial lighting. Impacts to Migratory Birds from Buildings and Lighting Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following impact or significance conclusion as the biological conditions and potential for bird strikes remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. Changes to the specifics of building design and use under the 2017 OPSP Update would not result in substantial changes under this topic, although the mitigation has been updated to include currently-recommended measures to reduce potential for bird strikes. Impact Bio-10: Increased Potential for Bird Strikes. Relative to the height of the existing structures, several of the OPSP’s proposed buildings will project higher, creating new, somewhat larger obstacles along the flight path of migrating and foraging birds. Therefore, the OPSP could result in the creation of a new strike hazard for migrating. Although large-scale injury or mortality of birds due to collisions with buildings is not anticipated, because of the potential for such mortality to occur, the OPSP is considered to have a potentially significant impact to migratory birds. The 2017 OPSP Update area is located along the Pacific Flyway for migratory birds, and the juxtaposition of wetland, shoreline, and open water habitats used by birds results in large-scale movements of birds along the edge of San Francisco Bay, both during long-distance movements (such as migration) and during daily movements between roosting and foraging habitats. Within the 2017 OPSP Update area, there is some potential for birds to collide during daytime and nocturnal flights with structures such as windows of proposed buildings. Although proposed buildings are likely to be at a lower height than most migrating birds will be flying, the OPSP would create potential bird strike hazards at elevations that do not currently exist. Although large-scale injury or mortality of birds due to collisions with buildings has not been reported from the West Coast, depending on the design of the buildings there is some potential for such mortality to occur in the absence of mitigation measures. This potential for impact would not be substantially changed with the changes under the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measures Revised Bio-10a: Lighting Measures to Reduce Impacts to Birds. During design of any building greater than 100 feet tall, the OPSP Applicant shall consult with a qualified biologist experienced with bird strikes and building/lighting design issues to identify lighting-related measures to minimize the effects of the building’s lighting on birds. Such measures, which may include the following and/or other measures, shall be incorporated into the building’s design and operation. • Use strobe or flashing lights in place of continuously burning lights for obstruction lighting. Use flashing white lights rather than continuous light, red light, or rotating beams DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 7-10 2017 OPSP UPDATE • Install shields onto light sources not necessary for air traffic to direct light towards the ground. • Extinguish all exterior lighting (i.e., rooftop floods, perimeter spots) not required for public safety. • When interior or exterior lights must be left on at night, the operator of the buildings shall examine and adopt alternatives to bright, all-night, floor-wide lighting, which may include: o Installing motion-sensitive lighting. o Using desk lamps and task lighting. o Reprogramming timers. o Use of lower-intensity lighting. • Windows or window treatments that reduce transmission of light out of the building shall be implemented to the extent feasible. Revised Bio-10b: Building Design Measures to Minimize Bird Strike Risk. During design of any building greater than 100 feet tall, the OPSP Applicant shall consult with a qualified biologist experienced with bird strikes and building/lighting design issues to identify measures related to the external appearance of the building to minimize the risk of bird strikes. Such measures, which may include the following and/or other measures, shall be incorporated into the building’s design. • Minimize the extent of glazing. • Use low-reflective glass. • Use window films, mullions, blinds, or other internal or external features to “break up” reflective surfaces rather than having large, uninterrupted areas of surfaces that reflect, and thus may not appear noticeably different (to a bird) from, vegetation or the sky. • Use non-reflective tinted glass. • Use window films to make windows visible to birds from the outside. • Use external surfaces/designs that “break up” reflective surfaces rather than having large, uninterrupted areas of surfaces that reflect, and thus may not appear noticeably different (to a bird) from, the sky. Implementation of the building design and lighting measures presented in mitigation measures Bio-10a and Bio-10b will avoid and minimize impacts to migrating and foraging birds as a result of increased bird strikes and the impact will be reduced to a less-than-significant level. TREES PROTECTED BY THE CITY’S TREE PROTECTION ORDINANCE Less Significant Conclusion (LTS conclusion reduced to NI): There are no protected trees in the 2017 OPSP Update portion of the OPSP, therefore, Impact Bio-11 is not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update, which would have a no impact conclusion related to protected trees. No trees of protected size or that were known to be protected by special designation from the City director (as demarcated by a fence) were found to occur on-site. The City’s Tree Preservation CHAPTER 7: BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 7-11 Ordinance is applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update, which will meet or exceed landscape tree requirements. IMPACTS OF IN-WATER CONSTRUCTION Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM reduced to NI): The 2017 OPSP Update does not include any in-water construction. Therefore, impacts Bio-12 through Bio-15 and related mitigation measures are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update, which would have no impact related to in-water construction. HABITAT CONSERVATION PLAN OR NATURAL COMMUNITY CONSERVATION PLAN Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): No portion of the OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update area, is within a conservation plan area. The 2011 EIR conclusion of no impact in this regard would remain applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. CUMULATIVE BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES IMPACTS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion as biological conditions remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP and the 2017 OPSP Update would not have a cumulatively considerable contribution to cumulative impacts to biological resources. The cumulative condition as it relates to biological resources remains substantially the same as under the 2011 EIR. With the exception of isolated protected open spaces, the 2017 OPSP Update vicinity is largely built up, and few areas for new development remain. However, infill development and redevelopment of existing areas are likely to occur in the OPSP vicinity, including the remainder of the OPSP. For example, the Candlestick Point-Hunters Point Shipyard redevelopment project is proposed to the north of the OPSP area. All of these projects are each expected to complete (or have completed) their own separate CEQA reviews, and to address any potential impacts therein by mitigating them to a less than significant level. With implementation of the mitigation measures above, no significant impacts are expected as a result of implementation of the 2017 OPSP Update. The proposed 2017 OPSP Update will not result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to cumulative impacts to biological resources. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 7-12 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page has been intentionally left blank 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 8-1 8 CULTURAL RESOURCES INTRODUCTION The changes in the 2017 OPSP Update do not change the potential for cultural resources impacts. However, changes in CEQA to clarify inclusion of tribal cultural resources and changes in recommended standard procedures to address unknown resources at developed sites have resulted in revised statements with the same conclusions related to potential discovery of unknown resources. Preparation of this section used information from the 2011 EIR and updated records searches through the Northwest Information Center and the Native American Heritage Commission, included as Appendix F. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING There have been no changes to the cultural resources environmental setting of the OPSP site, including the OPSP Update area. The full setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B) and summarized briefly below. The Oyster Point Business Park was developed in the early 1980s. Prior to the current development, the portion of the OPSP site that was not marshland at the Bay margins (subsequently filled for development) was part of larger grazing lands/cattle operations that had been established by 1810. Before historical-period use, the general San Francisco Bay Area was known to have been inhabited by Native Americans, known generally as part of the Coastanoan or Ohlone tribal groups. REGULATORY SETTING There has been one change to the cultural resources regulatory setting of the OPSP site, including the OPSP Update area, as described below. The full regulatory setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES A recent addition to CEQA is the Native American Historic Resource Protection Act (Assembly Bill 52), which is intended to minimize conflict between Native American and development interests. AB 52 adds "tribal cultural resources" to the specific cultural resources analyzed under CEQA, as reflected by the addition of item 5 below. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 8-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Criteria of Impact Significance Under the CEQA Guidelines, Appendix G – Environmental Checklist Form, a significant impact will occur if the proposed 2017 OPSP Update would: 1. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resources as defined in CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5; 2. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5; 3. Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature; or 4. Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. 5. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American Tribe, that is: a. listed or eligible for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources, or included in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or b. a resource determined by a lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe. DISTURBANCE OF CULTURAL RESOURCES Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusions. The impact statement and mitigation measures have been revised to clarify that tribal cultural resources are included as cultural resources per the Native American Historic Resource Protection Act. Revised Impact Culture-1: Disturbance of Unidentified Paleontological Resources, Archaeological Resources, Tribal Cultural Resources, or Human Remains. During earth-moving activities at the OPSP site, it is possible that unidentified paleontological resources, archaeological resources, tribal cultural resources, or human remains could be uncovered and disturbed. The 2017 OPSP Update site has been previously disturbed and is covered with business park development, roadways, and landfill debris. A cultural resources records search was performed again to be sure no new information had become available since the 2011 EIR. The records search was performed by the Northwest Information Center (NWIC) at Sonoma State University, part of the California Historical Resources Information System (included in Appendix F). The NWIC noted that buildings at the site could be at or nearing historic age. Given development of the site in the early 1980s, as under the 2011 EIR, none of the buildings at the site are at historic age. The CHAPTER 8: CULTURAL RESOURCES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 8-3 NWIC confirmed that there are no known cultural resources at the Project site and moderate potential for discovery of unrecorded historic-period archaeological and/or Native American resources given the characteristics and history of the site and area. A search of the Sacred Lands Files by the Native American Heritage Commission was also performed (included in Appendix F), and confirmed that there are no records of Native American Sacred Lands in the vicinity of the OPSP. While no tribes requested consultation under AB52, as recommended, the Native American tribes historically active in the area were contacted via letter on August 15, 2017. No response has been received, indicating that there are no additional concerns of tribal cultural resources that could be disturbed in the area. While there are no known cultural resources at the Project site, records searches have identified a moderate potential for discovery of unrecorded historic-period archaeological and/or Native American resources during disturbance of native soils. Similarly, while there is no indication that human remains are present at the Project site, the potential exists for discovery during ground disturbing activities. Revised Mitigation Measures Culture-1a: Halt Construction Activity, Evaluate Find and Implement Mitigation. In the event that any previously unidentified paleontological resources, tribal cultural resources, or archaeological resources are uncovered during site preparation, excavation or other construction activity, all such activity shall cease until these resources have been evaluated by a qualified paleontologist or archaeologist and specific mitigation measures can be implemented to protect these resources. Culture-1b: Halt Construction Activity, Evaluate Find and Take Appropriate Action in Coordination with Native American Heritage Commission. In the event that any human remains are uncovered during site preparation, excavation or other construction activity, all such activity shall cease until these resources have been evaluated by the County Coroner, and appropriate action taken if necessary in coordination with the Native American Heritage Commission. Incorporation of mitigation measures Culture-1a and -1b will reduce the impacts associated with possible disturbance of unidentified paleontological resources, archaeological resources, tribal cultural resources, or unidentified human remains at the OPSP site, including the 2017 OPSP Update area, to a level of less than significant. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 8-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page has been intentionally left blank 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 9-1 9 GEOLOGY AND SOILS INTRODUCTION This chapter summarizes geologic and geotechnical aspects related to the 2017 OPSP Update. Kleinfelder, Inc., who prepared the geology and soils chapter in coordination with Lamphier-Gregory for the 2011 EIR, reassessed the 2017 OPSP Update for this SEIR given current setting information and the changes with the 2017 OPSP Update. This chapter is based on their assessment, included as Appendix G. The updated discussion is based on a review of the following documents, which have become available or been modified since the 2011 EIR: • California Building Code, Title 24, 2014. • City of South San Francisco, “2010 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, City of South San Francisco Annex”, June 29, 2011. • PMC, “City of South San Francisco Climate Action Plan”, February 13, 2014. • California Geological Survey, “Earthquake zones of Required Investigation, San Francisco South Quadrangle”, November 17, 2000. REGULATORY SETTING The full regulatory setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). The following changes to the regulatory section have occurred since the 2011 EIR. CITY OF SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN In 2011, ABAG released a Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) updating the 2006 HMP. The 2011 HMP lists seven earthquake related hazards (fault-related ground surface rupture, seismic shaking, earthquake induced landslides, liquefaction, dynamic/seismic compaction, lateral spreading and tsunamis) and four weather related hazards (flooding, landslides, wildfires and drought). The 2011 HMP was approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in March 2011. Participating local governments, such as the City of South San Francisco, have prepared annexes to the 2011 HMP to specifically explain how the HMP applies to their jurisdiction. The City’s annex was released on June 29, 2011. The annex details previous disaster occurrences, assesses risk and vulnerability, describes natural hazard exposure associated with land uses, critical facilities and infrastructure within the City. CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE (2010) The California Building Code (CBC) was developed to incorporate modifications to the International Building Code (developed by the International Conference of Building Officials) required by California law and statute and has been adopted by most jurisdictions in California, including the City of South San Francisco, to oversee construction. The CBC defines four Seismic Zones in California, DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 9-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE which are ranked according to their seismic hazard potential. Zone 1 has the least seismic potential and Zone 4 has the highest seismic potential. The City of South San Francisco is located in Seismic Zone 4 and thus development is required to comply with all design standards applicable to Seismic Zone 4. The earthquake protection law (California Health and Safety Code section 19100 et seq.) requires that structures be designed to resist stresses produced by lateral forces caused by wind and earthquakes. Specific minimum standards for seismic safety and structural design to meet earthquake protection requirements are set forth in Chapter 16 of the 2016 CBC. For earthquake design, Chapter 16 of the 2016 CBC shall be used. To estimate seismic design parameters, site class estimation is required. Based on the existence of Bay Mud and landfill material, the site can be classified as Site Class E (soft soils) and/or Site Class D (stiff soils). For the code level Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE), the site could experience peak ground accelerations (PGA) of 0.6g to 0.7g. GEOLOGIC SETTING AND SEISMICITY The full setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). The following changes to the setting section have occurred since the 2011 EIR. STRONG GROUND SHAKING A recent publication prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey regarding earthquake probabilities in the San Francisco Bay Area (Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 2014) concludes that there is a 72 percent chance that one of the major faults within the Bay Area will experience a major (M6.7+) earthquake during the period of 2014-2043. As has been demonstrated recently by the 1989 (M6.9) Loma Prieta earthquake, the 1994 (M6.7) Northridge earthquake, and the 1995 (M6.9) Kobe earthquake, earthquakes of this magnitude range can cause severe ground shaking and significant damage to modern urban areas. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES STANDARDS OF SIGNIFICANCE According to CEQA Guidelines, exposure of people or structures to major geological hazards is considered a significant adverse impact. The potential geologic, geotechnical, and seismic effects of the proposed OPSP can be considered from two points of view: (1) construction impacts; and, (2) geologic hazards to people or structures. The basic criterion applied to the analysis of construction impacts is whether construction of the OPSP will create unstable geologic conditions that would last beyond the short-term construction period. The analysis of geological hazards is based on the degree to which the site geology could produce hazards to people or structures from earthquakes, ground shaking, ground movement, fault rupture, or other geologic hazards, features or events. According to CEQA Guidelines, the project would have a significant environmental impact if it were to result in: 1. The exposure of people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault; CHAPTER 9: GEOLOGY AND SOILS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 9-3 2. The exposure of people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving strong seismic ground shaking; 3. The exposure of people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction and seismic- induced landslides; 4. The exposure of people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving landslides; 5. Development located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable (or that would become unstable as a result of the OPSP) and which could potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse; 6. The exposure of people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving volcanic hazards; 7. Development located on expansive soil, creating substantial risks to life and property; 8. The loss of topsoil or development in an area of erodible soils. 9. Development in areas where soils are incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater; 10. The alteration or destruction of a unique geological feature. SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Geo-1 or the less-than-significant conclusion as there are no known faults at the site, and this has not changed since the 2011 OPSP. EXPOSURE TO STRONG SEISMIC GROUND SHAKING Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Geo-2, mitigation measures Geo-2a, -2b, and -2c, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion as the known seismically active region has not changed since the 2011 OPSP and construction standards, while updated, are substantially the same and remain applicable to development under the 2017 OPSP Update. SEISMICALLY INDUCED GROUND FAILURE, INCLUDING LIQUEFACTION AND GROUND SURFACE SETTLEMENT Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impacts Geo-3 and -4, mitigation measures Geo-3a, -3b, and -4, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusions as site soil characteristics have not changed since the 2011 OPSP and the changes in the 2017 OPSP Update would not change requirements or conclusions. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 9-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE VARIABLE SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impacts Geo-5 and -6, mitigation measures Geo-5a, -5b, -5c, and -6, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusions as the subsurface conditions have not changed since the 2011 OPSP. LANDFILL GAS AT BUILDING-SOIL INTERFACE Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update area (Phases III and IV), the proposed residential development, is outside the landfill area. Impact Geo-7 and mitigation measure Geo-7 therefore would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update area SETTLEMENT OF LANDFILL MATERIALS Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM conclusion reduced to LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update area (Phases III and IV), the proposed residential development, is outside the landfill area. Impact Geo-8 and mitigation measures Geo-8a and -8b would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update area, which would not have the potential to be impacted by settlement of landfill refuse. UNDERGROUND UTILITIES IN LANDFILL AREAS Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM reduced to LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update area (Phases III and IV), the proposed residential development, is outside the landfill area. Impacts Geo-9 through -13 and mitigation measures Geo-9a, -9b, -9c, -10, -11, -12, and -13would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update area. SOIL EROSION Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Geo-14, mitigation measure Geo-14, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion as the potential for soil erosion and requirement to include best management practices to reduce soil erosion potential have not changed since the 2011 OPSP. EXPANSIVE SOILS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Geo-15 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the low potential for expansive soils at the site has not changed since the 2011 OPSP. LANDSLIDES Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion related to landslides as the lack of potential for landslides has not changed since the 2011 OPSP. VOLCANIC HAZARDS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion related to volcanic hazards as the lack of potential for volcanic hazards have not changed since the 2011 OPSP. CHAPTER 9: GEOLOGY AND SOILS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 9-5 SEPTIC SYSTEMS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion related to septic systems as the 2017 OPSP Update area is serviced by the city’s sewer system, which has not changed since the 2011 OPSP. UNIQUE GEOLOGICAL FEATURES Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion related to unique geologic features as the lack of unique geologic features at the site has not changed since the 2011 OPSP. WAVE SUSTAINABILITY OF BAYSIDE OPEN SPACE Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM reduced to NI): Impact and mitigation measure Geo-16 relate to the Crescent Park and Beach, which is located outside of the 2017 OPSP Update area. Therefore, this impact and mitigation measure are not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update, which would have no impact related to beach wave stability. CUMULATIVE GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES IMPACTS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion as geological conditions remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP and would not have a cumulatively considerable contribution to cumulative impacts to geological resources. With implementation of the mitigation measures above, no significant impacts are expected as a result of implementation of the 2017 OPSP Update and other area development will also be required to comply with applicable building standards. The proposed 2017 OPSP Update will not result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to cumulative impacts to biological resources. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 9-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page intentionally left blank. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 10-1 10 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INTRODUCTION This chapter evaluates the potential significance of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) impacts related to the 2017 OPSP Update. Because of changes in recommended emission modeling methodologies and change in use to residential on a portion of the site, Ramboll Environ prepared a new assessment of GHGs for this SEIR, as included in full in Appendix D. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING While the environmental setting is generally unchanged from the 2011 EIR, some information is repeated here to provide an understanding of terms and concepts used in this discussion. GREENHOUSE GASES The primary GHG generated by human activity is carbon dioxide CO2. Fossil fuel combustion, especially for the generation of electricity and powering of motor vehicles, has led to substantial increases in CO2 emissions (and thus substantial increases in atmospheric concentrations). Other GHGs that can result from human activity include methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone (O3), and fluorinated gases, such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFC), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). The effect each GHG has on climate change is measured as a combination of the volume of its emissions, and its global warming potential (GWP),1 and is expressed as a function of how much warming would be caused by the same mass of CO2. Thus, GHG emissions are typically measured in terms of pounds or tons of CO2 equivalents (CO2e). REGULATORY SETTING The full regulatory setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). The following changes to the regulatory section have occurred since the 2011 EIR. STATE OF CALIFORNIA State of California Executive Orders The California Air Resource Board (CARB) is the agency responsible for coordination and oversight of state and local air pollution control programs in California. There are currently no state regulations in 1 The potential of a gas or aerosol to trap heat in the atmosphere. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 10-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE California that establish ambient air quality standards for GHGs. However, California has passed laws directing CARB to develop actions to reduce GHG emissions, and several state legislative actions related to climate change and GHG emissions have come into play since the 2011 EIR, as follows. Executive Order B-30-15. Governor Brown signed EO-B-30-15 on April 29, 2015, establishing a statewide GHG reduction target of 40% below 1990 levels by 2030, as an interim target intended to keep the state on track to achieve S-3-05’s target of 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. Senate Bill X 1-2. Senate Bill X1-2, signed by Governor Brown in April 2011, enacted the California Renewable Energy Resources Act. The law obligates all California electricity providers, including investor-owned and publicly-owned utilities, to obtain at least 33% of their energy from renewable resources by the year 2020. Senate Bill 350. SB 350 (Chapter 547, Statutes of 2015), the Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act of 2015, was signed by Governor Brown on October 7, 2015. SB 350 increased the standards of the California Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) program by requiring that the amount of electricity generated and sold to retail customers per year from eligible renewable energy resources be increased from 33 percent to 50 percent by December 31, 2030. The Act requires the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission to establish annual targets for statewide energy efficiency savings and demand reduction that will achieve a cumulative doubling of statewide energy efficiency savings in existing electricity and natural gas final end uses of retail customers by January 1, 2030. State of California Building Codes California Building and Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24). Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR) requires that the design of building shells and building components conserve energy, which also acts to reduce GHG emissions. These standards are updated periodically to consider and incorporate new energy efficiency technologies and methods. Residential buildings built to 2016 Title 24 Standards, which went into effect on January 1, 2017, will use about 28 percent less energy for lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, and water heating compared to the 2013 Title 24 Standards, which went into effect on January 1, 2014. The 2013 Standards are approximately 24 percent more energy efficient for residential buildings, and 30 percent more energy efficient for nonresidential buildings, compared to the previous 2008 Building and Energy Efficiency Standards.2 California Green Building Standards The California Green Building Standards Code (Part 11, Title 24) was adopted as part of the California Building Standards Code (Title 24, CCR), known as CALGreen, in 2008 as the nation’s first green building standards. The 2010 edition of the code established voluntary standards on planning and design for sustainable site development, energy efficiency (in excess of the California Energy Code requirements), water conservation, material conservation, and internal air quality. The mandatory provisions of the code became effective January 1, 2011. CALGreen refers to the mandatory Building Standards described above, and also includes voluntary Tier 1 and Tier 2 programs for cities and counties that wish to adopt more stringent green building requirements 2 California Energy Commission, 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, CA, available at http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2016standards/. CHAPTER 10: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 10-3 REGIONAL AND LOCAL Bay Area Air Quality Management District As discussed in Chapter 6: Air Quality, South San Francisco is located within the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). BAAQMD issues their CEQA Air Quality Guidelines (BAAQMD Guidelines) to assist lead agencies in evaluating and mitigating air quality and greenhouse gas impacts. The 2011 EIR was being prepared as the 1999 BAAQMD Guidelines were being updated for the 2010 draft and the 2011 EIR compared the OPSP to both thresholds. The latest draft of the BAAQMD guidelines was issued in May 2017 and includes thresholds consistent with the 2010 draft BAAQMD Guidelines assessed in the 2011 EIR. Sustainable Communities Strategy/Plan Bay Area The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) is the federally recognized metropolitan planning organization for the nine county Bay Area, which includes San Mateo County and the City of South San Francisco. In July 2017, the Plan Bay Area 2040 was jointly approved by the Association of Bay Area Governments’ (ABAG) Executive Board and by MTC as a strategic update to the previous Plan Bay Area 2013. The Plan includes the region's Sustainable Communities Strategy and the 2040 Regional Transportation Plan. The Sustainable Communities Strategy lays out how the region will meet GHG reduction targets set by the California Air Resources Board. CARB’s targets call for the region to reduce per capita vehicular GHG emissions 15 percent by 2040. Clean Air Plan As discussed in Chapter 6: Air Quality, South San Francisco is located in the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin and is subject to the Bay Area Clean Air Plan, the latest update of which, the Bay Area 2017 Clean Air Plan, was adopted in April 2017, since the 2011 EIR. The 2017 Clean Air Plan includes goals and actions intended to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The 2017 Clean Air Plan includes the Bay Area’s first-ever comprehensive Regional Climate Protection Strategy (RCPS), which identifies potential rules, control measures, and strategies that the BAAQMD can pursue to reduce GHG in the Bay Area. Measures of the 2017 Clean Air Plan addressing the transportation sector are in direct support of Plan Bay Area and include the region’s Sustainable Communities Strategy and the 2040 Regional Transportation Plan. Highlights of the 2017 Clean Air Plan control strategy include: • Limit Combustion: Develop a region-wide strategy to improve fossil fuel combustion efficiency at industrial facilities, beginning with the three largest sources of industrial emissions: oil refineries, power plants, and cement plants. • Stop Methane Leaks: Reduce methane emissions from landfills and oil and natural gas production and distribution. • Reduce Exposure to Toxics: Reduce emissions of toxic air contaminants by adopting more stringent limits and methods for evaluating toxic risks at existing and new facilities. • Put a Price on Driving: Implement pricing measures to reduce travel demand. • Advance Electric Vehicles: Accelerate the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. • Promote Clean Fuels: Promote the use of clean fuels and low or zero carbon technologies in trucks and heavy-duty vehicles. • Accelerate Low Carbon Buildings: Expand the production of low-carbon, renewable energy by promoting on-site technologies such as rooftop solar and ground-source heat pumps. • Support More Energy Choices: Support community choice energy programs throughout the Bay Area. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 10-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE • Make Buildings More Efficient: Promote energy efficiency in both new and existing buildings. • Make Space and Water Heating Cleaner: Promote the switch from natural gas to electricity for space and water heating in Bay Area buildings. To achieve its goals, the 2017 Clean Air Plan identifies 85 emissions control measures for implementation by BAAQMD in collaboration with local government agencies, the business community, and Bay Area residents. The control measures target the following emissions sources: • Stationary sources (40 measures); • Transportation (23 measures); • Energy (2 measures); • Buildings (4 measures); • Agriculture (4 measures); • Natural and working lands (3 measures); • Waste management (4 measures); • Water (2 measures); • Super-GHGs (3 measures); and • Further study (miscellaneous stationary, building, and agriculture sources) (11 measures). South San Francisco Climate Action Plan The City adopted a qualified GHG reduction plan in 2014, the City of South San Francisco Climate Action Plan. This plan estimated community-wide GHG emissions of 548,600 metric tons CO2e in 2005 and a target reduction of 15% below the 2005 baseline levels by 2020, and includes various reduction measures to meet that goal. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines (Environmental Checklist) contains a list of effects that may be considered significant, including relating to GHGs. Implementation of the 2017 OPSP Update would have a significant effect on the environment if it were to: • Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment • Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS Less Significant Conclusion (SU conclusion changed to LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update is consistent with the Climate Action Plan, which has been adopted since the 2011 EIR. Additionally, the 2017 OPSP Update area would result in reduced GHG emission rates due to the inclusion of residential uses, and updated modeling further reduces previously-calculated construction-period and operational GHG emissions. Impact GHG-1 (combined with Impact GHG-2) is revised and the conclusion is reduced to less-than-significant. Mitigation measure GHG-1 is not necessary to further reduce emissions and is therefore not applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. CHAPTER 10: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 10-5 Impact GHG-1: Construction-Period and GHG Emissions. Temporary construction-related exhaust would be an additional source of GHG emissions that could contribute to significant impacts on the environment. This is a less-than-significant impact. Impact GHG-2: Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions. New development in the OPSP area would be an additional source of construction-period and operational GHG emissions, primarily through consumption of energy for transportation and energy usage, which could contribute to significant impacts on the environment. However, projects are required to implement all applicable measures of the Climate Action Plan and emission rates will be below applicable threshold levels. This impact is potentially less-than-significant. The relevant BAAQMD Guidelines significance thresholds for operational GHG emissions are: • Compliance with Qualified GHG Reduction Strategy, or • Emissions at or below an efficiency threshold of 4.6 metric tons (MT) CO2e per service population (residents and employees) per year Compliance with Qualified GHG Reduction Strategy Since the 2011 EIR, the City has adopted a Climate Action Plan, which is a qualified GHG reduction strategy. The Climate Action Plan includes reduction measures to be implemented to meet city-wide reduction goals. Many of the Climate Action Plan’s reduction measures are targeted to city-wide strategies that are not directly applicable to development projects. The project is located near the ferry terminal and would include pedestrian/bicycle connections and walkways and participate in a Transportation Demand Management program to promote transit and reduce trips (contributing to Measures 1.1 through 1.3). The project would include new tree plantings (Measure 3.4) and would meet current standards of energy and water efficiency (Measures 3.1 and 6.1), and occupants would participate in recycling for waste reduction (Measure 5.1). Development projects in the city, including those in the 2017 OPSP Update area, are required to complete a GHG Compliance Checklist during the plan review process demonstrating that all applicable requirements are met. The 2017 OPSP Update will comply with the Climate Action Plan and impacts related to GHG emissions would be less than significant. Efficiency Threshold While comparison to a quantified threshold is not strictly necessary if a project complies with a qualified GHG reduction strategy – which it does, as discussed above – the GHG emissions were also quantified to allow for comparison to the analysis in the 2011 EIR. BAAQMD has not adopted a threshold of significance specific to construction-period GHG. In the 2011 EIR, construction and operational GHG emissions were considered separately. However, it is now standard practice among jurisdictions in the Bay Area to amortize construction emissions over the lifetime of the building (conservatively estimated at 40 years) and add these emissions to annual operational emissions to compare against the adopted annual threshold above. Operational GHG emissions were modeled for the 2017 OPSP Update area using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) version 2016.3.1, using trip information from the traffic study for this SEIR. Construction GHG emissions were calculated using methodologies consistent with DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 10-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE CalEEMod, using a project specific construction list and schedule. Emissions model inputs and results are included in Appendix D. The results of the GHG emission modeling are shown in Table 10.1. Table 10.1: 2017 OPSP Update Area GHG Emissions Source Description GHG Emissions (MT CO2e/year) Mobile (i.e., traffic) 3,914 Area (e.g., landscaping, maintenance) 62.8 Electricity 3,837 Natural Gas 2,444 Water 1,345 Waste Disposal 425 Vegetation Amortized 1 -1.2 Construction Amortized 1 188 Total 12,216 Service Population 2 5,001 Emissions per Service Population 2.4 Total emissions for entire OPSP 16,004 Emissions per Service Population with entire OPSP 2.5 BAAQMD Service Population Threshold 4.6 Above Threshold? no 1 Construction and vegetation are amortized over 40 years (assumed lifetime of development). For vegetation, the negative value indicates CO2e sequestration, as opposed to emissions. 2 Service population is equal to 1.78 residents per dwelling unit and 376 sf per Phase II employee plus 35 employees for Phase III and IV. The stationary source emissions (from diesel emergency generators) would have additional annual GHG emissions of approximately 58 MT CO2e per year. These are not included in the table above, because as stationary sources, are compared to a different threshold of 10,000 MT CO2e per year. Stationary source emissions from the project would be below the stationary source threshold. While the 2011 EIR did not quantify construction-period GHG emissions for Phases II, III, and IV, an estimate of about 13,000 MT of GHG emissions for those phases would have been calculated assuming 2011 OPSP land uses and 2011 EIR modeling methodologies. The GHG emissions calculated for Phases II, III, and IV under the 2017 OPSP Update land uses and with current methodologies total 7,525 CO2e. There is no substantial difference in construction emissions between the campus-style office/R&D uses proposed in the 2011 OPSP and the multi-family residential uses proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update, and the reduction in construction emissions from that was assumed under the 2011 EIR is due largely to vehicle fleets having become lower-emitting over time. Mitigation measure GHG- 1 from the 2011 EIR is not necessary to reduce emissions of the 2017 OPSP Update. Measures identified to reduce traffic and air quality emissions would act to further reduce construction-period and operational GHG emissions, including mitigation measure Traf-1 requiring a transportation demand management plan and mitigation measure Air-4a requiring construction dust and emission control. The 2011 EIR calculated operational GHG emissions for buildout of the entire OPSP area at 4.64 MT CO2e per service population per year. Because modeling methodologies have changed since the 2011 EIR, the emissions for the entire OPSP have been recalculated at 2.5 MT CO2e per service population per year, which would be below the threshold of 4.6 MT CO2e per service population per year and the CHAPTER 10: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 10-7 impact would be less than significant. This reduction in emission rates is due to the use of updated modelling techniques which incorporate reductions due to new regulations for mobile vehicles, building energy efficiency, and electricity intensity. In addition, the 2017 OPSP Update includes multi- family residential uses, which generally have a higher population increase compared to GHG emission increase ratio than office/R&D uses and therefore generally result in reduced rates based on service populations. Construction-period and operational GHG emissions in the 2017 OPSP Update area would be lower than those assumed in the 2011 EIR due to both the change in use on a portion of the site to residential and updated modeling, which takes into account more current regulatory reductions, the OPSP impact related to GHG emissions, including the 2017 OPSP Update area, would be less than significant, a reduction in significance from the significant and unavoidable impact identified in the 2011EIR. CONSISTENCY WITH GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION PLANS Same Conclusion (Conclusions remains NI): The Clean Air Plan has been updated and the South San Francisco Climate Action Plan has been adopted since the 2011 EIR but the 2017 OPSP Update remains consistent with relevant plans and the no additional cumulative impact conclusion remains unchanged from the 2011 EIR. Consistency with the Climate Action Plan is discussed above and the 2017 OPSP Update would be consistent with that plan. BAAQMD recommends analyzing a project’s consistency with current air quality plan primary goals and control measures. The impact would be significant if the project would conflict with or obstruct attainment of the primary goals or implementation of the control measures. The primary goal of the 2017 Clean Air Plan as it relates to GHG emissions is: • Reduce Bay Area GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. Many of the Clean Air Plan’s control measures are targeted to area-wide improvements, regional policies, or large stationary source reductions, and these are not directly applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. However, the 2017 OPSP Update would be consistent with all rules and regulations related to construction activities and the proposed development would meet current standards of energy and water efficiency (Energy Control Measure EN1 and Water Control Measure WR2) and recycling and green waste requirements (Waste Management Control Measures WA3 and WA4) and the required TDM plans (see Traf-1) will contribute to trip reduction programs (Transportation Control Measure TR2), and improving access/connectivity for bicycles and pedestrians (Transportation Control Measure TR9). The 2017 OPSP Update does not conflict with applicable control measures, is generally consistent with the Clean Air Plan as well as the City’s Climate Action Plan. Emissions were analyzed in this SEIR per the BAAQMD May 2017 CEQA Air Quality Guidelines. BAAQMD’s thresholds and methodologies take into account implementation of state-wide regulations and plans, such as the AB 32 Scoping Plan and adopted state regulations such as Pavley and the low carbon fuel standard. Therefore, as determined in the 2011 EIR, there would be no impact in relation to consistency with GHG reduction plans. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 10-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page intentionally left blank. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 11-1 11 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INTRODUCTION This chapter summarizes hazardous materials topics as they relate to the 2017 OPSP Update. Kleinfelder, Inc., who prepared this chapter in coordination with Lamphier-Gregory for the 2011 EIR, reassessed the 2017 OPSP Update for this SEIR given current setting information and the changes with the 2017 OPSP Update. This chapter is based on their assessment, included as Appendix G. REGULATORY SETTING The full regulatory setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). There have been no substantial changes to the regulatory section since the 2011 EIR. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING There have been no substantial changes to the hazardous materials environmental setting relevant to the 2017 OPSP Update. The full setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B) and updated hazardous materials sites in the vicinity have been updated below. Appendix G includes a discussion of changes in setting that do not change the analysis or conclusions related to the 2017 OPSP Update, including an update of the hazardous materials sites within or near the 2017 OPSP Update area. As in the 2011 EIR, while nearby sites have been identified as having prior releases of hazardous materials, there is no reported evidence of active leaks or contamination from these sites affecting soil or groundwater that could migrate to the 2017 OPSP Update area or represent significant releases in the 2017 OPSP Update area requiring any additional actions so these are not further discussed. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES STANDARDS OF SIGNIFICANCE The following thresholds for measuring a project’s environmental impacts are based upon CEQA Guidelines thresholds: 1. Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? 2. Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 11-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE 3. Would the project produce hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? 4. Would the project be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? 5. Would the project be located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport? Would the Project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the Project Area? 6. For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the Project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the Project Area? 7. Would the project impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? 8. Would the project expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires, including where wildlands are adjacent to urbanized areas or where residences are intermixed with wildlands? HAZARDOUS MATERIALS USE, TRANSPORT Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update requires revisions to the Impact Haz-1 statement to specify that it applies to residential uses, and would not change mitigation measures Haz-1a through -1e, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion as the uses in the 2017 OPSP Update area would require routine transportation, use or disposal of household hazardous materials and require compliance with applicable regulations, plans and programs, which remains unchanged since the 2011 EIR.. This section pertains to recurring transportation, use or disposal of hazardous materials as part of long term operation. One time transportation, use or disposal of hazardous materials related to construction and development is discussed in the following sections. Revised Impact Haz-1: Routine transportation, use or disposal of hazardous materials. While specific tenants have not yet been identified, research laboratories are likely to handle materials considered to be biological hazards, chemical hazards and/or carry a risk of fire or explosion. The change from proposed office/R&D uses to residential uses would involve the use of household hazardous waste such as vehicle components and cleaners. The risk of accidental upset and environmental contamination from routine transport, storage, use and disposal of hazardous and potentially hazardous materials to the public and environment is a potentially significant impact. Mitigation measures Haz-1a, -1b, and -1e remain applicable to the office/R&D and proposed residential uses in the 2017 OPSP Update area and require adherence to fire and safety codes, inspection prior to occupancy, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Mitigation measures Haz-1c and -1d remain applicable to any office/R&D in the 2017 OPSP Update area and require participation in the Hazardous Materials Business Plan and Hazardous Waste Generator programs as applicable. Implementation of mitigation measures Haz-1a through -1e would reduce the impact of routine transportation, use or disposal of hazardous materials to a level of less than significant through compliance with existing regulations, plans, and programs as discussed specifically in the measures to CHAPTER 11: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 11-3 ensure adequate safety levels are reached and maintained throughout the life of the 2017 OPSP Update. ACCIDENTAL HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RELEASE Disturbance of Landfill Materials Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM changed to LTS): While a portion of the Phase II area of the 2017 OPSP Update area involves development of an area containing a landfill, landfill materials will be removed from that area as a part of Phase I activities fully addressed in the 2011 EIR. Impact and mitigation measure Haz-2 related to disturbance of landfill materials would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. The residential development proposed in Phases III and IV is outside the landfill area. While the removal of landfill refuse from the Phase II area is proposed as a part of approved Phase I activities to occur prior to 2017 OPSP Update area development, the 2017 OPSP Update would not have the potential for significant impacts related to development of the 2017 OPSP Update. Hazardous Building Materials Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact and mitigation measure Haz-3, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion as the potential for hazardous building materials in structures to be demolished remains unchanged since the 2011 EIR. Construction on a Landfill Cap Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM conclusion changed to LTS): While a portion of the Phase II area of the 2017 OPSP Update area involves development of an area containing a landfill, landfill materials will be removed from that area as a part of Phase I activities fully addressed in the 2011 EIR. Impact Haz-4 and mitigation measures Haz-4a through -4e related to building on a landfill cap would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Operational Hazards Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact and mitigation measure Haz-5, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion as the potential for accidental release of laboratory chemicals remains unchanged since the 2011 EIR. This impact and mitigation remain applicable to office/R&D uses in the 2017 OPSP Update area and would mitigate the potential for hazards, including those to proposed residential uses in the area. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS NEAR SCHOOLS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion related to hazardous materials near schools as the lack of schools in the vicinity have not changed since the 2011 OPSP. The OPSP area is not located within one-quarter mile of a school site. Therefore the OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update area, would have no impact based on proximity to school sites. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 11-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SITES Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM reduced to LTS): While a portion of the Phase II area of the 2017 OPSP Update area involves development of an area containing a landfill, landfill materials will be removed from that area as a part of Phase I activities prior to 2017 OPSP Update area development. Impact Haz-6 and mitigation measures Haz-6a through -6d related to construction activities on a landfill cap would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. AIRPORT LAND USE PLAN Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS): The wording of Impact Haz-7 has been revised to remove wording relating to the previous airport land use plan, which has been revised since the 2011 EIR. The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the less-than-significant conclusion, as the increased building heights under the 2017 OPSP Update remain within height levels considered safe in relation to the airport. Revised Impact Haz-7 Airport Land Use Plan. The OPSP would be located within the jurisdiction of the Airport Land Use Plan for the San Francisco International Airport. According to the East of 101 area plan, the most stringent height limits in South San Francisco are south of Forbes Boulevard and Lindenville (the area between Railroad Avenue, South Spruce Avenue, and San Mateo Avenue), which is south of the site. Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 77, limits building heights to an elevation of 161 feet above mean sea level, approximately 12 to 14 stories, in the most restricted areas, increasing at a slope of 20:1 to a height of 361 feet above mean sea level. Since the tallest building portion would not exceed 161 feet in height, Building heights in the OPSP would be in compliance with the Airport Land Use Plan. The impact of the OPSP on the Airport Land Use Plan is less- than-significant with no mitigation warranted. The airport land use plan for San Francisco International Airport has been updated since the 2011 EIR. The OPSP area, including the 2017 OPSP Update area, is mapped in an area where critical aeronautical surfaces are between approximately 400 and 500 feet, which is well above the proposed building heights.1 ADOPTED EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion as the general roadway design and requirements for adequate access have not changed since the 2011 OPSP. WILDLAND FIRES Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion as the lack of wildfire risk in the vicinity have not changed since the 2011 OPSP. 1 City/County Association of Governments of San Mateo County, Comprehensive Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for the Environs of San Francisco International Airport, November 2012, Exhibit IV-5. CHAPTER 11: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 11-5 CUMULATIVE HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IMPACTS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Haz-8 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the hazardous materials conditions remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP and would not result in cumulatively considerable impacts. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 11-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page has been intentionally left blank 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 12-1 12 HYDROLOGY INTRODUCTION This section presents an evaluation of potential impacts to hydrology and water quality related to the 2017 OPSP Update. Kleinfelder, Inc., who prepared this chapter in coordination with Lamphier- Gregory for the 2011 EIR, reassessed the OPSP for this SEIR given current setting information and the changes with the 2017 OPSP Update. This chapter is based on their assessment, included as Appendix G. The updated discussion is based on a review of the following documents, which have become available or been modified since the 2011 EIR: • National Flood Insurance Program. Flood Insurance Rate Map. San Mateo County, California. Panel 42 OF 510. Effective Date October 16, 2012. • Federal Emergency Management Agency. Letter of Map Revision. Case No. 17-09-1343A. April 19, 2017. • State Water Resources Control Board. Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act. Water Code Division 7 and Related Sections, April 2017. • California Department of Water Resources. The National Flood Insurance Program in California. Quick Guide Coastal Appendix: Planning for Sea-Level Rise. October, 2016. • Tetra Tech. Technical Memorandum. Short-term Flood Protection Plan for Oyster Point Landfill. February 24, 2016. • California Department of Transportation. Construction Site Monitoring Program Guidance Manual. August, 2013. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The full environmental setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). The following changes to the setting section have occurred since the 2011 EIR. FLOODING While portions of the 2017 OPSP Update site were identified on the latest (October 16, 2012) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) as being in a flood hazard zone, FEMA subsequently issued a Letter of Map Revision determining that the 2017 OPSP Update area is not within a flood hazard zone. This decision applies to the site now and will be reflected in updated FIRMs, which are issued regularly by FEMA. Per the FEMA decision, no portion of the 2017 OPSP Update area is subject to flood hazards. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 12-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE REGULATORY SETTING The full regulatory setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). The following changes to the regulatory section have occurred since the 2011 EIR. STATE LAWS AND REGULATIONS NPDES Permit Requirements The NPDES General Construction Permit Requirements apply to clearing, grading, and disturbances to the ground such as excavation and has been updated since the 2011 EIR, though these changes are not substantial as they relate to 2017 OPSP Update development. All construction and Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) activity would be in compliance with the Construction General Permit Order 2009-2009-DWQ, as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ and 2012-0006-DWQ. Sea Level Rise The California Department of Water Resources presented updated sea level rise scenarios in their California Climate Science and Data for Water Resources Management in 2015. The future sea level rise scenarios associated with planning and permitting development in potentially susceptible areas in the San Francisco Bay Area are: • a sea level rise of 24 inches by 2050; and • a sea level rise of 66 inches by 2100. These values represent the upper end of the range of sea level rise estimates and are consistent with preliminary state recommendations for 100-year sea level rise. These values are meant to ensure that projects take these potentially high estimates into account when planning infrastructure and development projects and have changed slightly from those the 16- and 55-inch assumptions used in the 2011 EIR. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES STANDARDS OF SIGNIFICANCE The following thresholds for measuring hydrology impacts are based upon CEQA Guidelines thresholds: 1. Would the project violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements? 2. Would the project substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level (e.g., the production rate of pre-existing nearby wells would drop to a level which would not support existing land uses or planned uses for which permits have been granted)? 3. Would the project substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, in a manner which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site? CHAPTER 12: HYDROLOGY 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 12-3 4. Would the project substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, or substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner, which would result in flooding on- or off-site? 5. Would the project create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff? 6. Would the project otherwise substantially degrade water quality? 7. Would the project place housing within a 100-year flood hazard area as mapped on a federal Flood Hazard Boundary or Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood hazard delineation map? 8. Would the project place within a 100-year flood hazard area structures, which would impede or redirect flood flows? 9. Would the project expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of climate-induced sea level rise or the failure of a levee or dam? 10. Would the project cause inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow? WATER QUALITY STANDARDS OR WASTE DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS Landfill Leachate Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM reduced to LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update area, the proposed residential development, is outside the landfill area. Impact Hydro-1 and mitigation measure Hydro-1 related to the potential for landfill leachate due to building on a landfill cap would not be applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update. Erosion and Stormwater Pollutants Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact and mitigation measure Hydro-2, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion as the potential for contamination of Bay water due to stormwater pollutants and erosion remains substantially unchanged since the 2011 EIR. GROUNDWATER DEPLETION/ RECHARGE Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion related to groundwater depletion as the 2017 OPSP Update area is nearly fully covered with impervious area under existing conditions and is located in the former Bay margin and not used for groundwater supply and therefore development under the 2017 OPSP Update would not result in the potential for groundwater depletion, which has not changed since the 2011 OPSP. INCREASED EROSION OR SILTATION TO RECEIVING WATERS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact and mitigation measure Hydro-3, or the less-than-significant conclusion as the potential for increased erosion or siltation during construction has not changed since the 2011 OPSP. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 12-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE CHANGES IN STORMWATER RUNOFF Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion as the requirement for control of runoff and lack of potential for changes in stormwater runoff have not substantially changed since the 2011 OPSP. OTHERWISE SUBSTANTIALLY DEGRADE WATER QUALITY Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion as the OPSP development area and potential to degrade water quality have not changed since the 2011 OPSP. STRUCTURES WITHIN A 100-YEAR FLOOD HAZARD AREA Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusion as the potential for flood hazards have not substantially changed since the 2011 OPSP. FLOODING FROM LEVEE OR DAM FAILURE OR SEA LEVEL RISE Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Hydro-4 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the potential for flooding due to levee or dam failure or sea level rise have not substantially changed since the 2011 OPSP. INUNDATION BY SEICHE, TSUNAMI OR MUDFLOW Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Hydro-5 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the avoidance of development in bay fringe areas and the limited potential for inundation have not substantially changed since the 2011 OPSP. CUMULATIVE HYDROLOGY IMPACT ANALYSIS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Hydro-6 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the hydrologic conditions remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP and would be mitigated by identified measures. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 13-1 13 LAND USE INTRODUCTION This chapter describes existing land uses, adopted General Plan land use classifications, and zoning designations on and around the OPSP. This chapter also describes the applicable plans and policies that guide development in the OPSP area, including the change in use from office/R&D to residential in a portion of the 2017 OPSP Update area, and evaluates the OPSP’s consistency with these plans and policies and other existing land use regulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING There have been no substantial changes to the land use environmental setting of the OPSP site, including the OPSP Update area. Development of the area has proceeded according to area plans and recent development is specified in Chapter 16: Transportation and Circulation. The full environmental setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix A). REGULATORY SETTING Since the 2011 EIR, the City’s Housing Element of the General Plan was updated. The information in this setting section is updated from the City’s 2015 Housing Element. Otherwise, there are no substantial changes in the land use regulatory setting of the 2017 OPSP Update, though additional regulations have been added that relate to the change in use on a portion of the 2017 OPSP Update area to residential. The full environmental setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix A). SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO GENERAL PLAN The City of South San Francisco General Plan (1999 as amended) provides long-term guidance and policies for maintaining and improving the quality of life in, and the resources of, the community, both man-made and natural. The General Plan provides direction for the City’s growth and development. The site’s General Plan designation is Business Commercial, Coastal Commercial, and Park and Recreation. As part of the approvals sought for the 2017 OPSP Update, amendments to the General Plan and OPSP would be adopted changing the Phase III and IV areas to allow High-Density Residential at a density of up to 100 units per net acre (excluding public roadways from gross acreage) and revising related policies. These amendments would include changes to the land use designation for the 2017 OPSP Update area as well as text edits to applicable policies in order to ensure development conforms to those policies. The General Plan includes a range of policies to encourage and support a variety of housing opportunities in the City. Several key policies are discussed below. In order to balance community DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 13-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE interests and assure continued support for medium- and high-density housing in South San Francisco, the City established Policy 2-G-1, which calls for the preservation of “the scale and character of established neighborhoods” and the protection of “residents from changes in non-residential areas.” Consistent with this policy, the General Plan Land Use map designates medium-and high-density residential areas along major transit corridors and in the downtown area to avoid conflicts with existing neighborhoods. The City’s political leadership credits this policy with facilitating recent multi-family housing development with minimal opposition from neighborhood or other interest groups. Policy 2-G- 6 calls for the maximization of “opportunities for residential development, including through infill and redevelopment, without impacting existing neighborhoods or creating conflicts with industrial operations.” Policy 2-G-7 calls for the encouragement of “mixed-use residential, retail, and office development in centers where they would support transit, in locations where they would provide increased access to neighborhoods that currently lack such facilities, and in corridors where such developments can help to foster identity and vitality.” East of 101 Area Plan The OPSP site is part of the “East of 101” Planning Sub-Area as defined by the City of South San Francisco General Plan. The East of 101 Area Plan, adopted in 1994, was prepared to maximize the potential of undeveloped or underused properties in the City’s traditional industrial East of 101 area. Upgrading of existing uses and provisions for quality design are important components of the OPSP. In addition to policies relating to land use dispersion, intensities, and transportation, the OPSP includes a Design Element to help achieve high-standard development. South San Francisco Municipal Code and the Oyster Point Marina Specific Plan District Policies set forth in the General Plan and East of 101 Area Plan are implemented through enforcement of the City’s zoning regulations as presented in the City of South San Francisco Municipal Code (SSFMC). Zoning regulations prescribe the allowable uses within specific zoning districts and impose standards on those uses. With approval of the 2011 OPSP, the site was zoned Oyster Point Specific Plan District (OPSPD), with development per the OPSP. The OPSP and underlying zoning would be amended with approval of the 2017 OPSP Update. CONSISTENCY DISCUSSION The following is a discussion of the 2017 OPSP Update’s consistency with applicable policies of the General Plan, including the 2015 Housing Element. Land Use Policy 2-G-2 Maintain a balanced land use program that provides opportunities for continued economic growth, and building intensities that reflect South San Francisco’s prominent inner bay location and excellent regional access. The 2017 OPSP Update would result in office/R&D uses and residential uses to take advantage of the opportunities of this Bay-side site and ferry service. The addition of residential uses with the 2017 OPSP Update represents more of a balance between jobs and housing at the site and surrounding area. Policy 2-G-3 Provide land use designations that maximize benefits of increased accessibility that will result from BART extension to the city and adjacent locations. CHAPTER 13: LAND USE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 13-3 The 2017 OPSP Update would provide a large employment center and residential development near the new ferry terminal and would be expected to link into the existing BART and Caltrain commute via bicycle, buses and/or shuttles. Policy 2-G-6 Maximize opportunities for residential development, including through infill and redevelopment, without impacting existing neighborhoods or creating conflicts with industrial operations. The 2017 OPSP Update represents rezoning of a portion of the site to provide a new opportunity for residential development. While located in the historically industrial East of 101 area, the portion of the OPSP currently proposed for residential uses is on a peninsula to the north of and not adjacent to industrial uses. The OPSP area already includes residents on house boats in the marinas and is approved for recreational uses, so the introduction of residential development would not represent an entirely new type of use for that area. The potential for conflicts of an environmental nature has been assessed in this SEIR. Policy 2-G-7 Encourage mixed-use residential, retail, and office development in centers where they would support transit, in locations where they would provide increased access to neighborhoods that currently lack such facilities, and in corridors where such developments can help to foster identity and vitality. The 2017 OPSP Update includes mixed-use amenity/retail/restaurant space in both office/R&D and residential developments that is expected to support those developments and would provide vitality to the use of the ground floor space near the public Crescent Park and Beach and the ferry terminal. Policy 2-G-8 Provide incentives to maximize community orientation of new development, and to promote alternative transportation modes. The 2017 OPSP Update represents creation of a new mixed-use community near the new ferry terminal and Bay Trail and with access via bicycle, busses, and/or shuttles to BART and Caltrain. Policy 2-G-9 Facilitate development of childcare centers and homes in all areas, and encourage inclusion of childcare centers in non-residential developments. While the programming of the amenity/retail/restaurant space in the 2017 OPSP Update area has not yet been determined, a childcare center is a potential use that could be proposed within that space. East of 101 Area Policy 3.5-G-1 Provide appropriate settings for a diverse range of non-residential uses. The proposed 2017 OPSP Update would result in office/R&D, residential, and supporting retail/restaurant/commercial uses, which are also near other OPSP area development such as a hotel, other office/R&D, recreation/open space, uses, and retention of the marinas. Policy 3.5-G-3 Promote campus style biotechnology, high technology and research and development uses. The 2017 OPSP Update includes office/R&D uses in a campus-like setting. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 13-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE Policy 3.5-I-3 Do not permit any residential uses in the East of 101 area. The policy is further described in the General Plan as follows: This has been a long-standing City policy. Although virtually the entire East of 101 area lies outside the projected Year 2006 65CNEL airport noise contour, the area is nonetheless sensitive both from noise and safety perspectives. The 1991 Agreement for Aircraft Noise Mitigation between the City and the San Francisco International Airport (SFO) stipulates that if South San Francisco approves policies or new development allowing noise sensitive uses to be established east of U.S. 101, despite any stated objections on the part of SFO, the City will reimburse all noise mitigation funding to SFO. However, with the Agreement set to lapse in August 2001, South San Francisco could permit noise-sensitive uses to locate in the East of 101 area after this time without forfeiting the monies provided the airport for noise retrofitting in the city. However, residential uses are incompatible with the existing and emerging uses in the area. The 2017 OPSP Update would rezone a portion of the area to allow for residential development, which would not comply with this policy. As noted in the description of the policy, the concern is noise and compatibility with existing and emerging uses in the area. The portion of the 2017 OPSP Update area currently proposed for residential uses is on a peninsula to the north of and not adjacent to industrial uses in the area. The OPSP area already includes residents on house boats in the marinas and is approved for recreational uses, so the introduction of residential development would not represent an entirely new type of use for that area. Additionally, the potential for conflicts of an environmental nature, including noise, has been assessed in this SEIR. Given the location and character of the site, the 2017 OPSP Update could be consistent with the stated intent of the policy to prevent incompatibilities. However, revision of this policy is proposed as part of the General Plan amendments for the 2017 OPSP Update to bring the project fully into consistency with both the intent and the wording of the policy. Policy 3.5-I-4 Unless otherwise stipulated in a specific plan, allow building heights in the East of 101 area to the maximum limits permissible under Federal Aviation Regulations Part 77. The 2017 OPSP Update will be designed within allowable building heights under Federal Aviation Regulations Part 77, which are mapped between approximately 400 and 500 feet, well above the proposed building heights.1 Policy 3.5-I-5 Do not vary permitted maximum development intensities based on lot-size. Per the proposed 2017 OPSP Update, the Floor Area Ratio for the office/R&D and residential uses in the 2017 OPSP Update area would be determined across the planning area in aggregate, rather than on a lot-by-lot basis. Policy 3.5-I-8 Encourage the development of employee-serving amenities with restaurants, cafes, support commercial establishments such as dry-cleaners, to meet the 1 City/County Association of Governments of San Mateo County, Comprehensive Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for the Environs of San Francisco International Airport, November 2012, Exhibit IV-5 CHAPTER 13: LAND USE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 13-5 needs of the employees in the East of 101 area. Such uses could be located in independent centers or integrated into office parks or technology campuses. The 2017 OPSP Update proposes retail/restaurant/amenity space and the Phase III and IV residential development, with Phase I and II remains as office/R&D. Programming of the space has not yet been determined but is expected to serve residents and employees in Oyster Point and surrounding area. Policy 3.5-I-10 Prepare a new Concept Plan for the Oyster Point area. Work with the Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC) to reconcile the differing designations for the area in the City’s General Plan and BCDC’s park priority use in the San Francisco Bay Plan. The OPSP is the concept plan for the Oyster Point area and would be revised with the 2017 OPSP Update. Development in the OPSP area will require coordination with and permitting from BCDC, consistent with the proposed OPSP and BCDC regulations. Subsequent to this policy, the City worked with BCDC to amend the Bay Plan to allow for a wider range of uses in and around the Oyster Point Marina area. Policy 3.5-I-11 Do not permit any new warehousing and distribution north of East Grand Avenue or in areas designated Business Commercial. The 2017 OPSP Update does not include any warehousing or distribution uses. Policy 3.5-I-13 Facilitate waterfront enhancement and accessibility by:  Establishment of uses that would bring people to the waterfront (see polices 3.5-I-8 and 3.5-I-9);  Establishment of a Bayshore design review area as part of the Zoning Ordinance; and  Ensuring that the Park Recreation and Open Space Master Plan include specific improvements for shoreline enhancement and accessibility, as spelled out in the East of 101 Area Plan. In the OPSP area, office/R&D, residential, and hotel uses will attract employees, residents and visitors to this waterfront area. Development of a waterfront park and improvements of a recreational space as well as improvement to open spaces and Bay Trail uses will enhance the waterfront and its accessibility in the OPSP area. The 2017 OPSP Update area includes the improvement of 4.32 acres of the adjacent Bay Trail segment. Transportation Policy 4.2-G-5 Make efficient use of existing transportation facilities and, through the arrangement of land uses, improved alternate modes, and enhanced integration of various transportation systems serving South San Francisco, strive to reduce the total vehicle-miles traveled. The 2017 OPSP Update represents creation of a new mixed-use community near the ferry terminal and Bay Trail and with access via walking, bicycle, busses, and/or shuttles to BART and Caltrain. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 13-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE Residential use will assist in improving the efficiency of the existing shuttle system at Oyster Point as a complimentary use to the existing and proposed office/R&D. Policy 4.2-G-10 Exempt development within one-quarter mile of a Caltrain or BART station, or a City-designated ferry terminal, from LOS standards. The OPSP area includes a ferry terminal, though it is located approximately one third to one half mile from the 2017 OPSP Update area. LOS standards have been used to determine traffic impacts in this SEIR. Policy 4.3-G-1 Develop a comprehensive and integrated system of bikeways that promote bicycle riding for transportation and recreation. The roadways in the 2017 OPSP Update area will include bicycle lanes and the Bay Trail will be connected throughout the OPSP area. Policy 4.3-G-2 Provide safe and direct pedestrian routes and bikeways between and through residential neighborhoods, and to transit centers. The roadways in the 2017 OPSP Update area will include sidewalks and bicycle lanes and the Bay Trail will be connected throughout the OPSP area, which provides connections to the ferry terminal. Policy 4.3-I-4 Require provision of secure covered bicycle parking at all existing and future multifamily residential, commercial, industrial, and office / institutional uses. Secure bicycle parking will be incorporated into 2017 OPSP Update area development to meet or exceed City standards. Policy 4.3-I-6 As part of any development in Lindenville or East of 101, require project proponents to provide sidewalks and street trees as part of frontage improvements for new development and redevelopment projects. The 2017 OPSP Update proposes sidewalks and street trees as part of frontage improvements to meet or exceed City standards. Policy 4.4-G-1 Promote local and regional public transit serving South San Francisco. The location of the 2017 OPSP Update area positions the proposed employment and residential uses to take advantage of the on-site ferry terminal in addition to the existing East of 101 area transit service, pedestrian, bicycle, and shuttle connections to BART and Caltrain. Policy 4.4-I-5 As part of any revisions to the Oyster Point Marina Specific Plan, explore the feasibility of providing or reserving site for a ferry terminal. The referenced ferry terminal has been constructed and is operational in the OPSP area. Parks, Recreation and Open Space Policy 5.1-G-1 Develop additional park land in the city, particularly in areas lacking these facilities, to meet the standards of required park acreage for new residents and employees. CHAPTER 13: LAND USE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 13-7 The 2017 OPSP Update includes approximately 4.32 acres of open space as well as the Bay Trail in addition to privately owned open space. The remainder of the OPSP includes approximately 6 acres of dedicated open space and park uses in addition to the Bay Trail. Policy 5.1-G-2 Improve bayfront access along its entire length and endorse the prominence of this important natural asset. The 2017 OPSP Update includes the Bay Trail along the shoreline. A privately owned marina is included in the area the 2017 OPSP Update is addressing. Further, the main roadway through the OPSP site will be re-aligned as part of Phase I (prior to 2017 OPSP Update development), resulting in superior access to the Bay. Policy 5.1-I-2 Maintain parkland standards of 3.0 acres of community and neighborhood parks per 1,000 new residents, and of 0.5 acres of parkland per 1,000 new employees, to be located in employment areas. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Policy 5.1-I-3 Prefer in-lieu fees to dedication, unless sites offered for dedication provide features and accessibility similar in comparison to sites shown on Figure 5-1 [of the General Plan]. The OPSP includes the bay front Crescent Park and Beach and a flexible use recreation area in the vicinity of the shore as well as open space improvements and improvements to the Bay Trail, which will meet projected generated demand at build-out (see Chapter 15). Open Space and Conservation Policy 7.1-G-1 Protect special status species and supporting habitats within South San Francisco, including species that are State or federally listed as Endangered, Threatened, or Rare. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Policy 7.1-G-2 Protect and, where reasonable and feasible, restore saltmarshes and wetlands. The only sensitive habitats with the potential to be affected by the 2017 OPSP Update development include those in and around the coastal margins, which will be largely avoided during development (see Chapter 7). Policy 7.2-G-1 Comply with the San Francisco Bay RWQCB regulations and standards to maintain and improve the quality of both surface water and groundwater resources. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Policy 7.2-G-2 Enhance the quality of surface water resources and prevent their contamination. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would comply with relevant regulations including those related to water quality (see Chapter 12). DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 13-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE Policy 7.3-G-1 Continue to work toward improving air quality and meeting all national and State ambient air quality standards and by reducing the generation of air pollutants both from stationary and mobile sources, where feasible. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would comply with relevant regulations related to air quality (see Chapter 6). Policy 7.3-G-2 Encourage land use and transportation strategies that promote use of alternatives to the automobile for transportation, including bicycling, bus transit, and carpooling. The location of the 2017 OPSP Update area positions the proposed employment and residential uses to take advantage of the on-site ferry terminal in addition to the existing East of 101 area transit service, pedestrian, bicycle, and shuttle connections to BART and Caltrain. Policy 7.3-G-3 Minimize conflicts between sensitive receptors and emissions generators by distancing them from one another. While located in the historically industrial/commercial East of 101 area, the portion of the 2017 OPSP Update area currently proposed for residential uses is on a peninsula to the north of and not adjacent to industrial uses. The OPSP area already includes residents on house boats in the marinas and is approved for recreational uses, so the introduction of residential development would not represent an entirely new type of use for that area. The appropriateness of residential use in the area in relation to emissions has been assessed in Chapter 6. Policy 7.3-I-4 Require new residential development and remodeled existing homes to install clean-burning fireplaces and wood stoves. Residences in the 2017 OPSP Update area would comply with relevant regulations, which no longer allow wood-burning fireplaces or stoves in new construction. Policy 7.5-G-1 Conserve historic, cultural, and archaeological resources for the aesthetic, educational, economic, and scientific contribution they make to South San Francisco’s identity and quality of life. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Policy 7.5-G-2 Encourage municipal and community awareness, appreciation, and support for South San Francisco’s historic, cultural, and archaeological resources. There are no known historic, cultural, archaeologic or tribal resources in the 2017 OPSP Update area (see Chapter 8). Health and Safety Policy 8.1-G-1 Minimize the risk to life and property from seismic activity and geologic hazards in South San Francisco. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would comply with relevant regulations related to geologic and seismic safety (see Chapter 9). CHAPTER 13: LAND USE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 13-9 Policy 8.2-G-1 Minimize the risk to life and property from flooding in South San Francisco. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would avoid siting buildings in shoreline areas subject to flooding hazards and would demonstrate proposed finish grade elevations are outside the 100- year flood hazard area in the Phase II portion of the site. The 2017 OPSP Update would not result in substantial risk to life and property from flooding (see Chapter 12:Hydrology). Policy 8.3-G-1 Reduce the generation of solid waste, including hazardous waste, and recycle those materials that are used, to slow the filling of local and regional landfills, in accord with the California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Policy 8.3-G-2 Minimize the risk to life and property from the generation, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials and waste in South San Francisco. Comply with all applicable regulations and provisions for the storage, use and handling of hazardous substances as established by federal (EPA), State (DTSC, RWQCB, Cal OSHA, Cal EPA), and local (County of San Mateo, City of South San Francisco) regulations. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would comply with relevant regulations related to recycling, waste, and hazardous waste (see Chapter 11). Policy 8.4-G-1 Minimize the risk to life and property from fire hazards in South San Francisco. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Policy 8.4-G-2 Provide fire protection that is responsive to citizens’ needs. The 2017 OPSP Update is not located in a wildfire risk area and would contribute to relocation and expansion of the nearest fire station to improve service to the area (see Chapter 8). Policy 8.4-I-3 Require site design features, fire retardant building materials, and adequate access as conditions for approval of development or improvements to reduce the risk of fire within the City. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would comply with relevant construction and development standards to minimize risks from fires. Policy 8.7-G-1 Minimize the risk of life and property from aircraft accidents in South San Francisco. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Policy 8.7-I-1 Do not permit land uses that pose potential hazards to air navigation in the vicinity of SFO. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would comply with relevant construction and development standards to avoid creating aircraft hazards. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 13-10 2017 OPSP UPDATE Noise Policy 9-G-1 Protect public health and welfare by eliminating or minimizing the effects of existing noise problems, and by preventing increased noise levels in the future. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Policy 9-G-2 Continue efforts to incorporate noise considerations into land use planning decisions, and guide the location and design of transportation facilities to minimize the effects of noise on adjacent land uses. The 2017 OPSP Update does not propose uses that are substantial generators of noise. The appropriateness of residential use in the area in relation to noise has been considered in Chapter 14. Housing Element Policy 1-1: The City shall implement zoning to ensure there is an adequate supply of land to meet its 2014 to 2022 ABAG Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) of 565 very low income units, 281 low income units, 313 moderate income units, and 705 above moderate income units. The 2017 OPSP Update adds residential uses to the OPSP area and would contribute toward meeting housing needs identified in the RHNA. Specifics of affordable housing (whether on-site or supported through in-lieu fees) have not yet been determined but will comply with relevant City requirements. Policy 1-7: The City shall maximize opportunities for residential development, through infill and redevelopment of underutilized sites, without impacting existing neighborhoods or creating conflicts with industrial operations. The 2017 OPSP Update represents rezoning of a portion of the site to provide a new opportunity for residential development through redevelopment of a low-intensity business park use. The portion of the OPSP currently proposed for residential uses is on a peninsula to the north of and not adjacent to industrial uses. The OPSP area already includes residents on house boats in the marinas and is approved for recreational uses, so the introduction of residential development would not represent an entirely new type of use for that specific area. The potential for conflicts of an environmental nature has been assessed in this SEIR. Policy 2-4: The City shall ensure that new development promotes quality design and harmonizes with existing neighborhood character and surroundings. The 2017 OPSP Update includes a design element and development in the area would comply with design requirements intended to promote quality design for the location. Policy 4-1: The City shall prohibit new residential development in areas containing major environmental hazards (such as floods, and seismic and safety problems) unless adequate mitigation measures are taken. There are no major environmental hazards that would affect development in the 2017 OPSP Update area (see particularly Chapters 6, 9, 11, and 12 for supporting discussion). CHAPTER 13: LAND USE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 13-11 Policy 4-2: The City shall require the design of new housing and neighborhoods to comply with adopted building security standards that decrease burglary and other property-related crimes. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would be required to comply with relevant safety and security standards. Policy 7-1: The City shall continue to promote the use of energy conservation features in all new and existing residential structures. Combined with related policies immediately below for discussion. Policy 7-2: When feasible, the City should encourage new developments to be sited to respond to climatic conditions, such as solar orientation, wind, and shadow patterns. Combined with related policies immediately above and below for discussion. Policy 7-3: The City shall encourage the use of energy efficient and energy conserving design and construction techniques in all types of projects (including new construction and remodeled and rehabilitated structures). Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area will be constructed to current standards and will meet or exceed relevant energy efficiency standards. East of 101 Area Plan Land Use Goal 1.1 Promote planned industrial, office, and commercial uses in the East of 101 Area, and discourage other uses that would be inconsistent with these uses. The 2017 OPSP Update represents rezoning to provide a new opportunity for residential development in the historically industrial/commercial East of 101 area. The portion of the OPSP currently proposed for residential uses is on a peninsula to the north of and not adjacent to industrial uses. The OPSP area already includes residents on house boats in the marinas and is approved for recreational uses, so the introduction of residential development would not represent an entirely new type of use for that specific area or one that is necessarily inconsistent with these uses. The potential for conflicts of an environmental nature has been assessed in this SEIR. However, revision of this policy is proposed as part of the General Plan amendments to bring the project fully into consistency with both the intent and the wording of the policy. Goal 1.2 Encourage development that enhances net revenues to the City. The 2017 OPSP Update includes residential and commercial uses that will contribute to revenues to the city through increased property tax and sales tax. Goal 1.3 Promote development that creates quality jobs for South San Francisco. The 2017 OPSP Update includes office/R&D uses, and some retail/restaurant uses which will provide a mixture of job opportunities including upper and moderate income salaries. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 13-12 2017 OPSP UPDATE Goal 1.4 Encourage development that respects and is in character with the Bay environment. The entire OPSP area, including the 2017 OPSP Update area, reserves the shoreline for the Bay Trail, which will be improved, as well as a shoreline park and marina area recreation area. Development is otherwise consistent with the character of development in the area. Goal 1.5 Provide for the development of more retail services to serve the employees of the East of 101 Area. The 2017 OPSP Update includes up to approximately 22,000 square feet of commercial uses in some office/R&D and residential buildings, which can include community-serving retail, services, restaurant, and/or building amenity uses. Goal 1.7 Provide child care facilities in the East of 101 Area. While the programming of the proposed amenity/retail/restaurant space in the 2017 OPSP Update area has not yet been determined, a childcare center is a potential use within that space. Goal 1.8 Encourage the appropriate development of additional hotel facilities in the East of 101 Area. The 2017 OPSP Update does not include hotel facilities, but the larger OPSP includes the demolition of a 30 room inn and construction of one or two hotels with an aggregate total of up to 350 rooms and the 2017 OPSP Update does not change these plans. Circulation Goal 2.1 Minimize vehicular circulation impacts. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Goal 2.2 Maintain acceptable levels of transportation systems by achieving an appropriate balance between system improvements and development transportation demands. The change to allow residential development in some areas of the 2017 OPSP Update area would result in some trips changing to the reverse-commute direction instead. The potential for traffic- related impacts has been assessed in this SEIR and mitigated as feasible, including construction of traffic improvements and implementation of Transportation Demand Management programs (see Chapter 12). Goal 2.4 Provide for adequate amounts of parking in the East of 101 Area. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area will comply with relevant parking standards (see Chapter 16). Goal 2.5 Encourage and support transportation modes other than single-occupancy automobiles including ridesharing, bicycling, walking and transit. CHAPTER 13: LAND USE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 13-13 The 2017 OPSP Update would provide a large employment center near the ferry terminal and would be expected to link to that and the existing BART and Caltrain commute via bicycle, walking, and/or shuttles. Goal 2.6 Promote the use of public transit to and within the East of 101 Area. The location of the 2017 OPSP Update area poises the employees and residents to take advantage of the ferry terminal and transit service from BART and Caltrain. Public Facilities Goal 3.1 Provide adequate sanitary sewer system capacity, water supply and other utilities to serve proposed development in the East of 101 Area. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area, including planned utility improvements, would have adequate sewer capacity and water supply and other utilities (see Chapter 17). Goal 3.2 Ensure that new development has appropriate drainage in order to minimize environmental and flooding problems. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area will incorporate appropriate drainage per applicable regulations (see Chapter 12). Goal 3.3 Regulate growth in the East of 101 Area in accordance with the ability of the Police Department, Fire Department and other public agencies to provide adequate services. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area, including planned contribution to a relocated and upgraded fire station, will be adequately served by public agencies (see Chapter 15). Goal 3.4 Promote water and energy conservation in all new development. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area will meet or exceed water and energy conservation requirements (see Chapter 17). Open Space and Recreation Goal 4.1 Encourage uses which take advantage of the San Francisco Bay shoreline and the views associated with the Bay. The entire OPSP area, including the 2017 OPSP Update area, includes the Bay Trail along the shoreline, which will be improved, as well as a shoreline park and beach and a marina area recreation area. Views of the shoreline and Bay will be available from on-site development and on some locations along public roadways. Goal 4.2 Implementation of the San Francisco Bay Trail Plan in cooperation with the Bay Conservation and Development Commission to secure a continued public access trail along the San Francisco Bay Frontage. The Bay Trail is accommodated along the entire OPSP Bay frontage, including in the 2017 OPSP Update area. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 13-14 2017 OPSP UPDATE Goal 4.3 Preserve and enhance the natural amenities and features of the East of 101 Area including the views of the San Francisco Bay San Bruno Mountain and San Bruno Point Hill. The 2017 OPSP Update would enhance enjoyment of views of the Bay from the site by bringing in more employees, visitors, and residents. The potential to negatively impact views is analyzed in Chapter 4: Aesthetics and has been found to be less than significant. Design Goal 5.1 Promote high quality site, architectural and landscape design that increases a sense of identity in the East of 101 Area. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area is subject to the OPSP’s design guidelines, which are intended to promote high quality site, architectural, and landscape design goals. Goal 5.2 Improve streetscape quality of the East of 101 Area through plantings of street trees and provision of entry monuments. The 2017 OPSP Update includes sidewalks, bicycle lanes and landscape improvements along streets as well as plazas and promenades to provide further high-quality connections for pedestrians. Goal 5.3 Protect visually significant features of the East of 101 Area, including views of the Bay and San Bruno Mountain. The 2017 OPSP Update would enhance enjoyment of views of the Bay from the site by bringing in more employees, visitors, and residents. The potential to negatively impact views is analyzed in Chapter 4: Aesthetics and has been found to be less than significant. Goal 5.5 Promote public access to views of the San Francisco Bay and to the Bay Trail. The 2017 OPSP Update would enhance enjoyment of views of the Bay from the site by bringing in more employees, visitors, and residents and providing bay-front open space and near-shore recreation opportunities and enhancing the Bay Trail. Goal 5.6 Improve the visual quality of the East of 101 Area as seen from Highway 101 along the perimeter of the Area. The 2017 OPSP Update would provide high-quality development in a location visible from portions of Highway 101. The potential to negatively impact views is analyzed in Chapter 4: Aesthetics and has been found to be less than significant. Noise Goal 6.1 Encourage the development of land uses which will be compatible with the noise environment of the East of 101 Area. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Goal 6.2 Provide guidelines for noise attenuation for hotel and office uses in the East of 101 Area. CHAPTER 13: LAND USE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 13-15 The 2017 OPSP Update does not propose uses that are substantial generators of noise. The appropriateness of the proposed uses in the area in relation to noise has been considered in Chapter 14. Geotechnical Safety Goal 7.1 Minimize impacts associated will fill soils landfills and slopes. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Goal 7.2 Protect against hazards associated with earthquakes. Development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would comply with relevant regulations related to geologic and seismic safety (see Chapter 9). Conservation Goal 8.1 Provide for the protection of sensitive wildlife and plant species and their habitats within the East of 101 Area. Combined with related policy immediately below for discussion. Goal 8.2 Minimize indirect impacts to biological resources within the East of 101 Area. The only sensitive habitats with the potential to be affected by 2017 OPSP Update development include those in and around the coastal margins, which will be avoided during development (see Chapter 7). IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES STANDARDS OF SIGNIFICANCE The following thresholds for measuring environmental impacts are based on CEQA Guidelines thresholds: 1. Would the plan or project physically divide an established community? 2. Would the plan or project conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the Project? 3. Would the plan or project conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan? DIVIDING ESTABLISHED COMMUNITY Same Conclusion (NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the no impact conclusions as there are no established communities in the area, which has not changed since the 2011 EIR. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 13-16 2017 OPSP UPDATE CONFLICT WITH PLANS AND POLICIES More Significant Conclusion (NI changed to LTS): The changes proposed with the 2017 OPSP Update could create conflicts by introducing residential uses to an area where certain existing policies do not promote residential use. While this SEIR considers the potential for environmental impacts related to that change, because the proposal is not consistent with existing policies but will revise those policies as part of proposed approvals, this impact has been revised from NI to LTS. New Impact Plan-1: Proposed Residential Use Conflicts with Some Policies. The proposed 2017 OPSP Update is not consistent with the current General Plan land use designation or zoning and such a change in the proposed uses at the site is not consistent with all General Plan policies, which do not promote housing in the East of 101 area. However, approval of the 2017 OPSP Update will include rezoning and General Plan amendments to bring the land use and zoning into consistency. The impact related to conflicts with plans and policies would therefore be less than significant. Under CEQA, environmental effects must involve an adverse change in physical conditions, as opposed to mere inconsistency with existing policies. That a project or plan might be inconsistent with particular policies in the General Plan, Zoning Ordinance, or other applicable plan, policies or regulations does not necessarily constitute a significant environmental effect.2 Rather, the threshold of significance relates not to all potential inconsistencies, but only inconsistencies with current policies that have been adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating environmental effects. A detailed discussion of consistency has been included in the setting section above. However, policy language is often subject to varying interpretations and this environmental analysis is not intended to pre-suppose the City’s determinations on consistency, or prevent imposition of "conditions of approval" to correct any determined inconsistencies outside of the CEQA forum. Approval of the 2017 OPSP Update would involve General Plan and Specific Plan amendments as well as revisions to the Zoning Ordinance. Once approved, the OPSP will be consistent with applicable policies and regulations and such amendments and revisions would not be considered to result in environmental impacts beyond those identified as impacts throughout this SEIR. No inconsistencies with policies intended to mitigate environmental effects have been identified that would result in significant environmental impacts. While it is in the domain of the City’s decision-makers to decide ultimate project consistency with applicable City plans and policies related to OPSP approval, from a CEQA perspective, the OPSP would not conflict with plans or policies in any way that would have a significant adverse environmental impact. This is considered a less than significant impact. CONFLICT WITH CONSERVATION PLAN Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the less-than- significant conclusion as the site is not within a conservation plan area, which has not changed since the 2011 EIR. 2 See Baldwin v. City of Los Angeles (1999) 70 Cal. App 4th 819,8420843 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 14-1 14 NOISE INTRODUCTION This chapter evaluates the potential significance of noise impacts related to the 2017 OPSP Update. Because of the desire to assess noise conditions for the residential uses now proposed, Ramboll Environ prepared a new assessment of noise for this SEIR, as included in full in Appendix H. NOISE SETTING While generally unchanged from the 2011 EIR, this section is repeated here to provide an understanding of terms and concepts used in this discussion. FUNDAMENTALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE Noise is defined as unwanted sound. Airborne sound is a rapid fluctuation of air pressure above and below atmospheric pressure. Sound levels are usually measured and expressed in decibels (dB) with 0 dB corresponding roughly to the threshold of hearing. Decibels and other technical terms are defined in Table 14.1. Most of the sounds that we hear in the environment do not consist of a single frequency, but rather a broad band of frequencies, with each frequency differing in sound level. The intensities of each frequency add together to generate a sound. The method commonly used to quantify environmental sounds consists of evaluating all of the frequencies of a sound in accordance with a weighting that reflects the facts that human hearing is less sensitive at low frequencies and extreme high frequencies than in the frequency mid-range. This is called "A" weighting, and the decibel level so measured is called the A-weighted sound level (dBA). In practice, the level of a sound source is conveniently measured using a sound level meter that includes an electrical filter corresponding to the A-weighting curve. Typical A-weighted levels measured in the environment and in industry are shown in Table 14.2 for different types of noise. Although the A-weighted noise level may adequately indicate the level of environmental noise at any instant in time, community noise levels vary continuously. Most environmental noise includes a conglomeration of noise from distant sources, which create a relatively steady background noise in which no particular source is identifiable. To describe the time-varying character of environmental noise, the statistical noise descriptors, L01, L10, L50, and L90, are commonly used. They are the A- weighted noise levels equaled or exceeded during 1%, 10%, 50%, and 90% of a stated time period. A single number descriptor called the Leq is also widely used. The Leq is the average A-weighted noise level during a stated period of time. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 14-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE TABLE 14.1 DEFINTIONS OF ACOUSTICAL TERMS IN THIS REPORT Term Definitions Decibel, dB A unit describing, the amplitude of sound, equal to 20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the pressure of the sound measured to the reference pressure. The reference pressure for air is 20. Sound Pressure Level Sound pressure is the sound force per unit area, usually expressed in micro Pascals (or 20 micro Newtons per square meter), where 1 Pascal is the pressure resulting from a force of 1 Newton exerted over an area of 1 square meter. The sound pressure level is expressed in decibels as 20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio between the pressures exerted by the sound to a reference sound pressure (e.g., 20 micro Pascals). Sound pressure level is the quantity that is directly measured by a sound level meter. Frequency, Hz The number of complete pressure fluctuations per second above and below atmospheric pressure. Normal human hearing is between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Infrasonic sound are below 20 Hz and Ultrasonic sounds are above 20,000 Hz. A-Weighted Sound Level, dBA The sound pressure level in decibels as measured on a sound level meter using the A-weighting filter network. The A-weighting filter de-emphasizes the very low and very high frequency components of the sound in a manner similar to the frequency response of the human ear and correlates well with subjective reactions to noise. Equivalent Noise Level, Leq The average A-weighted noise level during the measurement period. The maximum and minimum A-weighted noise level during the measurement period. L01, L10, L50, L90 The A-weighted noise levels that are exceeded 1%, 10%, 50%, and 90% of the time during the measurement period. Day/Night Noise Level, Ldn or DNL The average A-weighted noise level during a 24-hour day, obtained after addition of 10 decibels to levels measured in the night between 10:00 pm and 7:00 am. Community Noise Equivalent Level, CNEL The average A-weighted noise level during a 24-hour day, obtained after addition of 5 decibels in the evening from 7:00 pm to 10:00 pm and after addition of 10 decibels to sound levels measured in the night between 10:00 pm and 7:00 am. Ambient Noise Level The composite of noise from all sources near and far. The normal or existing level of environmental noise at a given location. Intrusive That noise which intrudes over and above the existing ambient noise at a given location. The relative intrusiveness of a sound depends upon its amplitude, duration, frequency, and time of occurrence and tonal or informational content as well as the prevailing ambient noise level. CHAPTER 14: NOISE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 14-3 2885803.1 TABLE 14.2 TYPICAL NOISE LEVELS IN THE ENVIRONMENT Common Outdoor Activities Noise Level (dBA) Common Indoor Activities 110 dBA Rock band Jet fly-over at 1,000 feet 100 dBA Gas lawn mower at 3 feet 90 dBA Diesel truck at 50 feet at 50 mph Food blender at 3 feet 80 dBA Garbage disposal at 3 feet Noisy urban area, daytime Gas lawn mower, 100 feet 70 dBA Vacuum cleaner at 10 feet Commercial area Normal speech at 3 feet Heavy traffic at 300 feet 60 dBA Large business office Quiet urban daytime 50 dBA Dishwasher in next room Quiet urban nighttime 40 dBA Theater, large conference room Quiet suburban nighttime 30 dBA Library Quiet rural nighttime Bedroom at night, concert hall (background) 20 dBA Broadcast/recording studio 10 dBA 0 dBA DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 14-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE FUNDAMENTALS OF GROUNDBORNE VIBRATION Ground vibration consists of rapidly fluctuating motions or waves with an average motion of zero. Several different methods are typically used to quantify vibration amplitude. One is the Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) and another is the Root Mean Square (RMS) velocity. The PPV is defined as the maximum instantaneous positive or negative peak of the vibration wave. The RMS velocity is defined as the average of the squared amplitude of the signal. The PPV and RMS vibration velocity amplitudes are used to evaluate human response to vibration. In this section, a PPV descriptor with units of mm/sec or in/sec is used to evaluate construction generated vibration for building damage and human complaints. Table 14.3 displays the reactions of people and the effects on buildings that continuous vibration levels produce. The annoyance levels shown in Table 14.3 should be interpreted with care since vibration may be found to be annoying at much lower levels than those shown, depending on the level of activity or the sensitivity of the individual. To sensitive individuals, vibrations approaching the threshold of perception can be annoying. TABLE 14.3 REACTION OF PEOPLE AND DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS FOR CONTINUOUS VIBRATION LEVELS Vibration Level, PPV (in/sec) Human Reaction Effect on Buildings 0.006 to 0.019 Threshold of perception, Possibility of intrusion Vibration unlikely to cause damage of any type 0.08 Vibrations readily perceptible Recommended upper level of the vibration to which ruins and ancient monuments should be subjected 0.10 Level at which continuous vibrations begin to annoy people Virtually no risk of “architectural” damage to normal buildings 0.20 Vibrations annoying to people in buildings Threshold at which there is a risk of “architectural” damage to normal dwellings such as plastered walls or ceilings. 0.4 to 0.6 Vibrations considered unpleasant by people subjected to continuous vibrations Vibration at this level would cause “architectural” damage and possibly minor structural damage. Source: Transportation Related Earthborne Vibrations (Caltrans Experiences), Technical Advisory, Vibration TAV-02-01-R9601, California Department of Transportation, February 20, 2002. Low-level vibrations frequently cause irritating secondary vibration, such as a slight rattling of windows, doors or stacked dishes. The rattling sound can give rise to exaggerated vibration complaints, even though there is very little risk of actual structural damage. In high noise environments, which are more prevalent where groundborne vibration approaches perceptible levels, this rattling phenomenon may also be produced by loud airborne environmental noise causing induced vibration in exterior doors and windows. Construction activities can cause vibration that varies in intensity depending on several factors. The use of pile driving and vibratory compaction equipment typically generate the highest construction related ground-borne vibration levels. Because of the impulsive nature of such activities, the use of the peak particle velocity descriptor (PPV) has been routinely used to measure and assess ground-borne CHAPTER 14: NOISE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 14-5 vibration and almost exclusively to assess the potential of vibration to induce structural damage and the degree of annoyance for humans. The two primary concerns with construction-induced vibration, the potential to damage a structure and the potential to interfere with the enjoyment of life are evaluated against different vibration limits. Studies have shown that the threshold of perception for average persons is in the range of 0.008 to 0.012 in/sec PPV. Human perception to vibration varies with the individual and is a function of physical setting and the type of vibration. Persons exposed to elevated ambient vibration levels such as people in an urban environment may tolerate a higher vibration level. Structural damage can be classified as cosmetic only, such as minor cracking of building elements, or may threaten the integrity of the building. Safe vibration limits that can be applied to assess the potential for damaging a structure vary by researcher and there is no general consensus as to what amount of vibration may pose a threat for structural damage to the building. Construction-induced vibration that can be detrimental to the building is very rare and has only been observed in instances where the structure is at a high state of disrepair and the construction activity occurs immediately adjacent to the structure. EXISTING NOISE ENVIRONMENT While the noise environment has not changed substantially from that assessed in the 2011 EIR, the existing noise setting has been reassessed to provide updated and detailed information for residential development. Details of the existing noise environment are summarized below and included in full in Appendix H. A noise monitoring survey was conducted between March 13 and March 16, 2017 at several locations within the Project vicinity to quantify the acoustic environment and provide qualitative descriptions of the dominant and minor sources of noise at each location. The noise environment at the site results primarily from local traffic noise generated along arterial streets and U.S. 101, and aircraft over flights associated with San Francisco International Airport. The nearest runway of the San Francisco International Airport is located approximately 2.2 miles south of Oyster Point. CNEL levels in the 2017 OPSP Update area range from highs up to 69 near Oyster Point Boulevard to lows of 58 to 61 farther from the roadway. Existing Noise Sensitive Land Uses Human response to noise varies considerably from one individual to another. Effects of noise at various levels can include interference with sleep, concentration, and communication; physiological and psychological stress; and hearing loss. Given these effects, some land uses are considered more sensitive to ambient noise levels than others. Land uses are considered “noise sensitive” where low noise levels are necessary for these uses in order to preserve their intended goals such as relaxation, recreation, education, health, and general state of well-being. Residential uses are considered most sensitive to noise because people spend extended periods of time and sleep at home. Other noise sensitive receivers typically include schools, hotels/motels, churches, libraries, and hospitals. The types and locations of noise sensitive land uses in the vicinity has not substantially changes since the 2011 EIR and includes live-aboard boats located in the Oyster Cove Marina and Oyster Point Marina and hotels located along Gateway Blvd, between Oyster Point Blvd to the north and Grand Blvd to the south. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 14-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE A large number of commercial buildings are located in the project vicinity and along major routes to the facility. Commercial uses include mainly office spaces, biotech and bioscience facilities, and others and are not considered noise sensitive uses. REGULATORY SETTING There have been no substantial changes to the noise regulatory setting of the relevant to the 2017 OPSP Update area. The full regulatory setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA In accordance with Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, the project would have a significant noise impact if it resulted in: 1. Exposure of persons to, or generation of, noise levels in excess of standards established in the General Plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies 2. A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project 3. A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project 4. Exposure of persons to, or generation of, excessive levels of groundborne vibration or noise 5. For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within 2 miles of a public airport or public use airport, exposure of people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels. 6. For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, exposure of people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels. The following quantifiable criteria were used to evaluate the significance of impacts, consistent with those used for the 2011 OPSP: Noise and Land Use Compatibility. A significant noise impact would be identified where noise- sensitive land uses are exposed to exterior noise environments exceeding 65 dBA CNEL and commercial land uses exceed 70 dBA CNEL. Interior noise levels within residential land uses in excess of 45 dBA CNEL would also result in a significant noise impact. Substantial Permanent Increase to Noise Levels. A significant noise impact would be identified where project-generated traffic would increase traffic noise levels at existing noise-sensitive land uses by 3 dBA CNEL or more or by 1dBA CNEL over future cumulative levels. A 3 dBA CNEL increase in noise is used as a threshold because this is the level at which the human ear can perceive an increase in noise, below that the increase would not be noticeable. Substantial Temporary Noise and Vibration from Construction. Construction activities generate temporary noise level increases in the vicinity of project sites. Since noise generated by construction would be short-term and vary considerably day-to-day, construction noise is evaluated somewhat differently than operational noise. When construction activities are predicted to cause prolonged CHAPTER 14: NOISE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 14-7 interference with normal activities at noise-sensitive receptors, generate noise levels in excess of 60 dBA Leq (hourly) at noise-sensitive uses or in excess of 70 dBA Leq (hourly) at commercial land uses, and exceed ambient noise levels by 5 dBA Leq or more, the impact would be considered significant. Prolonged interference is defined as a substantial noise level increase that occurs for more than one year. Construction vibration is considered significant if it exposes off-site land uses to vibration levels in excess of 0.20 in/sec PPV. APPROPRIATENESS OF NOISE LEVELS FOR PROPOSED USES More Significant Conclusion (LTS conclusion changed to LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update proposes residential uses, which are considered noise-sensitive uses, in an area where the 2011 OPSP previously proposed only non-noise sensitive office/R&D uses. Therefore, Impact Noise-1b and mitigation measures Noise-1a and Noise-1b have been added along with a less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion for this topic for the 2017 OPSP Update. The less-than-significant 2011 EIR Impact Noise-1 would remain applicable to the remainder of the OPSP area (outside the 2017 OPSP Update area), but the following impact and mitigation measures are instead applicable to the 2017 OPSP Update area: New Impact Noise-1b: 2017 OPSP Update On-Site Impacts from Operational Equipment. When added to existing noise levels in the area, operational equipment pursuant to implementation of the 2017 OPSP Update would generate noise at proposed new residential and commercial receivers and may exceed the residential noise compatibility requirements within the Noise Element of the General Plan and interior noise requirements within Title 24, Part 2 of the California Code of Regulations. This impact is less-than-significant with mitigation. While the noise environment and projected noise levels have not substantially changed since the 2011 OPSP, the 2017 OPSP Update introduces noise-sensitive residential uses in the 2017 OPSP Update area instead of the non-noise-sensitive office/R&D development proposed under the 2011 OPSP. Therefore, this topic has been reassessed as summarized below. The full noise assessment is included in Appendix H. Combined with existing noise levels and cumulative increased in traffic noise from the OPSP and other area development, projected traffic noise levels at the closest residential development along Oyster Point Blvd within the 2017 OPSP Update area could reach levels of up to 65 dBA CNEL, which would be within acceptable exterior levels (65 dBA or less) and would result in acceptable interior residential noise levels (45 dBA) with standard construction techniques. Noise levels elsewhere in the 2017 OPSP Update area are projected between 58 and 65 dBA CNEL. When added to existing noise levels, traffic noise would not exceed the compatibility requirements at proposed new residential and commercial receivers. Residential and office/R&D air handling equipment including HVAC equipment and parking garage ventilation fans generate continuous levels of noise in a given environment and must be designed appropriately to avoid impacting noise-sensitive uses. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 14-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE New Mitigation Measure Noise-1: Acoustical Assessment of 2017 OPSP Update Area Air Handling Equipment. An acoustical assessment shall be completed for development in the 2017 OPSP Update area to ensure that heating and cooling (e.g., HVAC) equipment is selected, designed, and installed such that exterior noise levels comply with the noise limits established in Chapter 8.32 of the SSFMC (65 dBA CNEL) and interior noise levels comply with the interior noise compatibility requirements within Title 24, Part 2 of the California Code of Regulations (45 dBA CNEL). The acoustical assessment shall include specific recommendations for acoustic enclosures, noise barriers, or other noise-mitigating measures, if warranted. The same study also shall evaluate parking garage ventilation fans to ensure that they are designed and installed to comply with the same noise limits. If warranted, the assessment also shall specify the required orientation (i.e., acoustic directionality) of ventilation fans at parking garages, so that they are directed away from new on-site residences and existing off-site live-aboard boats. While exterior and interior noise levels in the 2017 OPSP Update area could exceed established standards, appropriate equipment make and installation (mitigation measure Noise-1) will ensure that noise levels in outdoor use areas and interior residential spaces will meet relevant standards. Implementation of these measures will reduce Impact Noise-1b to less than significant levels. PERMANENT NOISE LEVEL INCREASES Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Noise-2 or the less-than-significant conclusion as permanent increases in noise levels resulting from development in the 2017 OPSP Update area would not substantially change from the 2011 OPSP. Residential uses, like office/R&D use, are not generally sources of high noise levels and the impact to off-site receivers from on-site operation and traffic noise would be generally the same with the changes proposed with the 2017 OPSP Update as under the 2011 OPSP. CUMULATIVE NOISE LEVEL INCREASES Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Noise-3 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the contribution to cumulative increases in noise levels have not substantially changed since the 2011 OPSP. Residential uses, like office/R&D use, are not generally sources of high noise levels and the impact to off-site receivers from on-site equipment and traffic noise under cumulative conditions would be generally the same with the changes proposed with the 2017 OPSP Update as under the 2011 OPSP. VIBRATION Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Noise-4 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the generation of groundborne vibration and groundborne noise levels have not substantially changed since the 2011 OPSP. Residential uses, like office/R&D use, are not generally substantial sources of operational groundborne vibration or noise and construction activities at the site would have generally the same potential for such impacts under the 2017 OPSP Update as the original 2011 OPSP. CHAPTER 14: NOISE 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 14-9 CONSTRUCTION NOISE Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains SU): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Noise-5 or the significant and unavoidable conclusion related to construction noise as the 2017 OPSP Update would not result in substantially changed construction noise from that analyzed for the 2011 OPSP. However, mitigation measure Noise-5 has been revised to update the measure for current methodologies and to address construction near the currently-proposed on-site residential uses. Impact Noise-5: Construction Noise. The OPSP area includes existing sensitive receptors consisting of live-aboard residents in the marinas. In periods of construction, during construction hours, noise generated by construction on the site would substantially increase noise levels at residential land uses in the vicinity of the site temporarily above levels existing without the project. This is a significant impact. As under the 2011 OPSP, noise from construction activities will exceed 60 dBA Leq and exceed the ambient noise environment by at least 5 dBA Leq for a period of more than one construction season (one year), and therefore, the impact would be considered significant. Per the City of South San Francisco Municipal Code section 8.32.050(d), noise-generating activities at active construction sites will be restricted to the hours of 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. on Saturday, and from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Sundays and holidays. The City of South San Francisco Municipal Code also requires that no individual piece of equipment shall produce a noise level exceeding 90 dB at a distance of 25 feet and the noise level at any point outside the property shall not exceed 90 dB. Revised Mitigation Measure Noise-5: Construction Noise. To reduce noise levels generated by construction, the following standard construction noise control measures shall be included in all construction projects within the OPSP area. • Equip all internal combustion engine driven equipment with intake and exhaust mufflers that are in good condition and appropriate for the equipment, and if necessary, intake and exhaust silencers. • Unnecessary idling of internal combustion engines should shall be strictly prohibited. • Locate stationary noise generating equipment such as air compressors or portable power generators as far as possible from sensitive receptors. Construct temporary noise barriers to screen stationary noise generating equipment when located near adjoining sensitive receptors. Temporary noise barriers could reduce construction noise levels by 5 dBA. • Utilize "quiet" air compressors and other stationary noise sources where technology exists. • Route all construction traffic to and from the OPSP area via designated truck routes where possible. Prohibit construction related heavy truck traffic in residential areas where feasible. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 14-10 2017 OPSP UPDATE • Control noise from construction workers’ radios to a point that they are not audible at existing residences bordering the OPSP area. • The contractor shall prepare and submit to the City for approval a detailed construction plan identifying the schedule for major noise-generating construction activities, disturbance coordinator contact information, and noise complaint response procedures. • Designate a "disturbance coordinator" who would be responsible for responding to any local complaints about construction noise. The disturbance coordinator will determine the cause of the noise complaint (e.g., starting too early, bad muffler, etc.) and will require that reasonable measures warranted to correct the problem be implemented. Conspicuously post a telephone number for the disturbance coordinator at the construction site and include it in the notice sent to neighbors regarding the construction schedule. • For pile driving activities, where feasible, consider a) pre-drilling foundation pile holes to minimize the number of impacts required to seat the pile, b) and use using multiple pile driving rigs to expedite this phase of construction, and/or c) the use of “acoustical blankets” for receivers located within 100 feet of the site. • For mobile equipment that routinely operate near residences (i.e., within approximately 200 feet), consider replacement of typical fixed, pure-tone backup alarms with ambient-sensing and/or broadband backup alarms. Although the above measures would reduce noise generated by the construction, the impact would remain significant and unavoidable as a result of the extended period of time that adjacent receivers would be exposed to construction noise, though the noise would be episodic and temporary in nature. AIRCRAFT NOISE Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact Noise-6 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the site is outside the area significantly impacted by aircraft noise, which has not changed since the 2011 OPSP. The airport land use plan for San Francisco International Airport has been updated since the 2011 EIR, but the OPSP area remains well outside the airport’s noise-affected 65 dBA CNEL noise contour. 1 The exterior noise environment at the OPSP area resulting from aircraft would be considered compatible with proposed uses. 1 City/County Association of Governments of San Mateo County, Comprehensive Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for the Environs of San Francisco International Airport, November 2012, Exhibit IV-5 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 15-1 15 POPULATION, PUBLIC SERVICES AND RECREATION INTRODUCTION This chapter of the Draft SEIR contains discussion regarding three CEQA topic areas related to the increase in employees and residents at the site: Population/Housing, Public Services, and Recreation. It describes the change in employees and residents in the OPSP area and analyzes the potential for impacts on population and housing, public services, and recreation resulting from implementation of the proposed 2017 OPSP Update, including the change in use from office/R&D to residential in a portion of the 2017 OPSP Update area. Michael Baker International performed a Municipal Services Assessment for the City to assess the current existing conditions and need for public services, utilities and recreational opportunities. This chapter is based on that report, dated August 2017, the full text of which is included in Appendix I. POPULATION/HOUSING SETTING Since the 2011 EIR, the City’s Housing Element of the General Plan was updated. The information in this setting section is updated from the City’s 2015 Housing Element. The 2015 Housing Element continued to focus on promotion of medium- and high-density housing developments on infill sites particularly along transit corridors and in the downtown area. The possibility of housing in the OPSP area was not discussed in the 2015 (or any earlier) Housing Element. The Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) documents the Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) for the Bay Area. The RHNA process is a state mandate, devised to address the need for and planning of housing across a range of affordability and in all communities throughout the state. Each jurisdiction within the Bay Area is given a share of the anticipated regional housing need. Local governments are then required to plan where and how the allocated housing units will be developed within their communities. This is done through the Housing Element of each local government’s General Plan. The countywide RHNA process determined a need for 1,864 housing units in South San Francisco between January 1, 2014 and October 31, 2022 (the latest timeframe projected). According to the General Plan Housing Element, the City has a history of imbalance in its jobs/housing ratio. South San Francisco is a “jobs rich” city with substantial in-commuting from other jurisdictions. In 2010, there were approximately 30,000 employed residents in the City compared to 44,000 jobs, a ratio of 1.4 jobs per every working resident of the City. By comparison, in 2010 San Mateo County had a much closer balance between the number of employed residents and total jobs with approximately 342,000 employed residents and 345,000 jobs, a ratio of approximately 1.0 jobs per every working resident of the County. The City’s jobs-housing balance is a measure for land use planning purposes. The City does not currently have an adopted jobs-housing ratio goal, but the Housing Element notes, DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 15-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE “Since 2005, job growth in South San Francisco has been faster than that of the county, increasing at an average annual rate of 2.8 percent, adding substantially to a need to provide additional housing opportunities to support a fast-growing economy.” South San Francisco is projected to continue to contain more jobs than households over this 30-year period. South San Francisco’s jobs-housing imbalance is expected to increase to 1.9 jobs per household in 2040 compared to a ratio around 1.4 projected for both the county and the region in 2040. This represents an increase in jobs in South San Francisco from 43,550 to 53,790 (23.5%) between 2010 and 2040, and from 345,190 to 445,070 (28.9%) county-wide, and 3,385,300 to 4,505,230 (33.1%) in the Bay Area. The Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) projects South San Francisco’s population to increase from 63,632 to 87,700 between 2010 and 2040, a 38 percent increase over 30 years. Household growth is expected to be slightly lower, rising from 20,938 households to 27,900, a gain of 33 percent. These projections reflect the growing need for residential development in South San Francisco. POPULATION/HOUSING IMPACT ANALYSIS Standards of Significance Under the CEQA Guidelines, Appendix G – Environmental Checklist Form, development of the OPSP site as proposed would have a significant environmental impact if it were to result in: 1. The inducement of substantial population growth in an area either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure); or 2. The displacement of substantial numbers of existing housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere; or 3. The displacement of substantial numbers of people, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere. Displacement of Housing or People Same Conclusion (conclusion remains NI): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusion as there have been no changes in existing residents in the area since the 2011 OPSP. The only current residences in the OPSP area are live -aboard boats in the marinas, which are not proposed to be affected by the OPSP. Thus, no residents would be displaced, and construction of replacement housing elsewhere would not be necessitated. Therefore, there would be no impact and no mitigation measures are required. Inducing Population Growth Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS): In addition to the indirect population growth induced by increased employment under the 2011 OPSP, the 2017 OPSP Update would result in direct addition of residents to the OPSP area. While the impact statement has been updated to reflect this change, the combined indirect and direct population growth would not change the significance conclusion. Revised Impact Pop-1: Direct and Indirect Population Growth. As a large employment center and residential development, build-out of both Phase I Project and the entire OPSP would both directly and indirectly induce population growth through creation of CHAPTER 15: POPULATION, PUBLIC SERVICES AND RECREATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 15-3 housing and additional jobs. However, these additional jobs the inclusion of housing would help in part to correct job deficiencies local and region-wide jobs- housing imbalances and the impact would be considered less-than-significant. The Municipal Services Assessment prepared for the 2017 OPSP Update (Appendix I) assumed up to 1 employee for each 376 square feet of non-residential space proposed plus 1.78 residents per household. This would result in a non-residential population of 4,330 employees and a residential population of 2,120 residents for a total Project population of 6,450 employees and residents. As a comparison, calculated this way, the 2011 OPSP would have resulted in 5,984 employees. A jobs-housing ratio is a numeric representation of the relationship between the total number of jobs and the total number of residential units in an area. This ratio indicates the ability of a region to provide both adequate employment and housing opportunities for its existing and projected population. A jobs- housing ratio of 1.0 represents a balance of jobs and housing. An overall jobs-housing ratio of 1.0 is balanced (so that there is little in- or out-commuting). A balance of jobs and housing can benefit the regional environment by reducing commute times and distances between residential areas and employment centers. Longer commutes result in increased vehicle trip length, which creates environmental effects, such as those associated with transportation, air quality, and noise. As discussed in the setting above, South San Francisco currently has a high jobs/housing ratio of 1.4 and a projected ratio of 1.9; this means that South San Francisco is a job center that imports employees from surrounding communities, or alternatively, that exports housing. While the proposed development in the OPSP area under the 2017 OPSP Update continues to propose more jobs than housing, the inclusion of housing with the update reduces the imbalance and the conclusion of less-than-significant remains valid. Direct population growth through provision of housing units would help to balance the existing and growing jobs-housing imbalance. PUBLIC SERVICES AND RECREATION SETTING Michael Baker International performed a Municipal Services Assessment for the City to assess the current existing conditions and need for public services, utilities and recreational opportunities. This setting is based on that report, dated August 2017, the full text of which is included in Appendix I. Police Service The South San Francisco Police Department (SSFPD) provides police service to the entire city, including the OPSP area. As of 2016, the SSFPD had a total of 83 sworn officers and 35 civilian employees with ratio of 1.03 officers per 1,000 service population. Implementing Policy 8.1.I-2 of the General Plan Health and Safety Element seeks to maintain a target ratio of 1.5 officers per 1,000 residents to ensure rapid and timely response to all emergencies. The SSFPD operates generally out of one main station (as opposed to having substations), which is currently located at 33 Arroyo Drive. A new police headquarters that will replace the current main station is proposed as part of the City’s Community Civic Campus project, which is currently undergoing its own SEIR, with construction planned for 2019. In 2016, the SSFPD response times to emergency calls averaged 3:59 minutes and to nonemergency calls averaged 6:03 minutes. These response times are considered acceptable, though there are no adopted standards. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 15-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE Fire Service Fire protection and emergency services within the OPSP area is the responsibility of the South San Francisco Fire Department (SSFFD). There are currently five fire stations located throughout South San Francisco. A new fire station that would replace the existing Station #63 is planned for the Community Civic Campus project. Station #62 is the closest station to the OPSP site, approximately 1.5 miles away at 249 Harbor Way. The SSFFD staffing consists of emergency response, fire prevention, and administrative personnel, for a total of 87 full-time equivalent and 5.68 hourly and contract employees. There are a minimum of 20 on-duty emergency response personnel staffing each of the three shifts. The General Plan Health and Safety Element does not identify a personnel-to-service population target ratio. Response time is defined as the time that elapses between the moment a call is received by dispatch and the moment when the first unit assigned to the call arrives at the scene. The goal is to arrive at emergency incidents within seven minutes after a 9-1-1 call is received, which includes a four-minute travel time with 7-minute total response time. Despite meeting goals for average response times system-wide, the SSFFD has noted that it is looking for alternative sites for Station #62 in the East of 101 area because it has difficulty meeting its response goals in the northern and eastern parts of the city in the East of 101 area where the OPSP is located. Response times, staffing, and equipment contribute to the Insurance Services Office (ISO) rating. Insurance costs for property owners are based, in part, on an ISO rating. The ISO scale ranges from 1 to 10, with 1 representing the best service. The SSFFD rating is 3, which is a rating indicating good service. Schools The South San Francisco Unified School District administers all public schools in City of South San Francisco as well as three elementary schools in San Bruno/Daly City. The South San Francisco Unified School District operates a total of nine elementary schools for kindergarten through 5th grade, three middle schools for grades 6 through 8, and three high schools for grades 9 through 12 as well as an adult and alternative education program. The closest schools to the OPSP site are Martin Elementary School approximately two miles away at 35 School Street, Parkway Heights Middle School approximately three miles away at 650 Sunset Avenue, and South San Francisco High School approximately 3.5 miles away at 400 B Street. The total SSFUSD capacity is 12,600 students. No schools are over capacity, and the current utilization is 70.3 percent. There has been a steady but slight decrease in enrollment districtwide since approval of the 2011 OPSP in 2011. Slightly higher utilization is projected for 2022–23, at 71.5 percent. Libraries The South San Francisco Library System is an independent city library system and also a member of the Peninsula Library System, a consortium of city, county, and community college libraries in San Mateo County providing access to the collections of all member libraries. The South San Francisco Library System has two libraries, the Main Library at 840 West Orange Avenue, and the recently renovated Grand Avenue Branch Library at 306 Walnut Avenue, and two literacy programs that serve the needs of South San Francisco and San Mateo County residents. A new library that would replace the Main Library is planned for development in the Community Civic Campus project. Once completed, library space will amount to approximately 57,000 square feet, or approximately 0.88 square feet per capita based on 2016 population and 0.76 square feet per capita based on the City’s population projection for 2040. Library visits have doubled in the past six years, from 234,854 in 2009–10 to more than a half million in 2014–2015. A goal of the library’s 2016–2020 strategic plan is CHAPTER 15: POPULATION, PUBLIC SERVICES AND RECREATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 15-5 completion of the planned new library in the Community Civic Campus to meet increased demands for library programs and community engagement. Recreation The City of South San Francisco Parks and Recreation Department manages parks and recreation centers within the city boundaries. According to the Municipal Services Assessment, there is an estimated 251.2 acres of parks and open space in the city. Community parks, neighborhood parks, mini-parks, specialty parks, and linear parks collectively provide approximately 1.9 acres of developed parkland per 1,000 residents. Combined with open space and common green areas, there are approximately 3.9 acres of parks and open space per 1,000 residents, which is greater than the General Plan standard of 3.0 acres per 1,000 residents. When school sites that currently have joint use facilities are included, the total developed and open space combined acreage ratio increases to 5.4 acres per 1,000 residents. The two existing parks closest to the OPSP area are Wind Harp and Jack Drago Park (mini-parks) located over a mile from the planning area. The Oyster Point Marina Park is an open space/special use facility, with walking trails, benches, picnic areas, and marina-related services within the OPSP area. All other facilities are west of US Highway 101. PUBLIC SERVICES AND RECREATION IMPACT ANALYSIS Standards of Significance Under the CEQA Guidelines, Appendix G – Environmental Checklist Form, development of the OPSP site as proposed would have a significant environmental impact if it were to result in: 1. Substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: • fire services • police services • schools • parks • other public facilities 2. Increased use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated; or 3. Substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered recreation facilities, or the need for new or physically altered recreation facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios. Overall Services and Recreation Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS): In addition to increased employment under the 2011 OPSP, the 2017 OPSP Update would result in addition of residents to the OPSP area and related increased demand for public services and recreational opportunities. While the 2011 EIR identified less than significant impacts in these topics, a formal impact statement had not DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 15-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE been included. Therefore, the impact statement has been added as a revision and the changes in the 2017 OPSP Update would not change the significance conclusions. Revised Impact Pop-2: Increased Public Service and Recreational Demand. The Project would increase the number of residents and employees at the site, which would increase the demand for public services and recreational demand. However, the Project could be adequately served with existing facilities or new facilities to be constructed per City-wide planning and the impact related to public services and recreation would be considered less than significant. Specific discussion of various services and recreation is provided below. Police Services The Municipal Service Assessment (Appendix I) determined that with the 2017 OPSP Update, build- out of the OPSP would result in an increased incident volume of approximately 0.69 incidents per day. For comparison, calculated the same way, the 2011 OPSP would have resulted in an increased incident volume of 0.16 incidents per day. As noted in the setting, the SSFPD operates generally out of one main station, which will be relocated and expanded as part of the City’s Community Civic Campus project. The developer will pay the Public Safety Impact fee which is designed to offset impacts from new development on public safety capital costs. Therefore, the OPSP would have a less than significant environmental impact related to police services. Fire Services The Municipal Service Assessment (Appendix I) determined that with the 2017 OPSP Update, build- out of the OPSP would result in an increased incident volume of approximately 0.6 incidents per day. For comparison, calculated the same way, the 2011 OPSP would have resulted in an increased incident volume of 0.25 incidents per day. Under CEQA, an impact on public services in itself is not a physical environmental impact required to be evaluated under CEQA; instead, the question is whether the response to that services impact, such as the construction of new facilities, will have significant environmental impacts.1 Fire Station # 62 serves the Oyster Point area from 249 Harbor Boulevard, and is approximately 7,600 square feet, with three apparatus bays and the area to accommodate an on-duty crew of four personnel. The Municipal Services Assessment determined that the OPSP-generated volume increase of 0.6 incidents per day, or 219 incidents annually, would not require an increase in on-duty capacity. Fire Station #62 was constructed in 1962 at a location best suited to protect the area at that time. The Municipal Services Assessment states that areas at the eastern end of the East of 101 Area, including the OPSP area, are just outside of the existing Fire Station # 62’s four-minute travel time capability (which extends to approximately the intersection of Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard). The addition of the proposed 2017 OPSP Update’s residential units combined with the employment- generating uses will necessitate the relocation and replacement of Fire Station #62 in order to effectively serve the OPSP area. A relocated Fire Station # 62 will provide the SSFFD the ability to modify existing deployment to support response time performance that may be impacted by traffic congestion or incident complexity. The relocated Fire Station # 62 does not need to increase in size over the existing 7,600 square feet, but the relocated station will need to be configured to accommodate 1 This interpretation of CEQA was reaffirmed specifically as it relates to fire stations in the recent case: City of Hayward v. Board of Trustees of the California State University (1st Dist., Div. 3 2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 833. CHAPTER 15: POPULATION, PUBLIC SERVICES AND RECREATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 15-7 three apparatus bays and the ability to support an on-duty crew of seven personnel to meet modern operational and housing needs. Such a configuration would provide the opportunity to reconfigure existing fire company or ambulance deployment, which may include relocated or new personnel. While the specific location for a relocated Station #62 has not been proposed, it would be within the East of 101 area, which is a developed urban area. Such a facility would affect only a small area (an acre or less) in an urban location, and as such an infill project, would be unlikely to cause significant environmental effects. That being said, once the details are known, such a relocation project would be subject to review under CEQA to identify, reduce, and mitigate any potential significant environmental effects that are identified. The design of development and building in the OPSP area would be required to comply with the City’s Fire Code (Chapter 15.24 of the Municipal Code) and the City Fire Marshall’s code requirements regarding on site access for emergency vehicles as is a standard condition for any project approval. The developer will pay the Public Safety Impact fee which is designed to offset impacts from new development on public safety capital costs, including Station 62. Therefore, the OPSP would have a less than significant impact related to fire protection services. Schools The Municipal Service Assessment determined that with the 2017 OPSP Update, build-out of the OPSP would result in generation of 195 elementary school students, 93 middle school students, and 147 high school students. The projected enrollment/capacity of the closest schools through 2022–2023 including the OPSP with the 2017 OPSP Update are 631/555 for Martin Elementary School, 723/1,199 for Parkway Heights Middle School, and 1,526/1,764 for South San Francisco High School. Under the currently projected conditions, there would be capacity at Parkway Heights Middle School and South San Francisco High School to accommodate OPSP students; however, there would be insufficient capacity at Martin Elementary School. However, the SSFUSD does not place caps on enrollment at any of its schools. The SSFUSD reviews open enrollment/intra-district transfer requests and strives to balance enrollments across school sites and grade levels and/or brings modular units onto school property to increase capacity if needed. Given the projected system-wide capacity of 71.5 percent and SSFUSD policies to accommodate enrollment, construction of new facilities is not anticipated to be necessary to accommodate OPSP students. Therefore, the environmental impact related to school services would be less than significant. Under the provisions of Senate Bill 50, school districts may collect fees to offset the costs associated with accommodating student enrollment as a result of development. Fee proceeds may be used for construction or renovation of schools. Project sponsors of future development in the SSFUSD must pay all applicable development impact fees in effect at the time of building permit issuance to the SSFUSD to cover additional school services required by the new development. The current fees are $3.36 per residential square foot and $0.54 per commercial square foot. Libraries The residential population in the proposed 2017 OPSP Update would use library services. The American Library Association no longer recommends standards for physical space planning, but recently constructed libraries in mid-sized cities of the San Francisco Peninsula have ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 square feet per capita. Currently in South San Francisco, the library space per capita is approximately 0.54 square feet. With the planned new library/recreation center in the Community Civic Campus, this would result in approximately 0.88 square feet per capita and a total of approximately 57,000 square feet of library space. Some library planning studies have also considered how far a DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 15-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE library should be from the population served, both in terms of distance and the number of minutes of travel time, and a 3- to 5-mile radius is a commonly reported value. However, as with space needs, the American Library Association does not have any standards or guidelines. The Municipal Service Assessment determined that with the 2017 OPSP Update, build-out of the OPSP would result in demand for approximately 1,272 square feet of library space that could be met with current and planned library space. Therefore, the environmental impact related to library services would be less than significant. Recreation The Municipal Service Assessment determined that with the 2017 OPSP Update, build-out of the OPSP would result in demand for a total of 8.6 acres of park and recreational facilities, including 6.4 acres for the residents and 2.2 acres for the employees. For comparison, this would have been 2.98 acres total under the 2011 OPSP. The OPSP includes an approximately 3-acre flexible-use Oyster Point Marina Park and a 3.1-acre Crescent Park and Beach along the shore in addition to improvements to the Bay Trail. The Project sponsor is also proposing to dedicate 4.32 acres of BCDC jurisdictional area in the 2017 OPSP Update area as public open space. This total provided acreage of 10.42 acres in the OPSP area will meet projected generated demand at build-out. A number of planned and potential locations for future parks are described in the City’s Parks & Recreation Master Plan, which could provide an additional 49 acres of parks and 40 acres of open space (including expansion of Oyster Point Marina Park in the OPSP area). The City’s ordinance as authorized by the Quimby Act requires parkland dedication in proposed residential subdivisions or the payment of an in-lieu fee. This fee requirement is a condition of approval of residential development projects. The fees may only be used for acquiring land and developing new park and recreation facilities or for rehabilitating and/or enhancing existing neighborhood parks, community parks, and recreational facilities. As noted in the Municipal Service Assessment, under Goal 2 of the City’s Parks & Recreation Master Plan, the City strives to provide park, trail, or open space within a 5-minute walk (generally 0.25 mile) for every city resident and to have neighborhood parks within 0.75 mile of a neighborhood. The Bay Trail encircles the site with easy access to proposed residents and connects to the existing Oyster Point Marina Park open space/special use facility. Both the proposed Crescent Park and Beach and improved Oyster Point Marina Park would be within 0.75 miles of the proposed residences. Therefore, through on-site provision of recreational opportunities and in-lieu fees to support off-site recreational opportunities per city-wide park planning, the OPSP would not result in additional significant environmental impacts related to construction of new parks or deterioration of existing parks and the environmental impact related to parks and recreation would be less than significant. Other No significant impacts to other public services or recreation are anticipated. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-1 16 TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the transportation conditions in the study area in terms of existing roads and traffic operations, transit service and pedestrian and bicycle conditions. Crane Transportation Group, who prepared the traffic analysis for the 2011 EIR, updated their report for the 2017 OPSP Update. This chapter was prepared in coordination with Crane Transportation Group, with supporting figures and materials included in Appendix J. Traffic counts conducted in May 2016 as well as 2040 traffic projections from the recently updated East of 101 and Downtown Specific Plan traffic model have been used as the foundation for the circulation analysis in this chapter. SETTING There have not been substantial changes to the roadway system in the area since the 2011 EIR was prepared and certified. However, there has been development in the vicinity in that time and changes in both the existing and projected traffic levels in the area. The setting section has been presented here in entirety. ROADWAYS The OPSP site is located at the east end of Oyster Point Boulevard and along Marina Boulevard – see Figure 1 in Appendix J. At the Oyster Point Boulevard / Marina Boulevard T-intersection, Oyster Point continues north to existing development, and Marina Boulevard goes south/east toward the Ferry Terminal, Oyster Point Park and the Oyster Point Marina. OPSP access to the U.S. 101 freeway is provided by a variety of major streets with several route options available to the three interchanges that could potentially be used by OPSP traffic. Each is briefly described below, while a schematic presentation of existing intersection approach lanes and control are presented in Figure 16.1. Freeways U.S.101 is an eight-lane freeway that provides access to the OPSP area. It extends from downtown San Francisco and northern California to Los Angeles and southern California. In the vicinity of the OPSP site, U.S.101 has northbound on-ramps at South Airport Boulevard (at Wondercolor Lane between Mitchell Avenue and Utah Avenue), at Grand Avenue and at Oyster Point Boulevard; northbound off- ramps are provided at South Airport Boulevard (at Wondercolor Lane between Mitchell Avenue and Utah Avenue), at East Grand Avenue / Executive Drive and at Dubuque Avenue (just south of Oyster Point Boulevard). Southbound on-ramps are provided from Airport Boulevard (north of Oyster Point Boulevard), Dubuque Avenue (just south of Oyster Point Boulevard), and at Produce Avenue; southbound off-ramps are provided at Airport Boulevard (just north of Oyster Point Boulevard), Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard and at Produce Avenue. There are auxiliary lanes on northbound U.S.101 both north and south of Oyster Point Boulevard and on southbound U.S.101 south of Oyster DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE Point Boulevard. In 2016 U.S.101 carried an annual average daily traffic (ADT) volume of about 220,000 vehicles in the South San Francisco area.1 Oyster Point Boulevard is one of the primary arterial access routes serving the “East of 101 area” in South San Francisco. It has six travel lanes near its interchange with the U.S.101 freeway, four lanes east of Veterans Boulevard and two lanes east of Gull Road and internal to the OPSP site. East Grand Avenue is a major arterial street and a central access route serving the industrial/ office areas east of the U.S.101 freeway. It has six travel lanes in the vicinity of the freeway and narrows to four travel lanes east of the Forbes Boulevard / Harbor Way intersection. Harbor Way is a two-lane street serving existing and planned industrial/office uses south of East Grand Avenue. Harbor Way provides access to South Airport Boulevard and several U.S.101 freeway ramps via Mitchell Avenue and Utah Avenue. Forbes Boulevard is a two- to four-lane collector street connecting the San Bruno Point Genentech area with East Grand Avenue. There are two travel lanes east of Gull Road and four travel lanes between Gull Road and East Grand Avenue. Airport Boulevard is a four- to six-lane, north-south arterial street that parallels the west side of the U.S.101 freeway. This roadway continues north into the City of Brisbane and the City of San Francisco, where it is called Bayshore Boulevard. South of San Mateo Avenue, Airport Boulevard changes names to Produce Avenue. In the General Plan, Airport Boulevard is classified as a major arterial. Marina Boulevard is a two-lane collector street extending easterly from Oyster Point Boulevard and ending at the east end of Oyster Point Park and Oyster Point Marina. It primarily serves as access to parking areas for the Marina and the Park. Gateway Boulevard is a four-lane major north-south arterial street connecting East Grand Avenue with South Airport Boulevard and Oyster Point Boulevard. Littlefield Avenue is a 40-foot-wide, two-lane north-south street connecting East Grand Avenue with Utah Avenue. Utah Avenue is a four-lane east-west street connecting Littlefield Avenue with South Airport Boulevard. South Airport Boulevard is a four-lane divided roadway traveling from the Airport Boulevard / San Mateo Avenue / Produce Avenue intersection on the north near U.S.101 to the San Bruno Avenue East / North McDonnell Road intersection on the south. Most of South Airport Boulevard runs parallel to and east of U.S.101. Dubuque Avenue is a two- to four-lane north-south roadway running east of and almost parallel to U.S.101 between East Grand Avenue and Oyster Point Boulevard. Mitchell Avenue is a two-lane roadway running in an east/west direction connecting the South Airport Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard intersection on the west to Harbor Way on the east. 1 Traffic Volumes on California State Highways, Caltrans. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-3 Figure 16.1: Study Intersections and Intersection Control Source: Crane Transportation DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE This Page Intentionally Left Blank CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-5 Volumes Weekday AM and PM peak hour analysis was conducted at the following 24 major intersections which would be most likely to be impacted by OPSP traffic. 1. Airport Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Hook Ramps (Signal) 2. Airport Boulevard / Tower Place (Signal)* 3. Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard (Signal) 4. Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp (Signal) 5. Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp and Southbound On-Ramp (Signal) 6. Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Off-Ramp Flyover (Signal) 7. Oyster Point Boulevard / Veterans Boulevard / Gateway Driveway (Signal) 8. Oyster Point Boulevard / Eccles Avenue (Signal) 9. Oyster Point Boulevard / 345/347 Oyster Point Offices* 10. Oyster Point Boulevard / Gull Road (Signal) 11. Forbes Boulevard / Eccles Avenue (Signal)* 12. Forbes Boulevard / Allerton Avenue (All Way Stop) 13. Forbes Boulevard / Gull Road (Signal) 14. Airport Boulevard / Grand Avenue (Signal) 15. Grand Avenue Overcrossing / Dubuque Avenue (Signal) 16. E. Grand Avenue / Grand Avenue Overcrossing (Signal) 17. E. Grand Avenue / Gateway Boulevard (Signal) 18. E. Grand Avenue / Forbes Boulevard / Harbor Way (Signal) 19. E. Grand Avenue / Littlefield Avenue (Signal) 20. E. Grand Avenue / Allerton Avenue (Allerton Stop Sign Controlled) 21. Airport Boulevard / San Mateo Avenue / Produce Avenue (Signal) 22. Gateway Boulevard / S. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue (Signal) 23. S. Airport Boulevard / U.S.101 Northbound Hook Ramps / Wondercolor Lane (Signal) 24. S. Airport Boulevard / Utah Avenue (Signal) *intersections added to analysis since 2011 Traffic Analysis. Existing counts were conducted at all locations in May 2016 under direction of Crane Transportation Group. Figures 3 and 4 in Appendix J present existing AM and PM peak hour volumes at the analysis intersections. OPSP TRIP CHARACTERISTICS Trip Generation Trip generation is shown in Table 16.1. This table includes trips generated by existing uses in the OPSP area, the net change in trips from existing under the 2011 OPSP, the net change in trips from existing under the 2017 OPSP Update, and the difference from the 2011 OPSP and the 2017 OPSP. This table includes trips for the 2017 OPSP Update area as well as the remainder of the OPSP area and the total trips in the entire OPSP area. CEQA specifies that existing uses at a site are typically the baseline against which to compare changes due to the project, as presented above and in Table 16.1. However, because the 2017 OPSP Update represents a change in the plan for development of the area, Table 16.1 also presents a comparison of the OPSP trip generation including the 2017 OPSP Update versus the previous 2011 OPSP without the current update. While not used for CEQA analysis, this table provides a comparison of how trips would DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE be different between the previously proposed 2011 OPSP and the current 2017 OPSP Update in the context of the current traffic model (which has been updated since the 2011 EIR). As shown in Table 16.1, with the 2017 OPSP Update, the entire OPSP would generate net new trips of about 9,566 daily, 265 inbound and 315 outbound trips during the AM peak hour, and 262 inbound and 333 outbound trips during the PM peak hour compared to existing trips at the site. This can be compared to the 2011 OPSP, which would have generated about 9,566 daily, 476 inbound and 100 outbound trips during the AM peak hour, and 91 inbound and 473 outbound trips during the PM peak hour compared to existing trips at the site. As shown in the “2011 OPSP to 2017 OPSP Update Difference” columns of the table, total daily traffic would be the same between 2011 OPSP and the 2017 OPSP Update. Comparing two-way peak hour traffic flows, during the AM peak hour the 2017 OPSP Update would result in no difference in trip generation, while during the PM peak hour the 2017 OPSP Update would result in 25 more trips compared to the 2011 OPSP. Comparing directionality of peak hour trips, the 2017 OPSP Update would result in a reduction in AM inbound trips by 215 trips and a reduction in PM outbound trips by 141. Despite not substantially changing overall daily or two-way traffic, there would be a substantial change in the directionality of the trips between the 2011 OPSP and the 2017 OPSP Update. Job-generating uses have mostly inbound traffic in the morning as employees arrive to work and outbound traffic in the afternoon/evening as employees leave for the day whereas residential uses generally have trips in the reverse directions with mostly outbound traffic in the morning as residents head off to work and inbound traffic in the afternoon/evening as residents return home. The 2011 OPSP did not contain residential uses, so trips were mostly heading the same directions in the peak hours, which is the same direction other trips in the predominantly employment-based development in the East of 101 area are heading. Because of the mix of residential and job-generating uses, the 2017 OPSP Update would have more balanced inbound/outbound flows during both the AM and PM peak hours than the 2011 OPSP and there would therefore be some difference in the potential impacts to the roadway system due to this change in the directionality of trips despite very similar overall traffic levels. Trip Distribution OPSP traffic was distributed to the regional roadway network based upon the updated East of 101 and Downtown Specific Plan traffic model (see Tables 1 and 2 in Appendix J). It is likely that OPSP employment and residential drivers destined to/from the U.S.101 freeway either north or south would choose to access the freeway via several routes and interchanges. Existing With OPSP AM and PM peak hour intersection turn volumes are shown in Figures 12 and 13 in Appendix J, respectively, while Existing With OPSP AM and PM peak hour freeway volumes are shown in Figure 14 in Appendix J. Likewise, year 2040 With OPSP AM and PM peak hour intersection turn volumes are shown in Figures 15 and 16 in Appendix J, respectively, while 2040 With OPSP AM and PM peak hour freeway volumes are shown in Figure 17 in Appendix J. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 20 1 7 OP S P UPD A T E PAGE 16-7 Ta b l e 1 6 . 1 : T r i p G e n e r a t i o n a n d C o m p a r i s o n EXI S T I N G TRI P S 2 0 1 1 OP S P NET TRI P S * 2 0 1 7 OP S P UPD A T E NET TRIPS* 2011 OPSP TO 2017 OPSP UPDATE DIFFERENCE AM P e a k H o u r P M P e a k H o u r D a i l y AM P e a k H o u r P M P e a k H o u r D a i l y AM P e a k H o u r P M P e a k H o u r D a i l y AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Daily Ph a s e U n i t In O u t I n O u t 2 - W a y Si z e In O u t I n O u t 2 - W a y Si z e In O u t I n O u t 2 - W a y I n O u t I n O u t 2 - W a y 20 1 7 O P S P U p d a t e A r e a II I a n d I V Re s i d e n t i a l U n i t 12 2 3 0 2 6 1 2 1 1 , 4 9 0 0 22 1 4 7 5 5 2 4 3 4, 4 0 0 1, 1 9 1 -5 8 2 5 4 2 4 0 1 6 3 , 3 9 1 - 2 7 9 2 0 7 1 8 5 - 2 2 7 - 1 , 0 0 9 Co m m e r c i a l S F 0 2 2 , 0 0 0 Of f i c e / R & D S F 1 , 1 9 2 , 0 0 0 0 II Of f i c e / R & D S F 40 1 0 9 4 0 4 9 0 60 0 , 0 0 0 13 2 2 9 3 2 1 4 3 2 , 4 6 9 1, 0 4 2 , 0 0 0 20 0 3 7 1 8 2 3 0 3 , 5 3 5 6 8 8 - 1 4 8 7 1 , 0 6 5 Co m m e r c i a l S F 0 2 8 , 0 0 0 0 20 1 7 O P S P U p d a t e A r e a T o t a l 16 9 4 0 3 5 1 6 1 1 , 9 8 0 3 5 3 7 6 8 7 3 8 6 6 , 8 6 9 1 4 2 2 9 1 2 5 8 2 4 6 6 , 9 2 6 - 2 1 1 2 1 5 1 7 1 - 1 4 0 5 6 Re m a i n d e r o f t h e O P S P I Of f i c e / R & D S F 7 0 5 6 1 0 0 7 6 1 , 2 3 5 5 0 8 , 0 0 0 7 2 - 2 4 - 7 8 3 3 1 , 2 0 5 5 0 8 , 0 0 0 7 0 - 2 5 - 7 8 3 2 1 , 1 6 3 - 2 - 1 0 - 1 - 4 2 Ho t e l R o o m s 8 3 5 8 1 0 8 3 5 0 5 5 4 8 8 7 5 5 1 , 4 9 1 3 5 0 5 3 4 9 8 2 5 5 1 , 4 7 7 - 2 1 - 5 0 - 1 4 Re m a i n d e r o f t h e O P S P T o t a l 78 5 9 1 0 5 8 4 1 , 3 4 3 1 2 7 2 4 9 8 8 2 , 6 9 6 1 2 3 2 4 4 8 7 2 , 6 4 0 - 4 0 - 5 - 1 - 5 6 To t a l O P S P En t i r e O P S P T o t a l 24 0 9 9 1 4 0 2 4 5 3 , 3 2 4 4 7 6 1 0 0 9 1 4 7 3 9 , 5 6 6 2 6 5 3 1 5 2 6 2 3 3 3 9 , 5 6 6 - 2 1 5 2 1 5 1 6 6 - 1 4 1 0 * N e t t r i p s a r e m o d e l e d t r i p s m i n u s e x i s t i n g t r i p s . So u r c e : W & S S o l u t i o n s DRA F T SUB S E Q U E N T ENV I R O N M E N T A L IMP A C T REP O R T PAG E 16 - 8 2017 OPSP UPDATE Th i s p a g e h a s b e e n i n t e n t i o n a l l y l e f t b l a n k DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-9 INTERSECTION OPERATION Analysis Methodology Signalized Intersections. For signalized intersections, the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (Transportation Research Board, National Research Council) methodology was utilized. With this methodology, operations are defined by the level of service and average control delay per vehicle (measured in seconds) for the entire intersection. For a signalized intersection, control delay is the portion of the total delay attributed to traffic signal operation. This includes delay associated with deceleration, acceleration, stopping, and moving up in the queue. Table 16.2 summarizes the relationship between delay and LOS for signalized intersections. Unsignalized Intersections. For unsignalized (all-way stop-controlled and side-street stop-controlled) intersections, the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (Transportation Research Board, National Research Council) methodology for unsignalized intersections was utilized. For side-street stop-controlled intersections, operations are defined by the level of service and average control delay per vehicle (measured in seconds), with delay reported for the stop sign controlled approaches or turn movements, although overall delay is also typically reported for intersections along state highways. For all-way stop-controlled intersections, operations are defined by the average control delay for the entire intersection (measured in seconds per vehicle). The delay at an unsignalized intersection incorporates delay associated with deceleration, acceleration, stopping, and moving up in the queue. Table 16.3 summarizes the relationship between delay and LOS for unsignalized intersections. Table 16.2: Signalized Intersection LOS Criteria Level of Service Description Average Control Delay (Seconds Per Vehicle) A Operations with very low delay occurring with favorable progression and/or short cycle lengths. ≤ 10.0 B Operations with low delay occurring with good progression and/or short cycle lengths. 10.1 to 20.0 C Operations with average delays resulting from fair progression and/or longer cycle lengths. Individual cycle failures begin to appear. 20.1 to 35.0 D Operations with longer delays due to a combination of unfavorable progression, long cycle lengths, and/or high volume-to-capacity (V/C) ratios. Many vehicles stop and individual cycle failures are noticeable. 35.1 to 55.0 E Operations with high delay values indicating poor progression, long cycle lengths, and high V/C ratios. Individual cycle failures are frequent occurrences. This is considered to be the limit of acceptable delay. 55.1 to 80.0 F Operation with delays unacceptable to most drivers occurring due to oversaturation, poor progression, or very long cycle lengths. > 80.0 Source: 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (Transportation Research Board). DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-10 2017 OPSP UPDATE Table 16.3: Unsignalized Intersection LOS Criteria Level of Service Description Average Control Delay (Seconds Per Vehicle) A Little or no delays ≤ 10.0 B Short traffic delays 10.1 to 15.0 C Average traffic delays 15.1 to 25.0 D Long traffic delays 25.1 to 35.0 E Very long traffic delays 35.1 to 50.0 F Extreme traffic delays with intersection capacity exceeded (for an all-way stop), or with approach/turn movement capacity exceeded (for a side street stop controlled intersection) > 50.0 Source: 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (Transportation Research Board). Analysis Software All existing and future operating conditions have been evaluated using the Synchro software program. Standards The City of South San Francisco considers Level of Service D (LOS D) to be the poorest acceptable operation for signalized and all-way-stop intersections, with LOS E the poorest acceptable operation for unsignalized city street intersection turn movements. Existing Intersection Operating Conditions Table 16.4 shows that under existing conditions (based on the latest traffic counts conducted in May 2016), all 24 analyzed intersections were operating at acceptable Levels of Service during the AM peak traffic hour, while 23 of the 24 analyzed intersections are also operating acceptably during the PM peak traffic hour. The exception is: Gateway Boulevard / S. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue, which is operating at an unacceptable LOS E during the evening commute peak hour. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-11 Table 16.4 – Intersection Level of Service – Existing With and Without OPSP Traffic AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Intersection Without OPSP With OPSP Without OPSP With OPSP Airport Blvd./U.S.101 SB Hook Ramps (Signal) C-24.5 (1) C-24.8 C-29.9 C-29.9 Airport Blvd./Tower Pl (Signal) A-7.5 (1) A-7.6 A-5.9 A-6.3 Airport Blvd./Sister Cities Blvd./Oyster Point Blvd. (Signal) C-33.5 (1) C-33.5 D-43.1 D-44.0 Oyster Point/Dubuque Ave./U.S.101 NB On-Ramp (Signal) C-27.0 (1) C-34,7 C-22.8 C-25.2 Dubuque Ave./U.S.101 NB Off-Ramp and SB On-Ramp (Signal) B-10.9 (1) B-11.7 A-7.9 A-8.1 Oyster Point Blvd./Gateway/U.S.101 SB Off-Ramp Flyover (Signal) C-31.4 (1) D-37.9 C-21.0 C-22.5 Oyster Point Blvd/Veterans Blvd (Signal) B-13.7 (1) B-14.5 B-12.4 B-12.6 Oyster Point Blvd./Eccles Ave. (Signal) B-18.7 (1) C-27.4 A-9.6 B-11.4 Oyster Point/345-347 Oyster Point Offices (Signal) A-2.4 (1) A-3.3 B-12.9 B-12.9 Oyster Point Blvd./Gull Rd. (Signal) B-12.7 (1) B-18.2 D-40.7 D-40.4 Forbes Blvd./Eccles Ave. (Signal) B-15.1 (1) B-17.4 B-13.3 B-13.4 Forbes Blvd./Allerton Ave. (All Way Stop Control) B-14.9 (2) C-15.8 C-16.3 C-20.1 Forbes Blvd./Gull Rd. (Signal) B-14.5 (1) B-15.8 B-10.5 B-12.4 Airport Blvd./Grand Ave. (Signal) D-38.2 (1) D-38.3 D-41.0 D-41.2 Grand Overcrossing/Dubuque Ave. (Signal) A-5.0 (1) A-5.4 A-5.0 A-6.2 E. Grand Ave./Grand Ave. Overcrossing (Signal) A-6.3 (1) A-6.3 A-7.3 A-8.0 E. Grand Ave./Gateway Blvd. (Signal) C-22.7 (1) C-27.0 B-20.0 C-20.3 E. Grand Ave./Forbes Blvd./Harbor Way (Signal) C-30.5 (1) C-33.1 D-37.0 D-46.4 E. Grand Ave./Littlefield Ave. (Signal) D-43.4 (1) D-54.1 B-14.6 B-14.9 E. Grand Ave/Allerton Ave. (Allerton Stop Sign Control) B-10.1 (3) B-10.4 D-28.6 D-29.6 Airport Blvd./San Mateo Ave./Produce Ave. (Signal) D-36.3 (1) D-36.8 D-39.3 D-39.9 Gateway Blvd./S. Airport Blvd./Mitchell Ave. (Signal) D-48.9 (1) D-52.0 E-63.9 E-73.5 * [4.2%] S. Airport Blvd./U.S.101 NB Hook Ramps/Wondercolor (Signal) C-28.0 (1) C-30.2 C-26.5 C-26.8 S. Airport Blvd./Utah Ave. (Signal) C-28.4 (1) C-28.8 C-32.7 C-35.8 (1) Signalized level of service – control delay in seconds. (2) All way stop – control delay in seconds. (3) Unsignalized level of service – control delay in seconds, Allerton stop sign controlled approach. [xx%] – project volume percent of total traffic entering intersection Bolded results = unacceptable operation * = significant impact Year 2000/2010 Highway Capacity Manual Analysis Methodology Source: Crane Transportation Group DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-12 2017 OPSP UPDATE VEHICLE QUEUING Analysis Methodology The Synchro software program has determined projections of vehicle queuing on the critical approaches to three signalized off-ramp intersections evaluated in this study and on the approaches to adjacent intersections that need to accommodate flow from the off-ramp intersection:  U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp / South Airport Boulevard / Wondercolor Lane intersection  U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp / Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard intersection  U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp / Dubuque Avenue intersection and the adjacent Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp intersection In addition, off-ramp queuing was also evaluated on the U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp connection to East Grand Avenue / Executive Drive. While this off-ramp is not controlled on its approach to this first intersection, East Grand Avenue is signal controlled at its next major intersection to the east (at Grand Avenue Overcrossing). Queuing results for this signalized location were evaluated to see if any queuing extended back to the off-ramp. Projections are provided for each off-ramp as well as for turn lanes and other surface street approaches that have nearby adjacent intersections. Queuing Standards The standard adopted by the City of South San Francisco and Caltrans is that the 95th percentile vehicle queue must be accommodated within available storage for each off-ramp and on the approaches to intersections adjacent to off-ramp intersections that accommodate a significant amount of off-ramp traffic. In addition, no off-ramp traffic is allowed to back up to the freeway mainline during the entire AM or PM peak traffic hour. The 95th percentile queue indicates that vehicle backups will only extend beyond this length five percent of the time during the analysis hour. Queuing analysis is presented in this study for Existing (2016) and 2040 Without and With OPSP conditions. Off-ramp queuing has been evaluated using both the Synchro software output which details queuing for one of the signal cycles during the peak traffic hour. Existing Intersection 95th Percentile Queuing Table 16.5 shows that the following intersections have 95th percentile queuing demand greater than available storage. AM Peak Hour  Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp o Oyster Point eastbound left turn  Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Off-Ramp o Southbound Off-Ramp right turn  E. Grand Avenue / Gateway Boulevard o E. Grand eastbound left turn PM Peak Hour  Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard o Oyster Point westbound thru and right turn lanes CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-13 Table 16.5 – 95th Percentile Queues* - Existing (2016) Intersections at or Near U.S.101 Interchanges Potentially Impacted by the OPSP 95th Percentile Queue* in Feet Storage AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Intersection Distance in Feet Without OPSP With OPSP Without OPSP With OPSP Airport Blvd./U.S. 101 SB On/Off Hook Ramps Off-Ramp Left and Left/Right Turn 1225 188 194 412 424 NB Thru and Thru/Right Turn 900 172 180 334 354 Airport Blvd./Sister Cities Blvd./Oyster Point Blvd. PM WB Left Turn 370 108 110 140 142 WB Thru and Thru/Right Turn 520 204 224 600 818* [2.6%] Oyster Point Blvd./Dubuque Ave./U.S. 101 NB On-Ramp AM EB Left Turn 310 378 390 [0.0%] 156 185 EB Thru/Right 725 371 383 136 176 WB Thru 825 94 107 492 533 WB Left Turn 1375 178 406 614 952 WB Right Turn 1340 110 114 334 382 NB Left Turn 520 154 158 386 386 NB Thru 260 54 54 87 89 NB Right Turn 460 448 554* [19.0%] 62 94 Dubuque Ave./U.S. 101 SB On and NB Off-Ramps PM Off-Ramp/Left/Thru 1295 416 496 250 295 SB Right Turn 600 26 25 25 25 Oyster Point Blvd./Gateway Blvd./U.S. 101 SB Off-Ramp SB Off-Ramp Thru 5940 770 900 134 156 SB Off-Ramp Right Turn Lane 375 512 513 [0.0%] 86 87 EB Thru 2610 1152 1437 159 240 Airport Blvd./Grand Ave. SB Airport Blvd. Left Turn/Thru 900 732 736 514 577 SB Airport Blvd. Right Turn 90 22 25 29 30 E. Grand Ave./Grand Ave. Overcrossing NB Approach 3790 200 200 333 333 E. Grand Ave./Gateway Blvd. EB Left Turn 150 225 225 [0.0%] 118 140 EB Through 870 185 300 413 413 S. Airport Blvd./Produce Ave./San Mateo Ave. WB Combined Left/Thru 1680 698 715 825 848 WB Right Turn 90 25 25 25 25 S. Airport Blvd./Gateway Blvd./Mitchell Ave. EB Left Turn 170 105 115 48 113 EB Combined Thru/Right 1400 888 1043 540 540 U.S. 101 NB Off-Ramp/S. Airport Blvd./Wondercolor Lane All Off-Ramp Lanes 2150 846 1001 368 371 *Synchro software used for all analysis year 2010 where possible, otherwise year 2000. [xx%] – project percent of turn or through movement Bolded results = unacceptable operation * = significant impact Source: Crane Transportation Group DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-14 2017 OPSP UPDATE FREEWAY OPERATION Analysis Methodology U.S. 101 freeway mainline segments were evaluated based on the Year 2010 Highway Capacity Manual as specified by Caltrans and the San Mateo County Congestion Management Program (CMP). U.S. 101 existing traffic conditions were evaluated for the weekday AM and PM Peak Hours. Existing traffic volumes used for the analysis were obtained from May 2016 freeway mainline counts from the Caltrans Performance Measurement System (PeMS) for U.S.101 in South San Francisco on the same day as the intersection turn movement counts. Existing U.S.101 mainline AM and PM peak hour volumes are presented in Figure 5 in Appendix J. San Mateo CMP Standards for Freeways The LOS standards established for freeways in the San Mateo County CMP street network vary based on geographic differences. For roadway segments and intersections near the county border, the LOS standard was set as LOS E in order to be consistent with the recommendations in the neighboring counties. If the existing Level of Service in 1990/91 was F, the standard was set to LOS F. If the existing or future LOS was or will be E, the standard was set to E. For the remaining freeway segments, the standard was set to be one letter designation worse than the projected LOS in the year 2000. If a proposed land use change would either cause a deficiency (to operate below the standard LOS) on a CMP-designated roadway system facility, or would significantly affect an already deficient baseline LOS, mitigation measures are to be developed so that LOS standards are maintained on the CMP- designated roadway system. If mitigation measures are not feasible (due to financial, environmental or other factors), a Deficiency Plan must be prepared for the deficient facility. The Deficiency Plan must indicate the land use and infrastructure action items to be implemented by the local agency to eliminate the deficient conditions. In determining whether a Deficiency Plan is required or not, traffic originating outside the County may be excluded from the modeling prior to determination of conformance. Existing Freeway Operation Existing Levels of Service on the freeway segments in South San Francisco were based upon analysis of year 2016 volumes. LOS A through E are considered acceptable operating conditions for U.S. 101 in South San Francisco. Table 16.6 shows that currently all U.S.101 freeway segments are operating at acceptable levels during the weekday AM and PM peak hours. Conditions are generally poorer along U.S.101 to the north of Oyster Point Boulevard with LOS E operation in both directions during the AM peak hour and in the northbound direction during the PM peak hour. OFF-RAMP OPERATION AT DIVERGE FROM FREEWAY MAINLINE Analysis Methodology and Standards Caltrans uses an off-ramp volume of 1,500 vehicles per hour as the maximum acceptable limit that can be accommodated by a single lane off-ramp at its divergence from the freeway mainline and 2,300 vehicles per hour as the maximum acceptable limit by a two-lane off-ramp. Existing Off-Ramp Diverge Operations Table 16.7 shows that currently all U.S.101 freeway off-ramps serving South San Francisco and the East of 101 area are operating acceptably and have volumes below 1,500 or 2,300 vehicles per hour during the AM and PM peak traffic hours. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-15 Table 16.6 – Freeway Mainline Levels of Service Year 2016 Without and With OPSP Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update Segment Volume LOS Density Volume LOS Density AM Peak Hour North of Oyster Point Boulevard Northbound 8023 E 38.5 7928 E 37.7 Southbound 7692 E 35.7 7774 E 36.4 North of I-380 Northbound 10951 D 32.8 11073 D 33.4 Southbound 7936 C 20.7 8036 C 21.0 PM Peak Hour North of Oyster Point Boulevard Northbound 7668 E 35.5 7823 E 36.8 Southbound 6852 D 29.9 6880 D 30.1 North of I-380 Northbound 7551 C 21.0 7589 C 21.1 Southbound 8677 C 22.9 8846 C 23.4 Bolded results = unacceptable operation LOS = Level of service Density is shown in passenger cars per lane per mile. Year 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Analysis Methodology Source: Crane Transportation Group DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-16 2017 OPSP UPDATE Table 16.7 – Off-Ramp Capacity and Volumes at Diverge From Freeway Mainline – Existing (2016) and Year 2040 With and Without OPSP Traffic – AM and PM Peak Hours AM PEAK HOUR Volumes Existing (2016) Year 2040 U.S.101 Off-Ramp Diverge Capacity (Veh/Hr) Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP SB Off-Ramp to Airport Blvd. 1500(1) 245 253 383 381 378 SB Off-Ramp to Oyster Point/Gateway 1500(1) 1011 1097 1418 1488 1607* [13.3%] NB Off-Ramp to S. Airport Blvd./ Wondercolor 2300(2) 1567 1677 2406 2426 [0.8%] 2472* [2.7%] NB Off-Ramp to E. Grand Ave./Executive Dr. 2300(2) 1384 1395 1392 1405 1404 NB Off-Ramp to Dubuque Ave. 1500(1) 779 903 1165 1312 1301 PM PEAK HOUR Volumes Existing (2016) Year 2040 U.S.101 Off-Ramp Diverge Capacity (Veh/Hr) Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP SB Off-Ramp to Airport Blvd. 1500(1) 552 554 621 621 618 SB Off-Ramp to Oyster Point/Gateway 1500(1) 187 209 209 260 211 NB Off-Ramp to S. Airport Blvd./ Wondercolor 2300(2) 553 556 746 734 753 NB Off-Ramp to E. Grand Ave./Executive Dr. 2300(2) 481 483 483 483 483 NB Off-Ramp to Dubuque Ave. 1500(1) 486 539 590 632 593 (1) Caltrans desired volume limit that can be accommodated by a single off-ramp lane connection to the freeway mainline. (2) Volume limit for a two-lane off-ramp connection to the freeway mainline. Bolded results = unacceptable operation * = significant impact Source: Crane Transportation Group CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-17 ON-RAMP OPERATION Analysis Methodology and Standards On-ramp operation has been evaluated using planning level methodology contained in the Year 2000 Highway Capacity Manual (page 25-4/Exhibit 25-3). Capacity is dependent upon the free flow speed of on-ramp traffic. For single lane diamond on-ramps with higher speeds, capacity has been set at 2,200 vehicles per hour, while for single lane button hook or curving on-ramps, capacity has been set at 2,000 vehicles per hour. Existing On-Ramp Operations Table 16.8 shows that currently, all U.S.101 freeway on-ramps serving South San Francisco and the East of 101 area are operating acceptably and have volumes well below capacity during the AM and PM peak hours. Table 16.8 – On-Ramp Capacity and Volumes - Existing (2016) and Year 2040 With and Without OPSP Traffic – AM and PM Peak Hours AM PEAK HOUR VOLUMES EXISTING (2016) YEAR 2040 U.S.101 On-Ramp Capacity(1) (Veh/Hr) Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP SB On-Ramp from Dubuque Ave. 2000 707 825 787 876 825 SB On-Ramp from Produce Ave. 3300(2) 1082 1093 1336 1344 1342 NB On-Ramp from Oyster Point Blvd./Dubuque Ave. 2200 793 806 912 948 902 PM PEAK HOUR VOLUMES EXISTING (2016) YEAR 2040 U.S.101 On-Ramp Capacity(1) (Veh/Hr) Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP SB On-Ramp from Dubuque Ave. 2000 1052 1265 1506 1663 1641 SB On-Ramp from Produce Ave. 3300(2) 1891 1908 2340 2361 2332 NB On-Ramp from Oyster Point Blvd./Dubuque Ave. 2200 1289 1382 2482 2602* [4.8%] 2563* [3.3%] (1) Planning level capacity: Year 2010 Highway Capacity Manual, Exhibit 13-10, Transportation Research Board. (2) Two-lane on-ramp. Bolded results = unacceptable operation * = significant impact Source: Crane Transportation Group DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-18 2017 OPSP UPDATE TRANSIT AND SHUTTLE SERVICE Transit service in the study area that is expected to be available to development in the OPSP area includes bus service west of the U.S. 101 freeway (SamTrans), shuttle service, ferry service and regional rail service (Caltrain and BART). Figures 6 and 7 in Appendix J show shuttle service east of the U.S.101 freeway in the OPSP vicinity, while Tables 3, 4 and 5 in Appendix J list the BART, Caltrain and ferry service schedules to the Oyster Point area. Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART)2 provides regional rail service between the East Bay, San Francisco and San Mateo County, connecting between San Francisco International Airport and Millbrae Intermodal Station to the south, San Francisco to the north and Oakland, Richmond, Pittsburg/Bay Point, Dublin/Pleasanton and Fremont in the East Bay. The South San Francisco Station is located approximately four miles northwest of the OPSP at Mission Road and McLellan Drive. BART trains operate on 15-minute headways during peak hours and 20-minute headways during off-peak hours. Caltrain3 provides passenger rail service on the Peninsula between San Francisco and San Jose, and limited service trains to Morgan Hill and Gilroy during weekday commute periods. The South San Francisco Caltrain station is currently located approximately 1.5 miles west of the OPSP at 590 Dubuque Avenue, on the east side of U.S.101, immediately north of East Grand Avenue. By 2019, Caltrain plans to relocate the South San Francisco Caltrain station several hundred feet to the south near the Grand Avenue/Airport Boulevard intersection. The South San Francisco Caltrain station serves local and limited trains with 23 northbound and 23 southbound weekday trains. The South San Francisco Caltrain station provides weekday service from 5:40 AM to 12:00 AM with 60-minute headways during off-peak times. Water Emergency Transportation Authority (WETA) 4 Provides commuter ferry service between Oakland/Alameda ferry terminals and the South San Francisco ferry terminal at Oyster Point. There are three morning departures from Oakland/Alameda to South San Francisco and three evening departures from South San Francisco to Oakland/Alameda. San Mateo County Transit District (SamTrans)5 provides bus and rail service (through Caltrain) in San Mateo County. No SamTrans routes stop east of Highway 101 in South San Francisco. Peninsula Traffic Congestion Relief Alliance (Commute.org) 6 shuttles provide first/last mile connections between BART and Caltrain stations and the WETA ferry terminal and local employers in the East of 101 area. The Oyster Point shuttles connect Caltrain, BART and ferry riders to Oyster Point, Forbes Boulevard and Eccles Avenue during peak commute hours, between 6:30 AM and 10:00 AM, and between 3:00 PM and 6:00 PM. The Utah-Grand shuttles connect Caltrain, BART and ferry riders to East Grand Avenue and Utah Avenue. This line provides service during peak commute hours, between 5:30 AM and 9:30 AM. Both shuttle services provide 30-minute headways. The nearest stops are located at the East Grand Avenue turnaround adjacent to Building 43 (served by the Utah-Grand area shuttles), Allerton Avenue/Cabot Road (served by the Utah-Grand area shuttles) and Forbes Boulevard/Carlton Court (served by the Oyster Point area shuttles). 2 All transit service descriptions from Genentech Master Plan Draft Transportation Impact Assessment, January 2017, by Fehr & Peers. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-19 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES Sidewalks are in place along Oyster Point Boulevard within the OPSP site. There are no sidewalks along Marina Boulevard. However, there are paved pathways in Oyster Point Park adjacent to Marina Boulevard. Several pedestrian improvements are planned in the East of 101 area. The South San Francisco Downtown Station Area Plan calls for a pedestrian and bicycle rail crossing underpass connecting the Grand Avenue/Airport Boulevard intersection to the new Caltrain station, expected to be completed by 2019. The South San Francisco Pedestrian Plan calls for the closure of sidewalk gaps in the area, prioritizing Forbes Boulevard, Allerton Avenue and East Grand Avenue. BICYCLE FACILITIES Bicycle facilities consist of separated bikeways, bicycle lanes, routes, trails and paths, as well as bike parking, bike lockers and showers for cyclists. On-street bicycle facilities are generally grouped into four categories:  Class I: Provides a completely separated right-of-way for the exclusive use of cyclists and pedestrians with cross-flow minimized (e.g., off-street bicycle paths).  Class II: Provides a striped lane for one-way travel on a street or highway.  Class III: Provides for shared use with motor vehicle traffic; however, are often signed or include a striped bicycle lane.  Class IV: Provides a right-of-way designated exclusively for bicycle travel adjacent to a roadway and which are protected from vehicular traffic. Types of separation include, but are not limited to, grade separation, flexible posts, inflexible physical barriers or on-street parking. There are no Class I, II or Class III bicycle lane designations along Oyster Point Boulevard or Marina Boulevard internal to the OPSP site, although there are numerous bicycle facilities available in the study area. Bike lanes are provided along East Grand Avenue east of Littlefield Avenue, Sister Cities Boulevard, Oyster Point Boulevard (east of Gateway Avenue), Gull Road, Forbes Boulevard (to the east of Allerton Avenue), and Gateway Boulevard (south of East Grand Avenue). Bike routes are designated on South Airport Boulevard and on East Grand Avenue between Executive Drive and the East Grand Overcrossing. Bike paths are available along Executive Drive, and along the shoreline (Bay Trail). Future bike lanes are planned along Gateway Boulevard, East Grand Avenue and Allerton Avenue. Future bike routes are also planned along Forbes Boulevard (west of Allerton Avenue) and along the Caltrain right-of-way. The proposed future bike lanes, routes, and paths are designated in the General Plan Transportation Element.7 CITY OF SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM The City of South San Francisco requires that all nonresidential development expected to generate 100 or more average daily trips, based on the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates or a project seeking a floor area ratio (FAR) bonus implement Transportation Demand Management (TDM) measures to reduce vehicle traffic (Chapter 20.120 Transportation Demand Management). The purposes of the TDM ordinance are as follows:  Implement a program designed to reduce the amount of traffic generated by new nonresidential development, and the expansion of existing nonresidential development pursuant to the City’s police power and necessary in order to protect the public health, safety and welfare. 7 City of South San Francisco, South San Francisco General Plan: Transportation Element, 1999, Figure 4-3. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-20 2017 OPSP UPDATE  Ensure that expected increases in traffic resulting from growth in employment opportunities in the City of South San Francisco will be adequately mitigated.  Reduce drive-alone commute trips during peak traffic periods by using a combination of services, incentives, and facilities.  Promote the more efficient utilization of existing transportation facilities and ensure that new developments are designed in ways to maximize the potential for alternative transportation usage.  Establish minimum TDM requirements for all new nonresidential development.  Allow reduced parking requirements for projects implementing the requirements of this chapter.  Establish an ongoing monitoring and enforcement program to ensure that the measures are implemented. The analysis prepared for the General Plan Amendment includes the assumption that a moderate TDM program will reduce peak hour traffic generation by an additional 9.5 percent compared to existing traffic generation rates, while an intensive TDM program will reduce peak hour traffic generation by an additional 20 to 25 percent. The objective of TDM programs is to reduce vehicle trips at commercial/residential developments by incorporating project components such as encouraging increased transit use, carpooling, and providing facilities for bicyclists and pedestrians. South San Francisco has a “menu” of potential TDM programs, each with a specific number of points that relate to the program’s effectiveness. South San Francisco’s program includes a list of required and additional measures, and each applicant is required to meet a minimum alternative mode shift requirement. Examples of TDM programs include bicycle racks and lockers, free carpool parking, shuttle services, and on-site amenities. AGENCIES WITH JURISDICTION OVER TRANSPORTATION IN SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO8 The City of South San Francisco has jurisdiction over all local City streets and City-operated traffic signals within the study area. Several regional agencies, including the City/County Association of Governments of San Mateo County (C/CAG), the Congestion Management Agency in San Mateo County, and the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC), coordinate and establish funding priorities for intra-regional transportation improvement programs. Freeways serving South San Francisco (U.S.101, I-380 and I-280), associated local freeway ramps, and local surface highway segments are under the jurisdiction of the State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). Transit service providers such as BART, Caltrain, SamTrans and the Water Emergency Transportation Authority (ferry service) have jurisdiction over their respective services. PERTINENT PLANS AND POLICIES9 South San Francisco General Plan Transportation Chapter: The City of South San Francisco General Plan (1999) defines transportation and land use policies for the City. The General Plan seeks to expand transportation capacity in the East of 101 area and improve multimodal connectivity across the U.S.101 freeway and Caltrain corridor. The General Plan strives to manage traffic congestion and encourage riding transit, walking and biking. South San Francisco Bicycle Master Plan: The City of South San Francisco Bicycle Master Plan (2011) identifies and prioritizes street improvements to enhance bicycle access. The plan analyzes 8 Genentech Master Plan Draft Transportation Impact Analysis, Fehr & Peers, January 2017. 9 Ibid. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-21 bicycle demand and gaps in bicycle facilities and recommends improvements and programs for implementation. South San Francisco Pedestrian Master Plan: The City of South San Francisco Pedestrian Master Plan (2012) identifies and prioritizes street improvements to enhance pedestrian access. The plan analyzes pedestrian demand and gaps in pedestrian facilities, and recommends improvements and programs for implementation. South San Francisco Downtown Station Area Specific Plan: The City of South San Francisco Downtown Station Area Specific Plan (2015) defines transportation and land use policies for the downtown area. The plan identifies transportation improvements for all modes to support transit- oriented development around a new location for the South of San Francisco Caltrain station near the Grand Avenue/Airport Boulevard intersection. South San Francisco Transportation Demand Management Ordinance: The City of South San Francisco TDM Ordinance (Ord. 1432 Section 2, 2010) seeks to reduce the amount of traffic generated by nonresidential development and minimize drive-alone commute trips. The ordinance establishes a performance standard of 28 percent minimum alternative mode share for all nonresidential projects resulting in more than 100 average daily trips, and identifies a higher threshold for projects requesting a floor area ratio (FAR) bonus. The ordinance identifies a number of required and optional trip reduction measures for inclusion in a TDM Plan. The ordinance requires an annual survey program to ensure that desired transportation mode shares are achieved. East of 101 Study and Transportation Improvement Fee Program: The City of South San Francisco East of 101 Study was prepared and adopted by the City in 2011 to establish a source of funding for future transportation system capital improvements in the City. The East of 101 Study and its associated transportation improvement fee program includes funding for a variety of transportation improvement projects located in the East of 101 area. Near the proposed project, the plan calls for a range of improvements at study intersections, such as the installation of traffic signals at the East Grand Avenue/Allerton Avenue and East Grand Avenue/DNA Way intersections, or lane modifications to the East Grand Avenue/Harbor Way/Forbes Boulevard intersection. Transportation improvement fees may also fund enhancements to bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, consistent with the Bicycle Master Plan and Pedestrian Master Plan. C/CAG Guidelines: C/CAG has adopted guidelines as part of its CMA, which are intended to reduce the regional traffic impacts of substantive new developments. The guidelines apply to all projects in San Mateo County that will generate 100 or more net new peak hour trips on the CMP network and are subject to CEQA review. C/CAG calls for projects that meet the criteria to determine if a combination of acceptable measures is possible that has the capacity to “fully reduce” through time the use of a trip credit system, the demand for net new trips that the project is anticipated to generate on the CMP roadway network (including the first 100 trips). C/CAG has published a list of mitigation options in a memorandum that also outlines a process for obtaining C/CAG approval. San Francisco Bay Trail Plan: The San Francisco Bay Trail Plan (Association of Bay Area Governments, 1989) and Enhanced San Francisco Bay Area Water Trail Plan (California Coastal Conservancy, 2011) provide guidance to the development of a shared use bicycle and pedestrian path that will in the future allow continuous travel around the San Francisco Bay. YEAR 2040 WITHOUT OPSP OPERATING CONDITIONS Year 2040 Without OPSP conditions include traffic generated by full development of the Genentech Master Plan, the Gateway Master Plan, the Britannia Cove at Oyster Point development as well as other DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-22 2017 OPSP UPDATE increases in manufacturing, commercial, office and R&D uses. Existing land uses have been assumed on the OPSP site for the 2040 Without OPSP evaluation based upon City direction. The list of all development expected in the East of 101 area by 2040 is presented in Table 16.9. Totals include the OPSP development. In addition to these specific developments, traffic on Airport Boulevard to/from Brisbane to the north as well as on Sister Cities Boulevard and other surface streets to the west of the U.S. 101 freeway were projected to grow from 2016 to 2040 at rates projected in the C/CAG regional model (after allowance for traffic to/from new development east of the 101 freeway). Table 16.9: Development Expected in East of 101 Area by 2040 (including OPSP and existing) Land Use Unit Year 2040 Land Uses Tracked by Square Footage Commercial Assembly SF 39,460 Commercial SF 975,513 Hotel SF 2,099,513 Industrial SF 7,620,852 Industrial/Genentech SF 74,249 Mix/Genentech SF 9,998,777 Office/R&D SF 12,173,092 Residential SF 2,140,000 Parking Spaces SF 447,048 Grand Total SF 35,396,766 Land Uses Tracked by Other Metrics Residential Units Unit 2,088 Hotel Rooms Rooms 3,829 Parking Spaces 1,729 Schools Students 0 Source: W&S Solutions Year 2040 intersection AM and PM peak hour as well as U.S.101 freeway segment traffic volumes were developed by the City’s Update of the East of 101 and Downtown Specific Plan traffic model. Year 2040 Without OPSP AM and PM peak hour intersection volumes are presented in Figures 8 and 9 in Appendix J, while U.S.101 mainline AM and PM peak hour freeway volumes are presented in Figure 10 in Appendix J. Roadway Improvements Planned by 2040 At City Public Works Department direction, all roadway improvements currently listed in the City’s July 2007 Traffic Impact Fee Study Update for the East of 101 Area were assumed to be built and in operation for year 2040 Without and With OPSP evaluation. Figure 11 in Appendix J provides a schematic presentation of year 2040 intersection approach lanes and control. Please note that Figure 11 in Appendix J does not include roadway improvements associated with the OPSP. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-23 Intersection Level of Service 16 of 24 intersections with year 2040 Without OPSP volumes would be operating at acceptable levels of service with the following operating at non-acceptable levels of service (Table 16.10).  Oyster Point Boulevard / Gull Road (Signal) AM Peak Hour: LOS F  Forbes Boulevard / Allerton Avenue (All Way Stop) PM Peak Hour: LOS E  Forbes Boulevard / Gull Road (Signal) AM Peak Hour: LOS F  Airport Blvd. / Grand Avenue (Signal) AM Peak Hour: LOS E PM Peak Hour: LOS E  E. Grand Avenue / Littlefield Avenue (Signal) AM Peak Hour: LOS F  E. Grand Avenue / Allerton Avenue (Signal) PM Peak Hour: LOS F  S. Airport Boulevard / Wondercolor Lane / U.S.101 Northbound Hook Ramps (Signal) AM Peak Hour: LOS E  S. Airport Boulevard / Utah Avenue (Signal) AM Peak Hour: LOS F Vehicle Queuing The following off-ramps and/or approaches to adjacent intersections would have 95th percentile year 2040 Without OPSP queuing exceeding available storage as determined using the Synchro software program (Table 16.11).  Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp AM Peak Hour: The Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach left turn and through/right movement as well as the northbound Dubuque Avenue right turn movement would have 95th percentile queue demands greater than available storage. PM Peak Hour: The Dubuque Avenue northbound approach left turn movement, the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound left turn movement as well as the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound through and right turn movements would have 95th percentile queue demands greater than available storage.  Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S. Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp AM Peak Hour: The U.S.101 southbound off-ramp right turn and the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound through movements would have 95th percentile queue demands greater than available storage. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-24 2017 OPSP UPDATE  Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard PM Peak Hour: The Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach through and through/right turn lanes would have 95th percentile queue demands greater than available storage.  Airport Boulevard / Grand Avenue AM Peak Hour: The Airport Boulevard southbound left and left/through lanes would have 95th percentile queue demands greater than available storage.  E. Grand Avenue / Gateway Boulevard AM Peak Hour: The E. Grand eastbound through and left turn lanes would have 95th percentile queue demands greater than available storage. PM Peak Hour: The E. Grand eastbound left turn lane would have a 95th percentile queue demand greater than available storage.  S. Airport Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue AM Peak Hour: The S. Airport Boulevard eastbound left turn movement would have a 95th percentile queue demand greater than available storage.  U.S.101 Northbound Ramps / S. Airport Boulevard / Wondercolor Lane AM Peak Hour: The northbound Off-Ramp approach would have a 95th percentile queue demand greater than available storage. U.S.101 Freeway Mainline Level of Service The following mainline freeway segment with year 2040 Without OPSP volumes would be operating at unacceptable Levels of Service (Table 16.12).  U.S.101 (North of the Oyster Point Boulevard interchange) AM Peak Hour: Northbound LOS F operation Southbound LOS F operation PM Peak Hour: Northbound LOS F operation Off-Ramp Operation at Diverge from Freeway Mainline The following off-ramps would have year 2040 Without OPSP volumes exceeding 1,500 vehicles/hour on a one-lane off-ramp and 2,300 vehicles/hour on a two-lane off-ramp connection to the freeway mainline (see Table 16.7).  U.S.101 Northbound Off-Ramp to S. Airport Boulevard / Wondercolor Lane AM Peak Hour: 2,406 vehicles per hour using off-ramp with a diverge capacity of 2,300 vehicles/hour. On-Ramp Operation The following on-ramps would have 2040 Without OPSP volumes exceeding 2,000 to 2,200 vehicles/hour on a single lane on-ramp or 3,300 vehicles/hour on a two-lane on-ramp (Table 16.8).  Northbound On-Ramp from Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue PM Peak Hour: 2,497 vehicles using on-ramp with a capacity of 2,200 vehicles per hour. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-25 Table 16.10 – Intersection Level of Service – Year 2040 With and Without OPSP Traffic AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Intersection (1) Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP Airport Blvd./U.S.101 SB Hook Ramps (Signal) C-29.6 C-29.7 C-29.8 C-35.7 D-40.5 D-35.8 Airport Blvd./Tower Pl (Signal) B-15.7 B-15.9 B-15.9 C-23.4 C-24.9 C-24.4 Airport Blvd./Sister Cities Blvd./Oyster Point Blvd. (Signal) D-49.3 D-50.1 D-49.6 D-47.46 D-48.1 D-46.8 Oyster Point/Dubuque Ave./ U.S.101 NB On- Ramp (Signal) D-53.8 E-69.1* [7.6%] E-64.7* [4.6%] D-38.6 D-39.8 D-40.4 Dubuque Ave./U.S.101 NB Off-Ramp and SB On-Ramp (Signal) B-10.5 B-11.1 B-11.1 B-11.3 B-12.0 B-11.6 Oyster Point Blvd./Gateway/ U.S.101 SB Off- Ramp Flyover (Signal) D-54.1 E-72.4* [10.0%] F-82.1* [9.6%] D-37.8 D-48.8 D-39.7 Oyster Point/Veterans Blvd (Signal) C-30.7 D-39.6 D-54.6 B-14.6 B-14.6 B-13.8 Oyster Point Blvd./Eccles Ave. (Signal) B-19.8 C-33.6 D-53.4 B-13.5 B-15.0 B-13.7 Oyster Point/345-347 Oyster Point (Signal) A-4.4 A-7.3 A-7.3 B-16.0 B-19.8 C-20.1 Oyster Point Blvd./Gull Rd. (Signal) F-98.5 F-82.9 (2) [23.7%] E-76.4 (2) [20.4%] D-50.7 D-53.6 E-55.7* [11.7%] Forbes Blvd./Eccles Ave. (Signal) B-18.2 B-19.0 B-19.6 B-16.7 B-18.1 B-18.2 Forbes Blvd./Allerton Ave. (All Way Stop Control) D-33.7 E-40.8* [4.2%] E-47.4* [8.3%] E-38.7 E-43.0* [2.7%] E-43.2* [3.8%] Forbes Blvd./Gull Rd. (Signal) F-117.3 F-121.7* [3.1%] F-116.8 [0%] D-45.1 D-53.0 D-41.2 Airport Blvd./Grand Ave. (Signal) E-74.1 E-76.3 [0.9%] E-79.7* [2.3%] E-70.0 E-76.5 [-0.3%] E-68.6 [-0.4%] E. Grand Overcrossing/Dubuque Ave. (Signal) A-5.9 A-9.1 A-6.5 C-21.9 C-21.9 C-22.6 E. Grand Ave./Grand Ave. Overcrossing (Signal) A-5.6 A-5.6 A-5.5 A-8.5 A-8.5 A-8.0 E. Grand Ave./Gateway Blvd. (Signal) D-47.1 D-48.4 D-51.6 C-31.4 C-31.7 C-30.6 E. Grand Ave./Forbes Blvd./Harbor Way (Signal) D-42.2 D-42.2 D-46.3 D-43.9 D-44.6 E-61.0* [9.5%] E. Grand Ave./Littlefield Ave. (Signal) F-131.5 F-137.0 [0.5%] F-128.8 [0.3%] B-18.7 B-18.7 B-19.1 E. Grand Ave./Allerton Ave. (Signal) B-10.7 B-11.4 B-12.5 F-143.4 F-148.5 [1.0%] F-122.1* [2.02%] Airport Blvd./San Mateo Ave./Produce Ave. (Signal) D-40.8 D-40.8 D-40.8 D-43.4 D-44.9 D-43.1 Gateway Blvd./S. Airport Blvd./Mitchell Ave. (Signal) D-44.2 D-45.1 D-46.0 D-44.9 D-47.1 D-45.8 S. Airport Blvd./U.S.101 NB Hook Ramps/Wondercolor (Signal) E-74.0 E-74.4 [0.7%] E-70.0 [0.7%] D-52.5 D-52.6 E-56.4* [2.4%] S. Airport Blvd./Utah Ave. (Signal) F-121.5 F-121.8 [0.1%] F-129.5* [2.1%] D-37.9 D-37.9 D-39.2 (1) Signalized level of service – control delay in seconds, All way stop – control delay in seconds. (2) Improved LOS due to additional eastbound through lane on Oyster Point approach that is part of project improvements. [xx%] – increase in traffic due to OPSP. Bolded results = unacceptable operation * = significant impact Year 2000/2010 Highway Capacity Manual Analysis Methodology Source: Crane Transportation Group DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-26 2017 OPSP UPDATE Table 16.11 – 95th Percentile Queues* - Year 2040 Intersections at or Near U.S.101 Interchanges With and Without OPSP Traffic 95th Percentile Queue* in Feet Storage AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Intersection Distance in Feet Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP Airport Blvd./U.S. 101 SB On/Off Hook Ramps Off-Ramp Left and Left/Right Turn 1225 396 396 392 586 586 580 NB Thru and Thru/Right Turn 900 292 294 292 548 586 514 Airport Blvd./Sister Cities Blvd./Oyster Point Blvd. WB Left Turn 370 156 166 152 238 248 234 WB Thru and Thru/Right Turn 520 462 500 462 1930 2024* [2.5%] 1780 [0.4%] Oyster Point Blvd./Dubuque Ave./U.S. 101 NB On-Ramp EB Left Turn 310 658 660 [0.0%] 660 [0.0%] 498 508 [0.0%] 514 [0.0%] EB Thru/Right 725 1094 1599* [1.8%] 2041* [2.6%] 685 756* [8.7%] 699 WB Thru 825 152 158 152 1866 1858 [3.9%] 1708 [0.8%] WB Left Turn 1375 356 620 488 1340 1460* [12.7%] 1482* [10.8%] WB Right Turn 1340 184 184 184 1418 1400 1338 NB Left Turn 520 292 292 294 678 678 [0.0%] 676 [0.0%] NB Thru 260 75 76 75 172 172 176 NB Right Turn 460 1228 1572* [16.2%] 1546* [14.9%] 88 118 92 Dubuque Ave./U.S. 101 SB On and NB Off-Ramps Off-Ramp/Left/Thru 1295 486 601 593 300 331 304 SB Right Turn 600 25 38 25 25 38 34 Oyster Point Blvd./Gateway Blvd./U.S. 101 SB Off-Ramp SB Off-Ramp Thru 5940 1346 1492 1746 212 274 214 SB Off-Ramp Right Turn Lane 375 522 530 [0.0%] 530 [0.0%] 115 115 115 EB Thru 2800 3160 3608* [10.4%] 3624* [10.2%] 308 432 324 Airport Blvd./Grand Ave. SB Airport Blvd. Left Turn/Thru 1200 1828 1852 [0.8%] 1990* [5.0%] 768 786 726 SB Airport Blvd. Right Turn 90 45 45 45 54 55 53 E. Grand Ave./Grand Ave. Overcrossing NB Approach 3790 270 270 270 473 475 473 E. Grand Ave./Gateway Blvd. EB Left Turn 150 293 293 [0.6%] 315* [7.6%] 278 280* [1.4%] 260 [0%] EB Through 870 1950 2048 [0.3%] 2393* [2.0%] 465 495 510 S. Airport Blvd./Produce Ave./San Mateo Ave. WB Combined Left/Thru 1930 886 916 868 1465 1488 1465 WB Right Turn 90 25 25 25 25 25 25 continued on next page CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-27 Table 16.11 – 95th Percentile Queues* - Year 2040 Intersections at or Near U.S.101 Interchanges With and Without OPSP Traffic 95th Percentile Queue* in Feet Storage AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Intersection Distance in Feet Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP S. Airport Blvd./Gateway Blvd./Mitchell Ave. EB Left Turn 170 195 245* [12.5%] 250* [13.4%] 60 75 55 EB Combined Thru/Right 1400 1218 1233 1230 605 625 615 U.S. 101 NB Off-Ramp/S. Airport Blvd./Wondercolor Lane All Off-Ramp Lanes 2150 2812 2813 [0.8%] 2840* [2.7%] 635 621 638 Synchro software used for all analysis 2010 where possible, otherwise 2000. [xx%] – turn or through movement increase due to project or 2011 Specific Plan. Bolded results = 95 percentile queue length greater than available storage * = significant impact Source: Crane Transportation Group Table 16.12 Freeway Mainline Levels of Service Year 2040 Without and With OPSP Without OPSP With 2017 OPSP Update With 2011 OPSP Segment Volume LOS Density Volume LOS Density Volume LOS Density AM Peak Hour North of Oyster Point Boulevard Northbound 9492 F 50.6 9455 F [-0.4%] 50.1 9416 F [-0.8%] 49.6 Southbound 9528 F 51.1 9609 F [0.9%] 52.2 9655 F* [1.3%] 52.9 North of I-380 Northbound 13317 E 43.3 13416 E 44.4 13465 E 44.4 Southbound 8981 C 22.7 9078 C 22.7 9307 C 23.7 PM Peak Hour North of Oyster Point Boulevard Northbound 11634 F 110 11787 F* [1.3%] 119.6 11786 F* [1.3%] 119.6 Southbound 8720 E 41.8 8748 E 42.0 8735 E 41.9 North of I-380 Northbound 10268 D 28.3 10305 D 28.4 10272 D 28.4 Southbound 11028 D 29.8 11160 D 30.4 11275 D 30.8 Bolded results = unacceptable operation * = significant impact [xx%] = percent traffic added by project LOS = Level of service Density is shown in passenger cars per lane per mile. Year 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Analysis Methodology Source: Crane Transportation Group DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-28 2017 OPSP UPDATE IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA Standards of Significance have been measured based on CEQA, City of South San Francisco and C/CAG Guideline thresholds. Therefore, project impacts would be significant if they result in any of the following conditions: a. The project would exceed 100 net new peak hour trips on the local roadway system (C/CAG criteria only). b. Signalized intersection operation and all-way-stop operation would change from Level of Service (LOS) A, B, C or D to LOS E or F and total volumes passing through the intersection would be increased by at least two percent. c. Uncontrolled turn movements or stop sign controlled approaches at side street stop sign controlled intersections would change from LOS A, B, C, D or E to LOS F and total volumes passing through the intersection would be increased by at least two percent. Side street criteria are applicable only for stop sign controlled approaches with more than 25 trips during any peak traffic hour. d. Project traffic would increase Base Case volumes at an unsignalized intersection to meet peak hour volume signal warrant criteria levels, or to meet pedestrian/school crossing signal warrant criteria levels. e. The proposed project would increase total volumes passing through an intersection by two percent or more with signalized or all-way stop operation already at a Base Case LOS E or F, or when the intersection is side street stop sign controlled and the stop sign controlled Base Case operation is at LOS F (and there are more than 25 vehicles on the stop sign controlled approach). f. The proposed project would increase traffic entering an unsignalized intersection by two percent or more with Base Case traffic levels already exceeding peak hour volume signal warrant criteria levels. g. Project traffic would increase acceptable Base Case 95th percentile vehicle queuing on all freeway off-ramps and also on the approaches to adjacent intersections leading away from off-ramp intersections to unacceptable levels (as determined by the Synchro software program), or if Base Case 95th percentile queuing on the freeway off-ramps or on the approaches to adjacent intersections leading away from off-ramp intersections is already projected at unacceptable lengths, the project would increase queuing volumes by one percent or more. h. Project traffic would degrade operation of the U.S. 101 freeway or freeway ramps from LOS E to LOS F with at least a one percent increase in volume, or would increase volumes by more than one percent or on a freeway segment or a freeway ramp with Base Case LOS F operation. i. If on-site circulation would be confusing to drivers and result in excessive traffic flow through various parts of the project site. j. Project parking would not meet City criteria. k. Project development or project traffic would produce a detrimental impact to local transit or shuttle service. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-29 l. If, in the opinion of the registered traffic engineer conducting the EIR analysis, a significant traffic, pedestrian or bicycle safety concern would be created or worsened. INCREASED VEHICLE TRIPS Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following mitigation measure or significance conclusion. Trip generation under the 2017 OPSP Update would be substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. However, because the specific amount of peak hour traffic has been revised due to updated modeling, the impact statement has been revised. Revised Impact Traf-1: Trip Generation Exceeds 100 Trips During Peak Hours. The OPSP would generate more than 100 net new two-way trips during the AM and PM peak hours (1,402 580 trips during the AM peak hour and 1,621 595 trips during the PM peak hour; see Table 16.19). The San Mateo City/County Association of Governments (C/CAG) Agency Guidelines for the implementation of the 2003 Draft Congestion Management Program (“C/CAG Guidelines”) specifies that local jurisdictions must ensure that the developer and/or tenants will mitigate all new peak hour trips (including the first 100 trips) projected to be generated by the development. This would be a significant impact. Mitigation Measure Traf-1: Transportation Demand Management Program. The OPSP sponsors shall implement a Transportation Demand Management (TDM) program consistent with the City of South San Francisco Zoning Ordinance Chapter 20.400 Transportation Demand Management, and acceptable to C/CAG. These programs, once implemented, must be ongoing for the occupied life of the development. The C/CAG guidelines specify the number of trips that may be credited for each TDM measure. Impact reduced to a less-than-significant level. See Table 16.1 for OPSP trip generation. While CEQA specifies that existing uses at a site are the baseline against which to compare changes due to a project, Table 16.1 also presents a comparison of the OPSP trip generation including the 2017 OPSP Update versus the previous 2011 OPSP without the current update. As shown in Table 16.1, the 2017 OPSP Update has substantially the same trip generation, with the same total trips in the AM peak hour and a minimal increase of 25 total trips in the PM peak hour over the 2011 OPSP trip generation. Overall trip generation would be substantially the same between the 2011 OPSP and the 2017 OPSP Update. It can also be noted that while conformance with the required 25% trip reduction would be assured by the above measure, the applicants are currently proposing a TDM Plan with a greater 40% trip reduction, which would further reduce traffic impacts. PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusion, as the OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update, would generate pedestrian traffic. However, the wording of the impact and mitigation have been revised to remove reference to previous plans. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-30 2017 OPSP UPDATE Revised Impact Traf-2: Pedestrian Walkways. Sidewalks will be provided along both sides of Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard internal to the OPSP site. Sidewalks will also be provided along both sides of all other internal roadways connecting to Marina Boulevard. The Phase I TDM Conceptual Site Plan (June 1, 2010) shows pedestrian connections between OPSP buildings and the sidewalks lining Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard. No such detail has been provided by the applicant for the other phases of development. Pedestrian Facilities. The OPSP would result in additional local area pedestrian traffic internal and adjacent to the OPSP site, particularly along the Bay Trail, to/from OPSP restaurants and between OPSP residences and nearby employment. Sidewalks will be provided along both sides of Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard internal to the OPSP site. Sidewalks will also be provided along both sides of all other internal roadways connecting to Marina Boulevard. This would be a significant impact. Mitigation Measure Revised Traf-2: Pedestrian Facilities. To discourage mid-block crossing, pedestrian flow across Oyster Point Boulevard between the Phase III & IV garage and the Phase III & IV offices shall be regulated to the following extent. Pedestrian access shall only be allowed at the north and south ends of the garage, adjacent to signalized or all-way stop intersections. As part of Precise Plan review and approvals, the City will ensure that development in the OPSP provides a network of sidewalks connecting Oyster Point Boulevard, Marina Boulevard and all other internal streets to all office R&D, residential, and commercial buildings. Impacts reduced to a less-than-significant level. Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change Impact and mitigation measure Traf-2b, or the less-than-significant with mitigation conclusion, as the potential to disrupt the Bay Trail during construction remains substantially unchanged since the 2011 EIR. BICYCLE FACILITIES Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS): While the residential proposed with the 2017 OPSP Update may result in marginally more bicycle use in the area, the 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusion as the requirement for roadway bicycle improvements and on-site facilities remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. The impact statement has been revised to remove reference to previous plans. Revised Impact Traf-3: Bicycle Lane. The OPSP would result in additional local area bicycle traffic, including residents’ and employees’ use of the Bay Trail and trips to/from employment. Class II bicycle lanes will be provided along Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard their entire lengths internal to the OPSP site. The Bay Trail bike/pedestrian path will also be completed internal to the OPSP site. The Phase I TDM conceptual site plan shows that bikeInternal bicycle circulation and bicycle CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-31 parking areas will be provided to meet code requirements, which will be reviewed and approved as part of Precise Plan review within the building’s garage. These would be a less-than-significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. SHUTTLE SERVICE FACILITIES More Significant Conclusion (NI conclusion changed to LTS): With the same number of daily trips and similar peak hour trips, the 2017 OPSP Update would be expected to result in a similar amount of usage of the shuttle service, though residents would be expected to use the shuttle in the opposite direction, when the shuttle would otherwise have fewer passengers. However, the 2011 EIR did not specifically consider potential impacts to shuttle service (so would be assumed to have been no impact), and therefore, the following impact statement has been added and the significance conclusion formalized as less than significant. New Impact Traf-4: Shuttle Service. The OPSP will increase demand for shuttle service by employees and residents. However, required TDM Plans will identify usage of and contribution to shuttle services and increased participation in the program could improve cost efficiency of shuttle service. This would be a less-than-significant impact. INTERNAL CIRCULATION Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM conclusion changed to LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would result in significance conclusions that are reduced in severity from those previously identified. The 2017 OPSP Update includes signalization as warranted and no circulation deficiencies have been identified on the current plans. Therefore, the impact statement has been revised and the mitigation has been removed. Revised Impact Traf-5: Internal Circulation. The realigned Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard intersection is proposed to be signalized with the realignment of those streets in the OPSP area, which will occur with Phase I development. The plan for other roadways and garage access looks to be generally acceptable and would be assessed on a design-level as part of standard precise plan approvals required for development projects in the OPSP area, including the 2017 OPSP Update area. This would be a less-than-significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. This less-than-significant impact replaces 2011 EIR impacts and MMs Traf-4 and Traf-5, which assessed a previous version of the plan for development in the area and required the above-identified signalization as well as signalization for garage access that has since been revised. EXISTING (2016) WITH OPSP INTERSECTION OPERATION Less Significant Conclusion (LTS with MM conclusion changed to LTS): Due to changes in the existing circulation system and patterns, two intersections that were previously determined to be operating at unacceptable levels in the 2011 EIR have been modeled for this SEIR to be operating under acceptable conditions both with and without addition of OPSP traffic to the existing condition. Therefore, Impacts and mitigation measures Traf-6 (related to the Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S. 101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp intersection) and Traf-7 (related to the Oyster DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-32 2017 OPSP UPDATE Point Boulevard / Veterans Boulevard intersection)have been deleted and replaced with the less-than- significant revised impact Traf-6. Revised Impact Traf-6: Intersection Level of Service. With the exception of the Gateway Boulevard / S. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue intersection discussed in Impact Traf-6, no intersections would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to existing traffic. These would be a less-than-significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. Table 16.4 presents results of the level of service analysis. This less-than-significant impact replaces 2011 EIR impacts and MMs Traf-6 and Traf-7. Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusion as the intersection would remain impacted by OPSP traffic substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. The specifics of the impact and mitigation measure have been revised consistent with updated modeling. Revised Impact Traf-87: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of Phase I Project OPSP traffic to year 2015 Base Case + Phase I Project Without OPSP existing volumes.  Gateway Boulevard / S. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue PM Peak Hour: The Phase I Project would degrade acceptable LOS D Base Case operation to unacceptable LOS E Base Case + Phase I Project signalized operation. OPSP traffic would increase PM peak hour volumes by 4.2 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS E Without OPSP operation. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.4 presents the results of the Existing With OPSP intersection operation analysis. Mitigation Measure Traf-87: Gateway Boulevard / S. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue. (see Table 16.23 and Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvement would mitigate the Phase I Project-specific OPSP impacts. This improvement is included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program.  S. Airport Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue  Widen the southbound Gateway Boulevard approach to provide a second exclusive right turn lane. The approach would contain one left turn lane, one through lane and 2 exclusive right turn lanes. Adjust signal timing. Resultant 2015 Base Case + Phase I Project Signalized Existing With OPSP Operation: PM Peak Hour: LOS D-38.4 E-63-7 seconds control delay, which is acceptable better operation than without OPSP conditions. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-33 Impact reduced to a less-than-significant level. Figure 18 in Appendix J shows mitigated intersection lane geometry and controls. EXISTING (2016) WITH OPSP VEHICLE QUEUING Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusions as vehicle queuing at the identified locations would remain impacted by OPSP traffic substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. The specifics of the impacts and mitigation measures have been revised consistent with updated modeling. Revised Impact Traf-98: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp/ intersection or approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of Phase I Project OPSP traffic to year 2015 Base Case existing volumes (see Table 16.12).  Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard The Phase I Project OPSP would increase PM peak hour volumes by 3.0 2.6 percent in the through and combined/ through/ right turn lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case unacceptable Existing Without OPSP 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The through lane or and through/right turn lane queue would be extended from 283 600 to 287 818 feet at a location with only 250 520 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.5 presents the results of the Existing With OPSP queuing analysis. Mitigation Measure Revised Traf-98: Improvements for Vehicle Queuing. (see Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate the Phase I Project-specific OPSP impact on existing conditions. These improvements are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s OPSP’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program:  Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard o Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – Oyster Point Boulevard Westbound Approach Thru / Right Turn Lanes PM Peak Hour: Each The westbound through or and through / right turn lanes = 203 would have a resultant 95th percentile queue demand of 584 feet, which would be less than available 250 the Existing Without OPSP queue demand of 600 feet of storage per lane. Impact reduced to a less-than-significant level. Figure 18 in Appendix J shows mitigated intersection lane geometry and controls. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-34 2017 OPSP UPDATE The Oyster Point Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Airport Boulevard intersection is included in the City’s East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The proposed OPSP will pay to fund planned improvements to this intersection that would reduce vehicle queuing and reduce the OPSP’s impact to a level of less-than-significant. Impact Traf-109: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp/approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of Phase I Project OPSP traffic to year 2015 Base Case existing volumes (see Table 16.12).  Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S. 101 Northbound On- Ramp The Phase I Project OPSP would increase AM peak hour volumes by 6.5 19.0 percent in the through right turn lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound Dubuque Avenue northbound approach to Dubuque Avenue Oyster Point Boulevard at a location with Base Case acceptable Existing Without OPSP 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The 95th percentile vehicle right turn lane queue would be extended from 309 an acceptable 448 up to about 327 554 feet at a location with only 250 460 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.5 presents the results of the Existing With OPSP queuing analysis. Mitigation Measure Traf-109: Improvements for Vehicle Queuing. (see Figure 23 in Appendix E) The following improvements would mitigate the Phase I Project-specific OPSP impact on existing conditions. These improvements are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the Phase I Project’s OPSP’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program:  Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S. 101 Northbound On- Ramp o Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – Oyster Point Boulevard Eastbound Approach Through Lane Dubuque Avenue Northbound Right Turn Lanes AM Peak Hour: Eastbound through lane queue = The northbound right turn lanes would have a resultant 95th percentile queue demand of 206460 feet, which is less than would be equal to the 309-foot Base Case queue available 460 feet of storage. Impact reduced to a less-than-significant level. Figure 18 in Appendix J shows mitigated intersection lane geometry and controls. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-35 The Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S. 101 Northbound On-Ramp intersection is included in the City’s East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The proposed OPSP will pay to fund planned improvements to this intersection that would reduce vehicle queuing and reduce the OPSP’s impact to a level of less-than-significant. EXISTING (2016) WITH OPSP FREEWAY MAINLINE OPERATION Same Conclusion, Revised Statement (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusion as contribution of OPSP traffic to the freeway mainline would remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. The specifics of the impact statement has been revised consistent with updated modeling. Impact Traf-1610: Freeway Mainline Operation. No U.S.101 freeway mainline segment would receive a significant impact due to the addition of Phase I Project OPSP traffic to year 2015 Base Case Existing volumes. This would be a less-than-significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. Table 16.6 presents the results of the freeway mainline operation analysis. EXISTING (2016) WITH OPSP U.S.101 OFF-RAMP OPERATION Less Significant Conclusion (SU conclusion changed to LTS): Due to increased capacity having been added since the 2011 EIR, two off-ramps that were previously determined to be operating above capacity in the 2011 EIR have been modeled for this SEIR to be operating within available capacity both with and without addition of OPSP traffic to the existing condition. Therefore, Impacts and mitigation measures Traf-13 (related to the U.S. 101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp to Oyster Point Boulevard) and Traf-14 (related to the U.S. 101 Northbound Off-Ramp to Dubuque Avenue) have been deleted and replaced with the less-than-significant revised impact Traf-11. Revised Impact Traf-11: Off-Ramp Operation. No off-ramp would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to Existing volumes. This would be a less-than-significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. Table 16.7 presents the results of the off-ramp operation analysis. This less-than-significant impact replaces 2011 EIR impacts and MMs Traf-11, Traf-12, Traf-13 and Traf-14. EXISTING (2016) WITH OPSP U.S.101 ON-RAMP OPERATION Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusion as the impact of OPSP traffic on on-ramps would remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. The specifics of the impact statement has been revised consistent with updated modeling. Revised Impact Traf-1512: On-Ramp Operation. Phase I Project OPSP traffic would not produce a significant impact at any on-ramp (see Table 16.7). This would be a less-than-significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. Table 16.8 presents the results of the on-ramp operation analysis. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-36 2017 OPSP UPDATE YEAR 2040 WITH OPSP INTERSECTION OPERATION Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains SU): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusion as the impact of OPSP traffic on the Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Off-Ramp intersection would remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. The specifics of the impact and mitigation measure has been revised consistent with updated modeling and mitigation that is currently potentially feasible. While conclusions remain the same, the 2017 OPSP Update would have marginally less severe impacts (lower delay) at this intersection. Revised Impact Traf-1813: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.16).  Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Off- Ramp AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 22.7 10.0 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS E 2040 Without OPSP F Base Case operation. PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 22.5 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Base Case operation. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.10 presents the results of the year 2040 intersection operation analysis. The 2011 OPSP would also produce a significant impact at this location for this time period and would result in longer delays than with the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Revised Traf-1813: Intersection Level of Service (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). The following improvements would partially mitigate OPSP-specific impacts, but would not reduce them to a level of insignificance provide acceptable operation. Some of these measures are not included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP.  Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Off- Ramp The following improvement is included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP):  Adjust signal timing. The following improvements are not included in the East of 101 TIP. A portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, and the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the following mitigation will be implemented: CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-37  Provide an additional through lane on the Oyster Point westbound approach (extending from Veterans Boulevard) and continue to the Dubuque/U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp intersection. Add a second right turn lane to the Gateway Boulevard northbound approach.  Restripe the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach from a left, 2 throughs and a combined through/right turn lane to a left, 2 throughs and an exclusive right turn lane.  Restripe the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp approach from 2 through lanes and an exclusive right turn lane to two through lanes and a combined through/right turn lane. In conjunction with this measure, add a third eastbound departure lane on Oyster Point Boulevard (not part of TIP). Provide northbound right turn overlap signal phasing in conjunction with westbound left turn movements.  Add a second exclusive right turn lane on the southbound Genentech property driveway approach (not part of TIP). Widen the southbound off- ramp intersection approach to provide an additional lane. Stripe the approach to provide two through lanes, a shared through/right turn lane and an exclusive right turn lane. This measure would potentially require widening of part of the off-ramp structure. It would also require provision of a third eastbound departure lane for off-ramp traffic, which would require additional right-of-way on the southeast corner of the intersection. Resultant Base Case + OPSP 2040 With OPSP operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS F-194 D-45.8 seconds control delay, which would not be better than Base Case operation (LOS F-124 seconds delay). PM Peak Hour: LOS F-118 seconds control delay, which would not be better than Base Case operation (LOS F-108 seconds delay). As indicated above, because a portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented. While it is possible that Caltrans will approve implementation of the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this iImpact would remain significant and unavoidable. Other than signal timing adjustments, none of the other measures are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. Because a portion of these improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as the lead agency, cannot guarantee implementation. Figure 19 in Appendix J shows mitigated intersection lane geometry and controls. No other potentially feasible improvements have been identified that could mitigate this impact. More Significant Conclusion (LTS conclusion changed to SU): The 2011 EIR did not identify a significant impact at this intersection. Due to changes in the project due to the 2017 OPSP Update, the following impact and mitigation measure have been added and the significance conclusion revised. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-38 2017 OPSP UPDATE New Impact Traf-14: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2040 Without OPSP volumes.  Forbes Boulevard / Gull Road AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 3.1 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS F Without OPSP operation. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.10 presents the results of the year 2040 intersection operation analysis. The 2011 OPSP would not result in a significant impact at this location. Mitigation Measure New Traf-14: Intersection Level of Service. The following measures are not included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP).  Forbes Boulevard / Gull Road The following improvement is not included in the East of 101 TIP. Given the location of the additional eastbound lane and its close proximity to surrounding development, including a City Pump Station, and due to constraints of adjacent bike lanes and landscaping, the following improvement is not feasible:  The addition of a second eastbound lane on the Forbes Boulevard approach and a second eastbound departure lane would improve operation to an acceptable level. Resultant 2040 With OPSP operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS D-54.2 seconds delay While the above improvement would reduce the impact to less-than-significant, such mitigation is not feasible due to site constraints listed above. This impact would remain significant and unavoidable. The above measures are not included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and are infeasible due to the constraints of adjacent development, bike lanes, and landscaping. Figure 19 in Appendix J shows mitigated intersection lane geometry and controls. No other potentially feasible improvements have been identified that could mitigate this impact. More Significant Conclusion (LTS conclusion changed to LTS with MM): The 2011 EIR did not identify a significant impact at this intersection. Due to the updated modeling, which forecasts changes in the projected background 2040 traffic levels at this intersection, this intersection would experience an impact under either the 2011 OPSP or with the 2017 OPSP Update, though delay would be marginally lower under the 2017 OPSP Update. The following impact and mitigation measure have been added and the significance conclusion revised. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-39 New Impact Traf-15: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2040 Without OPSP volumes.  Forbes Boulevard / Allerton Avenue AM Peak Hour: OPSP traffic would degrade operation from an acceptable LOS D to an unacceptable LOS E. PM Peak Hour: OPSP traffic would increase volumes by 2.7 percent at a location with unacceptable LOS E Without OPSP operation. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.10 presents the results of the year 2040 intersection operation analysis. The 2011 OPSP would also produce significant impacts at this location for both peak periods. Mitigation Measure New Traf-15: Intersection Level of Service. The following improvement would mitigate project-specific impacts. This measure is currently included as part of the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the OPSP traffic impact fee contribution to this program.  Forbes Boulevard / Allerton Avenue  Signalize the intersection.  Add a third lane to the Forbes Boulevard eastbound approach. Stripe the approach with single left, through and right turn lanes. Resultant 2040 With OPSP Operation: AM Peak Hour: LOS C-24.9 seconds control delay. PM Peak Hour: LOS C-22.8 seconds control delay. Impact reduced to a less-than-significant level. Figure 19 in Appendix J shows mitigated intersection lane geometry and controls. Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains SU): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusion. However, due to the updated modeling, which forecasts changes in the projected background 2040 traffic levels at this intersection, the impact has been shifted from the PM Peak Hour to the AM Peak Hour, and this intersection would experience an impact under either the 2011 OPSP or with the 2017 OPSP Update, though delay would be marginally higher under the 2017 OPSP Update. The following impact and mitigation measure have been revised to reflect the updated modeling. Revised Impact Traf-1716: Intersection Level of Service. The following intersection would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.16). DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-40 2017 OPSP UPDATE  Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On- Ramp AM Peak Hour: OPSP traffic would degrade acceptable Without OPSP LOS D operation to an unacceptable LOS E (and increase volumes by 7.6%). PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would degrade acceptable (LOS D) Base Case operation to unacceptable (LOS E) operation. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.10 presents the results of the year 2040 intersection operation analysis. The 2011 OPSP would also produce a significant impact at this location for this peak period, though the 2017 OPSP Update would result in a marginally greater delay. Mitigation Measure Revised Traf-1716: Intersection Level of Service. The following measure would provide acceptable operation, but is not included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP).  Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On- Ramp The following improvement is not included in the East of 101 TIP. A portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, and the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the following mitigation will be implemented:  Widen the south side of the Oyster Point Boulevard overpass to provide one additional eastbound through lane. Resultant 2040 With OPSP operation AM Peak Hour: LOS D-40.5 seconds delay As indicated above, because a portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, and the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented. While it is possible that Caltrans will approve the implementation of the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this iImpact would remain significant and unavoidable. This measure is not included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. Because a portion of this improvement is within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as the lead agency, cannot guarantee implementation.. Figure 19 in Appendix J shows mitigated intersection lane geometry and controls. No other potentially feasible improvements have been identified that could mitigate this impact. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-41 No CEQA Conclusions: Because the traffic model and 2040 background conditions were updated, this analysis includes modeling of the 2011 OPSP under the current 2040 model, which allows for a direct comparison between the potential impact of the 2011 OPSP and the changes proposed with the 2017 OPSP Update. Such an analysis is not the basis for CEQA impacts, but is provided for comparison only. In addition to the revisions to impacts discussed above, the following intersections would experience significant level of service impacts with the 2011 OPSP, but not the 2017 OPSP Update as follows:  Oyster Point Boulevard / Gull Road – PM peak hour  Airport Boulevard / Grand Avenue – AM peak hour  E. Grand Avenue / Forbes Boulevard / Harbor Way – PM peak hour  S. Airport Boulevard / U.S. 101 Northbound Hook Ramps / Wondercolor Lane – PM peak hour  S. Airport Boulevard / Utah Avenue – AM peak hour  E. Grand Avenue / Allerton Avenue – PM peak hour YEAR 2040 WITH OPSP VEHICLE QUEUING Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains SU): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusion as the impact of OPSP traffic on the Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / U.S.101 Southbound Off-Ramp queuing would remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. The specifics of the impact and mitigation measure have been revised consistent with updated modeling and measures that are currently identified as potentially feasible. While conclusions remain the same, the 2017 OPSP Update would have marginally less severe impacts (shorter queue) at this intersection. Revised Impact Traf-2617: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp or approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.17).  Oyster Point Blvd. / Gateway Blvd. / U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off- Ramp AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 54.610.4 percent in the through lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach to Gateway Boulevard and increase the 95th percentile queue above available storage. The 95th percentile vehicle queues would be extended from 756 3,160 up to about 1,200 3,608 feet with only 900 2,800 feet of storage (total all lanes). This would be a significant impact. Table 16.11 presents the results of the year 2040 queuing analysis. The 2011 OPSP would also produce a significant impact for this movement for this peak period. Mitigation Measure Revised Traf-2617: Vehicle Queuing (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). The following improvements would partially mitigate OPSP-specific impacts provide acceptable operation, but not reduce them to a level of insignificance. These measures are not all included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). The DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-42 2017 OPSP UPDATE OPSP shall also provide fair share contribution towards all measures currently not part of the TIP.  Oyster Point Blvd. / Gateway Blvd. / U.S.101 Southbound Flyover Off- Ramp The following improvement is included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP):  Adjust signal timing. The following improvements are not included in the East of 101 TIP. A portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, and the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the following mitigation will be implemented:  Provide an additional through lane on the Oyster Point westbound approach (extending from Veterans Boulevard) and continue to the Dubuque/U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp intersection. Add a second right turn lane to the Gateway Boulevard northbound approach.  Restripe the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach from a left, 2 throughs and a combined through/right turn lane to a left, 2 throughs and an exclusive right turn lane.  Restripe the Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp approach from 2 through lanes and an exclusive right turn lane to two through lanes and a combined through/right turn lane. In conjunction with this measure, add a third eastbound departure lane on Oyster Point Boulevard (not part of TIP).Provide northbound right turn overlap signal phasing in conjunction with westbound left turn movements.  Add a second exclusive right turn lane on the southbound Genentech property driveway approach (not part of TIP). Widen the southbound off- ramp intersection approach to provide an additional lane. Stripe the approach to provide two through lanes, a shared through/right turn lane and an exclusive right turn lane. This measure would potentially require widening of part of the off-ramp structure. It would also need provision of three eastbound departure lanes for off-ramp traffic, which would require additional right-of-way on the southeast corner of the intersection. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle 2040 With OPSP Queuing AM Peak Hour: The Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound through approach lanes 95th percentile queue would be reduced to 1,102 2,604 feet, which would not be within less than the Base Case queue of 756 feet available storage of 2,800 feet. As indicated above, because a portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented. While it is possible that Caltrans will approve the implementation of the measure, thereby CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-43 reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this iImpact would remain significant and unavoidable. Other than signal timing adjustments, none of the other measures are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. Because a portion of these improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as the lead agency, cannot guarantee implementation. Figure 19 in Appendix J shows mitigated intersection lane geometry and controls. No other potentially feasible improvements have been identified that could mitigate this impact. Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains SU): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following significance conclusion as the impact of OPSP traffic on the Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On-Ramp queuing would remain substantially the same as under the 2011 OPSP. The specifics of the impact and mitigation measure have been revised consistent with updated modeling and measures that are currently identified as potentially feasible. While conclusions remain the same, the 2017 OPSP Update would have marginally less severe impacts (shorter queues) at this intersection. Revised Impact Traf-2718: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp or approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.17).  Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On- Ramp AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 14.2 1.8 percent in the through lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard eastbound approach to Dubuque Avenue at a location with unacceptable Without OPSP Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The eastbound through lane queue storage demand would be extended from 586 1,094 up to 637 1,599 feet at a location with only 250 725 feet of total storage. In addition, the queue lanes on the northbound Dubuque Avenue approach to Oyster Point Boulevard would be increased beyond available storage The OPSP would also increase volumes by 16.2 percent in the northbound Dubuque Avenue right turn lanes where the Without OPSP 95th percentile queue demand would already be exceeding available storage (from 78 1,288 up to 351 1,572 feet at a location with only 250 460 feet of total storage). PM Peak Hour: The Oyster Point Boulevard The eastbound approach through and right turn lanes queues would be extended have 95th percentile storage demand increased above available storage (from 302 685 up to 376 756 feet with 250 725 feet of total storage). In addition, the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach left turn lane would have 95th percentile storage demand increased above available storage (from 1,340 up to 1,460 feet with 1,375 feet of total storage). This would be a significant impact. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-44 2017 OPSP UPDATE Table 16.11 presents the results of the year 2040 queuing analysis. The 2011 OPSP would also produce significant impacts in the same approach lanes during the AM peak hour and in the westbound left turn lane during the PM peak hour. Mitigation Measure Traf-2718: Vehicle Queuing. No improvements are feasible to mitigate OPSP-specific impacts. The following improvement would provide acceptable operation, but is not included as part of the current East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP).  Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue / U.S.101 Northbound On- Ramp The following improvement is not included in the East of 101 TIP. A portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, and the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the following mitigation will be implemented:  Widen the south side of the Oyster Point Boulevard overpass to provide one additional eastbound through lane. Resultant 2040 With OPSP operation AM & PM Peak Hours – All lanes with significant impacts would have 95th percentile queuing reduced to less than without OPSP conditions. As indicated above, because a portion of the widening improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented. While it is possible that Caltrans will approve the implementation of the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this impact would remain significant and unavoidable. The above measure is not included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. Because a portion of these improvements are within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as the lead agency, cannot guarantee implementation. Figure 19 in Appendix J shows mitigated intersection lane geometry and controls. No other potentially feasible improvements have been identified that could mitigate this impact. Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following 2011 EIR significance conclusion as the impact of 2017 OPSP Update traffic on the Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard queuing would remain substantially the same as under the 2011 EIR. The specifics of the impact and mitigation measure have been revised consistent with updated modeling. While conclusions remain substantially the same as analyzed in the 2011 EIR, note that with the updated modeling, the 2011 OPSP would not have shown a significant impact at this location. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-45 Revised Impact Traf-2819: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp/ or approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.17).  Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 7.1 percent in the left turn lane on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The left turn lane queue would be extended from 256 up to 273 feet at a location with only 140 feet of storage. PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 3.2 2.5 percent in the left through and through/right turn lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The left turn lane queue would be extended from 524 up to 542 feet at a location with only 140 feet of storage. In addition, the OPSP would increase volumes by 10.5 percent in the through lanes on the Oyster Point Boulevard westbound approach to Airport Boulevard at a location with Base Case unacceptable Without OPSP 95th percentile queuing greater than established standards. The through/right turn lane queue would be extended from 415 1,906 to 447 2,024 feet at a location with only 250 520 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.11 presents the results of the year 2040 queuing analysis. While this location would be impacted by queues greater than available capacity during the PM peak hour with or without OPSP development, when added to the current model, the 2011 OPSP would result in a decrease in queue length compared to Without OPSP conditions, which would not be a significant impact. Mitigation Measure Revised Traf-2819: Vehicle Queuing (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). The following improvement would mitigate the OPSP-specific impact. This improvement is included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the OPSP’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program.  Airport Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Oyster Point Boulevard o Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – Oyster Point Boulevard Westbound Approach Thru / Right Turn Lanes AM Peak Hour: Left turn lane queue = 242 feet, with a Base Case 95th percentile queue of 250 feet. PM Peak Hour: Left turn lane queue = 506 feet, with a Base Case 95th percentile queue of 524 feet. Each through lane queue = 280 feet, with a Base Case 95th percentile queue of 415 feet. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-46 2017 OPSP UPDATE AM & PM Peak Hours – All lanes with significant impacts would have 95th percentile queuing reduced to less than without OPSP conditions. Impact reduced to a less-than-significant level. The Oyster Point Boulevard / Sister Cities Boulevard / Airport Boulevard intersection is included in the City’s East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The OPSP will pay fees to fund planned improvements to this intersection that would reduce vehicle queuing and reduce the OPSP’s impact to a level of less-than-significant. More Significant Conclusion (LTS conclusion changed to LTS with MM): The 2011 EIR did not identify a significant impact at this intersection. Due to the updated modeling, which forecasts changes in the projected background 2040 traffic levels at this intersection, this intersection would experience an impact under either the 2011 OPSP or with the 2017 OPSP Update, though delay would be marginally lower under the 2017 OPSP Update. The following impact and mitigation measure have been added and the significance conclusion revised. New Impact Traf-20: 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing — Synchro software evaluation. The following off-ramp or approach to an adjacent intersection leading away from an off-ramp would receive a significant queuing impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2040 Without OPSP volumes.  South Airport Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue AM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 12.5 percent in the left turn lane on the S. Airport Boulevard eastbound approach to Gateway Boulevard and increase the 95th percentile queue from 195 up to about 245 feet with only 170 feet of storage. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.11 presents the results of the year 2040 queuing analysis. While this location was not assessed for a queuing impact in the 2011 EIR, under the current model, the 2011 OPSP would also produce a substantially similar significant impact for this movement for this peak period (with queues up to 250 feet compared to 245 with the 2017 OPSP Update). Mitigation Measure New Traf-20: Improvements for Vehicle Queuing. The following improvements would mitigate the OPSP impact. These improvements are included in the East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program and will be funded via the OPSP’s traffic impact fee contribution to this program.  South Airport Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue o Adjust signal timing. Resultant 95th Percentile Vehicle Queuing – S. Airport Boulevard eastbound left turn lane. CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-47 AM Peak Hour: The eastbound left turn lane would have a resultant 95th percentile queue demand of 216 feet, which would be less than without OPSP operation. Impact reduced to a less-than-significant level. The South Airport Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue On-Ramp intersection is included in the City’s East of 101 Transportation Improvement Program. The OPSP will pay fees to fund planned improvements to this intersection that would reduce vehicle queuing and reduce the OPSP’s impact to a level of less-than-significant. No CEQA Conclusions: Because the traffic model and 2040 background conditions were updated, this analysis includes modeling of the 2011 OPSP under the current 2040 model, which allows for a direct comparison between the potential impact of the 2011 OPSP and the changes proposed with the 2017 OPSP Update. Such an analysis is not the basis for CEQA impacts, but is provided for comparison only. In addition to the revisions to impacts discussed above, the following intersections would experience significant 95th percentile queuing impacts with the 2011 OPSP, but not the 2017 OPSP Update as follows:  Airport Boulevard / Grand Avenue – AM peak hour  E. Grand Avenue / Gateway Boulevard – AM peak hour  S. Airport Boulevard / U.S. 101 Northbound Hook Ramps / Wondercolor Lane – AM peak hour YEAR 2040 FREEWAY MAINLINE AND ON/OFF-RAMP OPERATION Less Significant Conclusion (SU conclusion changed to LTS): Due to changes in capacity as well as changes in the projected circulation system and patterns, three on/off-ramp locations that were previously determined to be impacted by the OPSP in the 2011 EIR have been modeled for this SEIR to be operating under acceptable conditions both with and without addition of OPSP traffic to the existing condition. Therefore, impacts and mitigation measures Traf-32 (related to the U.S. 101 Northbound Off-Ramp to E. Grand Ave / Executive Drive), Traf-33 (related to the U.S. 101 Southbound Flyover Off-Ramp to Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway Boulevard), and Traf-36 (related to the U.S. 101 Southbound On-Ramp from Dubuque Avenue) have been deleted and replaced with the less-than- significant revised impact Traf-21. Revised Impact Traf-21: On- and Off-Ramp Operation. Other than as indicated in Traf-22, no on- or off-ramp would receive a significant impact due to the addition of OPSP traffic to 2040 Without OPSP volumes. This would be a less-than-significant impact, therefore no mitigation is required. Tables 16.7 and 16.8 present the results of the off-ramp and on-ramp operation analysis. This less- than-significant impact replaces 2011 EIR impacts and MMs Traf-32, Traf-33, Traf-34, and Traf-36. Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains SU): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following 2011 EIR significance conclusion as the impact of 2017 OPSP Update traffic on the northbound on-ramp from Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue operation would remain substantially the same as analyzed in the 2011 EIR. The specifics of the impact and mitigation measure have been revised consistent with updated modeling. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-48 2017 OPSP UPDATE Revised Impact Traf-3522: On-Ramp Operation. The analysis concluded that there would be a significant impact at the Northbound On-Ramp from Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes (see Table 16.7). PM peak hour volumes would be increased by 17.0 about 4.8 percent (from 2,190 2,482 up to 2,563 2,602 vehicles per hour) at a location where Base Case Without OPSP volumes would already be just less greater than the on-ramp capacity of 2,200 vehicles per hour. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.8 presents the results of the on-ramp operations analysis. While this location would be impacted by queues greater than available capacity with or without OPSP development, when added to the current model, the 2011 OPSP would contribute a 3.3% increase in volumes at this on-ramp, which would also be a significant impact. The 2011 OPSP would also contribute significantly to impacts to the southbound off-ramp to the Oyster Point Boulevard / Gateway intersection and the northbound off- ramp to the S. Airport Boulevard / Wondercolor intersection, which are not significant impacts with the 2017 OPSP Update. Mitigation Measure Revised Traf-3522: Improvement to On-Ramp Capacity Northbound On-Ramp from Oyster Point Boulevard / Dubuque Avenue (see Figure 24 in Appendix E). Provision of a second on-ramp lane would increase capacity to about 3,000 to 3,100 vehicles per hour. This measure will require the approval of Caltrans. Also, this measure is currently not included in the East of 101 TIP. Therefore, the OPSP shall provide a fair share contribution towards this measure. It should be noted that because the improvement is within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, the City of South San Francisco, as lead agency for the OPSP, cannot guarantee that the mitigation will be implemented. While it is likely possible that Caltrans will implement the measure, thereby reducing the impact to a less than significant level, because the measure is beyond the lead agency’s jurisdiction, for CEQA purposes, this impact is considered to be significant and unavoidable. There are no other physical improvements possible acceptable to Caltrans to accommodate a Base Case 2040 With OPSP volume of about 2,563 2,602 vehicles per hour. Impact would remain significant and unavoidable. Same Conclusion, Revised Statements (conclusion remains SU): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following 2011 EIR significance conclusion as 2017 OPSP Update traffic would continue to have a significant impact on the freeway mainline. The specifics of the impact and mitigation measure have been revised consistent with updated modeling. While conclusions remain substantially the same as analyzed in the 2011 EIR, note that with the changes to the development proposed under the 2017 OPSP Update, the 2017 OPSP Update would have a significant impact during the PM peak hour only whereas the 2011 OPSP would have a significant impact during both the AM and PM peak hours. Revised Impact Traf-3723: Freeway Mainline Operation. One No U.S.101 mainline segment would receive a significant impact during the AM peak hour due to the addition of OPSP traffic to year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP volumes, while one segment would receive a significant impact during the PM peak hour (see Table 16.18). CHAPTER 16: TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 16-49 • U.S.101 South Northbound (to the north of the Oyster Point interchange) AM PM Peak Hour: The OPSP would increase volumes by 3.6 1.3 percent (from 9,698 up to 10,047 11,634 up to 11,787 vehicles per hour) at a location with unacceptable LOS F year 2035 Base Case 2040 Without OPSP operation. This would be a significant impact. Table 16.12 presents the results of the freeway mainline operations analysis. The 2011 OPSP also results in significant impacts to U.S. 101. At this location it would also be a 1.3% contribution to volumes in the northbound direction during the PM peak hour, while during the AM peak hour it would be a 1.3% contribution to volumes in the southbound direction north of Oyster Point Boulevard, where there would also be unacceptable operation. Mitigation Measure Revised Traf-3723: Improvement to Freeway Mainline. Mitigation of this impact would require widening the current freeway or construction of a new freeway. Given the location of the mainline freeway and its close proximity to surrounding development, such mitigation is not feasible. Additionally, such mitigation would be prohibitively expensive in relation to the types of land uses it would benefit. Given these specific concerns, mitigation of this Iimpact 14A is not feasible as defined by CEQA. Impact would remain significant and unavoidable. See Pub. Resources Code §21061.1 defining “feasible” as “capable of being accomplished…taking into account economic…and technological factors.” Under CEQA, the City in this matter has an obligation to balance public objectives, including specific economic concerns, against the benefits of the project. See Pub. Resources Code §21081. subd. (a)(3); CEQA Guidelines, §15021. subd. (d). Where economic concerns render a particular mitigation measure infeasible, the lead agency may reject the measure. (See Pub. Resources Code §21081. subd. (a)(3).) DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 16-50 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page has been intentionally left blank 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 17-1 17 UTILITIES INTRODUCTION This chapter describes existing public utilities on and in the vicinity of the 2017 OPSP Update and evaluates the impact of the proposed 2017 OPSP Update on the provision of public utilities and possible adverse physical impacts to the environment that could result from constructing expanded facilities. This chapter is based on a Municipal Services Assessment prepared for the City by Michael Baker International, dated November 2017, the full text of which is included in Appendix I, and the SB 610 Water Supply Assessment prepared by California Water Service Company, dated August 1, 2017, included in Appendix K (WSA). REGULATORY SETTING There have been no changes to the utilities regulatory setting of the OSPS area, including the OPSP Update area. The full regulatory setting information is included in the 2011 EIR (Appendix B). ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING WATER SYSTEM The water system in the East of 101 area is owned and operated by the California Water Service Company (Cal Water). The Cal Water “South San Francisco District” is located in northern San Mateo County approximately six miles south of the City of San Francisco and serves the communities of South San Francisco, Colma, a small portion of Daly City, and an unincorporated area of San Mateo County known as Broadmoor, which lies between Colma and Daly City. The District’s overall water system includes 144 miles of pipeline, 12 storage tanks, 21 booster pumps, and 5 groundwater wells. Potable water supply for the District is a combination of purchased water and groundwater from Cal Water owned wells. Water is purchased from the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC). Cal Water’s annual allocation of SFPUC supply is shared among its three peninsula districts: Bear Gulch, Mid-Peninsula, and South San Francisco. Annual supply from SFPUC to its utility customers varies with precipitation and related hydrologic conditions. Purchased SFPUC potable supply is delivered through a network of pipelines, tunnels and treatment plants. This supply is predominantly from the Hetch Hetchy reservoir, but also includes water produced from watersheds, reservoirs and treatment facilities in Alameda and San Mateo Counties. Groundwater has historically supplied ten to fifteen percent of the South San Francisco District water demand. It is extracted from the Merced Formation of the Colma Creek Basin, a sub-basin of the DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 17-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE Merced Valley Groundwater Basin. Locally this basin is referred to as the Westside Basin. Cal Water routinely monitors the groundwater level of its wells in the Westside basin. Cal Water intends to limit its planned production of groundwater from the Westside Basin to 1,535 AF per year, which is consistent with current pumping capacity and historical pumping rates. There are currently no plans for recycled water or desalinated water supplies to be available to the OPSP area. Total system demand in 2015 was 7,064 acre-feet (AF). District water use in 2015 was strongly affected by the Drought Emergency Regulation adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board in May of 2015. Between June and December 2015, water use in South San Francisco decreased by 21.7% compared to 2013. The projected average annual growth rate in services across all customer categories is approximately 0.5 percent, with a projected total system demand of 8,901 AF in 2040. The distribution system of the South San Francisco District is upgraded and improved through Cal Water’s main replacement program. Storage facilities and new booster pumps are added as needed to meet the average day and maximum day requirements. Future capital expenditures are planned for drilling and developing new wells to replace aging wells currently in operation, which will increase system reliability and allow Cal Water to pump its full share of sustainable extracted groundwater from the Westside basin. Cal Water’s South San Francisco District Water Supply and Facilities Master Plan will be updated in the next two years. Existing OPSP Area Water System The OPSP area is supplied from a 16-inch diameter water main in Oyster Point Boulevard. From there, 12-inch mains in Oyster Point Boulevard and Marina Boulevard and 8-inch pipes along the north side of the waterfront serve the various portions of the OPSP area. (Figure 3 in Appendix I illustrates the water distribution system.) WASTEWATER SYSTEM The City of South San Francisco maintains all of its sewer system facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the Sewer System Management Plan (SSMP) per Waste Discharge Requirements Order No. 2006-003 DWQ, adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board, and Order No. WQ 2013-0058-EXEC for Statewide General Waste Discharge Requirements and Sanitary Systems. The current plan is dated June 2014 and is regularly updated in accordance with regulatory requirements. All wastewater from the City of South San Francisco is conveyed to the Water Quality Control Plan (WQCP), which is located at 195 Belle Air Road in South San Francisco. The WQCP is operated and maintained by the City and serves a population of approximately 110,500. The WQCP provides primary and secondary wastewater treatment for the Cities of South San Francisco and San Bruno, the Town of Colma, and portions of the City of Daly City. The Cities of South San Francisco and San Bruno and the North Bayside System Unit discharge wastewater collected by the Cities of South San Francisco and San Bruno that is then treated at the WQCP, as well as treated wastewater from the Cities of Burlingame and Millbrae and San Francisco International Airport (SFO). The combined treated, dechlorinated wastewater is discharged to lower San Francisco Bay through a single pipe to the deep water outfall approximately 1 mile northeast of San Bruno Point. CHAPTER 17: UTILITIES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 17-3 The WQCP design capacity for average dry weather flow is 13 million gallons per day (mgd). The City of South San Francisco is entitled to approximately 74 percent of the available treatment capacity of the WQCP. In 2016, average daily flows were 8.27 mgd for South San Francisco and San Bruno combined. Average dry weather flows for 2040 are projected to be 10.3 mgd. The City’s wastewater collection system in the East of 101 area consists of 6-inch through 30-inch diameter sewers and a series of gravity sewers and pump stations that convey flow to the main pump station (Pump Station No 4); Pump Station No. 7 conveys a small portion of the East of 101 area to the WQCP as well (see Figure 4 in Appendix I). The City of South San Francisco Adopted Operating Budget & Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) – Sanitary Sewer Projects, Fiscal Year 2016–17, identifies 11 new proposed projects and the continuation of 7 ongoing projects. There are no 2016–17 CIP sanitary sewer projects within the OPSP planning area; however, the proposed off-site Pump Station No. 2 Upgrade will increase the current pump station’s firm capacity, which would accommodate build-out of the OPSP area as well as other area growth. All ongoing projects may indirectly benefit the OPSP because they also maintain and improve the WQCP. Existing OPSP Area Wastewater System Pump Station No. 1 is located within the OPSP area and conveys wastewater flow through a 12-inch force main. The 12-inch force main connects to an 8-inch pipeline segment near the intersection of Oyster Point Boulevard and Gull Drive. As proposed in the 2011 OPSP and unchanged in the 2017 OPSP Update, roadway realignment will be completed of Oyster Point and Marina Boulevards. Because of the realignment, Pump Station No. 1 will be abandoned and a new pump station will be constructed within the OPSP area. This pump station will include three wet-well submersible pumps, and a new 8-inch diameter force main will connect to the existing 8-inch gravity segment located near the intersection of Oyster Point Boulevard and Gull Drive. STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM The City of South San Francisco operates and maintains the stormwater drainage system that serves the OPSP area. The existing stormwater drainage system consists of approximately 13,220 linear feet of stormwater drainage pipes, 88 stormwater drainage inlets, and 11 stormwater manholes. The system contains various disconnected drainage networks that discharge directly to San Francisco Bay through at least 16 outfalls and one channel. Existing OPSP Area Storm Drainage System The quantity of storm runoff during rainfall events is affected by the percentage of impervious surfaces versus pervious surfaces. Impervious surfaces, such as pavement and buildings, cause more runoff than pervious surfaces such as landscaped areas. The existing impervious area covers approximately 50 percent of the existing OPSP area. (Figure 5 in Appendix I illustrates the storm drainage facilities in the area.) SOLID WASTE The South San Francisco Scavenger Company is contracted by the City of South San Francisco as the sole hauler of solid waste and operator of recycling services for the city. The Scavenger Company transports all solid waste from the study area to the Blue Line Material Recovery Facility/Transfer Site (MRF/TS). The MRF/TS has a permitted tonnage of 2,000 tons per day and operates an anaerobic DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 17-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE digestion and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueling facility. The system transforms food and green waste into clean renewable CNG fuel for its vehicles and compost. In 2015, the facility separated out 55,565 tons of material for recycling or composting for use as biomass. Once the usable materials have been separated at the MRF/TS, the remaining solid waste is then transported to a landfill. In 2015, solid waste generated in South San Francisco and disposed of in landfills totaled approximately 96,600 tons. Of that amount, almost 98 percent was transported to two landfills: Corinda Los Trancos (Ox Mountain) Sanitary Landfill in Half Moon Bay, which received over 81,000 tons from South San Francisco in 2015, and Newby Island Sanitary Landfill. Ox Mountain is permitted by the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery to receive 3,598 tons per day of waste, with a total maximum permitted capacity of 69 million cubic yards. In 2016, the landfill received, on average, between 1,500 and 2,000 tons per day. As of 2015, the landfill’s remaining capacity was 22.18 million cubic yards. Although the existing permit expires in 2018, this expiration does not indicate the landfill would close and would no longer accept waste after 2018. Solid waste facility permits are periodically renewed, which includes estimates of remaining capacity and landfill life. The Ox Mountain permit is undergoing such review, but it has not yet been completed. New estimates for capacity and potential closure date will be indicated in the revised permit. The Newby Island Landfill, which is located in Santa Clara County, is permitted to accept 4,000 tons per day of waste and has a permitted capacity of 57,500,000 cubic yards, with an estimated remaining capacity of 21,200,000 cubic yards. The estimated closure date for the Newby Island Landfill is 2041. California Assembly Bill (AB) 341 requires businesses that generate 4 or more cubic yards of waste per week to recycle. The law also applies to multi-family dwellings of five units or more, regardless of the amount of waste generated. AB 1826 requires all businesses and multi-family dwellings of five units or more to subscribe to organics recycling service. The City of South San Francisco has implemented these requirements through programs run by the South San Francisco Scavenger Company. In 2015, the latest year for which data are available, the average per capita residential disposal rate in South San Francisco was 6.9 pounds per day, which meets South San Francisco’s target identified by CalRecycle of 6.9 pounds per day. For the employment sector, the average disposal rate was 9.3 pounds per employee, which did not meet the 9.0 pounds per day per employee target. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES STANDARDS OF SIGNIFICANCE The following thresholds for measuring a project’s environmental impacts are based upon CEQA Guidelines: 1. Would the project exceed wastewater treatment requirements of the applicable Regional Water Quality Control Board? 2. Would the project require substantial expansion or alteration of the City’s water or wastewater treatment and collection facilities? 3. Would the project require or result in the construction of new storm water drainage facilities or expansion of existing facilities? CHAPTER 17: UTILITIES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 17-5 4. Would the project have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project from existing entitlements and resources, or are new or expanded entitlements needed? 5. Would the project result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments? 6. Would the project be served by a landfill with sufficient permitted capacity to accommodate the project’s solid waste disposal needs? 7. Would the project comply with federal, state, and local statutes and regulations related to solid waste? WATER SUPPLIES AND SYSTEM Same Conclusion, Revised Statement (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would marginally increase the demand for water supply and system capacity, and would require revisions to the impact statement to reflect current studies, but would not change the following impact or less-than- significant conclusion as the site could be served with available supply and existing facilities, assuming adequate on-site improvements. Revised Impact Util-1: Increased Water Demand. Build-out of the OPSP area would increase water demand and use of the local water system. However, according to the Water Supply Assessment and Utilities Study Municipal Services Assessment, there is sufficient water supply through the year 20302040, including the increased demand from the OPSP, and adequate water system capacity assuming adequate on-site improvements. This is a less-than-significant impact. The Water Supply Assessment (Appendix K) estimated water demand increases from build-out of the OPSP area, including the 2017 OPSP Update, of 245.5 AF per year (this increase is 22.4 AF per year less than what would result under the 2011 OPSP) and concluded that, with respect to the 20 year forecast, OPSP demand is not a significant percentage in the projected increase in District demand and therefore increases in water demand due to the OPSP can be treated as part of the District demand projection. For 2020, OPSP development and increased water demand would leave 83.6% of the projected increase for other projects and general growth within the District. For 2040, it would leave 86.6% for other projects and general growth. Cal Water’s Water Supply Assessment further concludes that for at least the planning horizon (next 20 years), its South San Francisco District will be able to provide adequate water supplies to meet existing and projected customer demands, which includes full development of the proposed OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update for normal, single dry year and multiple dry year conditions. Sizing of water lines serving the 2017 OPSP Update area will be finalized in coordination with Cal Water and the City. It is expected that a 12 to 16 inch water main will be installed as part of the infrastructure improvements with development. Therefore, the impact of increased water demand on water supply and system capacity will be less than significant. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 17-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE WASTEWATER Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS with MM): The 2017 OPSP Update would marginally increase the demand for wastewater treatment and system capacity, but would not change Impact Util- 2 and mitigation measures Util-2a and Util-2b, or the less-than-significant conclusion as the potential need for sewer system upgrades has not changed since the 2011 OPSP. The Municipal Services Assessment analyzed the OPSP’s impact on wastewater including calculation of revised estimates for existing and projected flows. The OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update, would result in the addition of approximately 0.5 mgd average dry weather flows, which is approximately 0.15 mgd above that estimated for the 2011 OPSP. OPSP-Proposed Improvements As proposed in the 2011 OPSP and unchanged in the 2017 OPSP Update, roadway realignment will be completed of Oyster Point and Marina Boulevards that will require abandonment and reconstruction in a new location of Pump Station No. 1, as shown in Figure 7 of Appendix I. The new Pump Station No. 1 will need to serve an ultimate average daily flow of 629,000 gpd. The estimated peak wet weather flow rate is calculated to be 812 gallons per minute. This sizing of Pump Station No. 1 has been incorporated into plans for development projects in the OPSP area. Future developments on the eastern portion of the OPSP area, including the proposed future hotel, will drain to new gravity sewers and an upsized pump station (not yet numbered), as shown in Figure 7 of Appendix I. Off-Site Pump Station No. 2 The Pump Station No. 2 upsizing and improvements included in the current city CIP would accommodate build-out of the OPSP area as well as other area growth. While inclusion in the CIP means this improvement can be reasonably assumed, because the improvements have not yet been made, the following mitigation measure has been retained. With the expansion of Pump Station No. 2 included in CIP, as detailed in Mitigation Measure Util-2a, impacts related to pump station capacity would be reduced to less than significant. Sewer Trunk Capacity While the 2017 OPSP Update would result in marginally increased wastewater flows, there would be no change in requirements for update or conclusions related to sewer trunk capacity. The following mitigation measure would remain applicable to the OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update. With improvements identified in Mitigation Measure Util-2b, impacts related to sewer trunk capacity would be reduced to less than significant. Wastewater Treatment Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would marginally increase the demand for wastewater treatment, but would not change Impact Util-3 or the less-than-significant conclusion as the site could be served with planned capacity. CHAPTER 17: UTILITIES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 17-7 The Municipal Services Assessment (Appendix I) analyzed the OPSP’s impact on wastewater including calculation of revised estimates for existing and projected flows. The OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update, would result in the addition of approximately 0.5 mgd average dry weather flows, which is approximately 0.15 mgd above that estimated for the 2011 OPSP. The permitted average dry weather flow design capacity of the WQCP is 13 mgd and in 2016, average daily influent flows were 8.27 mgd and are projected to be 10.3 mgd in 2040. Addition of OPSP wastewater (0.5 mgd), when added to current flows, would not exceed the permitted capacity at the WQCP, and the increased flows from the OPSP will have a less than significant impact on the WQCP. INCREASE IN STORMWATER FLOWS Same Conclusion, Revised Statement (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would marginally increase impervious area, and would require revisions to the impact statement to reflect that, but would not change the following impact or significance conclusion as development would remain subject to provisions requiring control of stormwater flows. Revised Impact Util-4: Increased Impervious Area. OPSP area build-out will increase the impervious area by two 2.9 acres, or 2.6 3.6 percent, which could result in increased stormwater flows and/or runoff not meeting treatment requirements, without appropriate on-site controls. However, the potential for increased flows will be mitigated through required compliance with the NPDES permit process, which will require such controls. Additionally, stormwater controls are proposed to meet or exceed LEED standards. The OPSP would not require additional off-site storm water facilities or fail to meet treatment requirements. This is a less-than- significant impact. The Municipal Services Assessment (Appendix I) analyzed the OPSP’s impact related to stormwater including. The volume of stormwater is directly related to the amount of impervious area within a development. The OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update, would result in an additional approximately 2.9 acres of new impervious surface, which is approximately 0.8 acre above that estimated for the 2011 OPSP. This increase in impervious area would have a minimal, if any, effect on stormwater discharges to the existing storm drainage system because stormwater runoff increases must be managed in accordance with best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) per the requirements of Provision C.3 of the NPDES Municipal Regional Permit. No improvements to expand capacity of the drainage system are recommended. There is no substantial difference between the 2011 OPSP and the proposed 2017 OPSP Update relative to stormwater runoff. All new infrastructure and existing infrastructure improvements will require implementation of BMPs and LID per the requirements of Provision C.3 of the current NPDES permit. LANDFILL CAPACITY Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would marginally increase the amount of expected solid waste generation but would not change Impact Util-5 or the less-than- significant conclusion as the site would be adequately served by existing facilities and comply with applicable solid waste regulations. The Municipal Services Assessment analyzed the OPSP’s impact on solid waste. The OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update, would generate approximately 10,075 tons per year of solid waste requiring DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 17-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE landfill disposal (which would be expected to equate to 13,434 cubic yards of compacted waste annually), accounting for materials diverted and recycled from the waste stream. This is approximately 2,839 tons per year more solid waste than would have been generated under the 2011 OPSP. Development projects in the OPSP area would comply with all regulatory requirements including requirements for recycling and waste diversion. The remaining landfill capacity at the Ox Mountain Landfill is 22.18 million cubic yards. The OPSP’s contribution of approximately 13,434 cubic yards of compacted waste annually would decrease landfill capacity by less than 0.1 percent and therefore would not substantially affect landfill capacity. Therefore, the impact of the OPSP, including the 2017 OPSP Update, related to solid waste would be less than significant and no mitigation measures are required. ENERGY Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would marginally increase the amount of energy consumption but would not change the Impact Util-6 or the less-than-significant conclusion as development would comply with applicable energy efficiency regulations. The OPSP would be considered to have a significant impact related to energy use if it would violate applicable federal, state and local statutes and regulations relating to energy standards and/or if energy consumption increases resulting from the OPSP would trigger the need or expanded off-site energy facilities. The 2017 OPSP Update would be required by the City to comply with all standards of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations and the new California Green Building Standards Code (CALGREEN), as applicable, aimed at the incorporation of energy-conserving design and construction. PG&E infrastructure exists on the 2017 OPSP Update site, and any improvements and extensions required to accommodate the OPSP would be determined in consultation with PG&E prior to installation. As a result, although the OPSP would incrementally increase energy consumption, it would not result in a significant impact related to the provision of energy services. CUMULATIVE UTILITIES IMPACTS Same Conclusion (conclusion remains LTS): The 2017 OPSP Update would not change the following les-than-significant conclusion as plan-specific impacts also remain the same as under the 2011 OPSP. The geographic context for a discussion of cumulative impacts to utilities is the service area of the utility in question. For instance, the geographic context for cumulative impacts to water supply is the Cal Water and SFPUC service areas; to wastewater, it is the East of 101 Area; and to the storm drainage system, the geographic context is the local watershed. The cumulative impacts analysis for each utility includes all cumulative growth within its respective service area, as identified by the providers’ demand projections. The surplus SFPUC supply identified under the analysis above takes into account assumed cumulative increases in system-wide water demand and would accommodate anticipated development in the area including the OPSP. This assumes increased demand management and/or conservation system-wide over time. The cumulative impact related to water supply would be less-than significant. The existing drainage system in the East of 101 Area is generally designed and constructed for industrial development, which has a high ratio of impervious surfaces. Stormwater point and non-point source discharges are a major source of pollution in San Francisco Bay from the City, as the City’s CHAPTER 17: UTILITIES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 17-9 storm drainage system discharges to the Bay. As redevelopment in the East of 101 Area continues, development could degrade water quality through industrial/R&D pollutant discharges or simply as a result of increased traffic. To combat this problem, the San Mateo County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program (STOPPP) has prepared a Best Management Practices plan to control pollutants in their stormwater system. Compliance with the permit requirements for non-point source stormwater discharge under the NPDES also requires the property owner of all construction projects over one acre in size to obtain a stormwater discharge permit. The storm water system consists of a variety of disconnected drainage systems, including surface street drainage, and underground storm drains that drain to numerous outfalls that discharge to the San Francisco Bay (Bay) along the north, west, and eastern sides of Oyster Point. Stormwater flow from the outfalls is not treated. The developer has proposed to connect to the existing underground drainage network at several locations, and the existing outfalls will continue to be used with modifications to comply with BMPs. According to the OPSP, stormwater treatment and controls will be designed in conformance with the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs), and LID practices such as vegetated swales, vegetative buffer strips, media filters, and bioretention areas per the requirements of Provision C3 of the City’s NPDES permit. Cumulative impact and redevelopment may result in a significant increase of pollutant load in the runoff. The proposed project represents 85 acres or approximately 5 percent of the 1,700 acres in the East of 101 Area. Therefore, the proposed project would not be cumulatively considerable. Additionally, compliance with NPDES will ensure project-specific and cumulative impacts will be further reduced. Planned and proposed sewer system upgrades, including those required by mitigation in this analysis, will adequately accommodate OPSP development and cumulative area growth and the impact to the wastewater system capacity is less than significant. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 17-10 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page intentionally left blank. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 18-1 18 OTHER CEQA CONSIDERATIONS INTRODUCTION This chapter of the SEIR contains discussion of the following additional CEQA considerations: • Significant Irreversible Modifications in the Environment • Growth Inducing Impacts • Cumulative Impacts SIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE MODIFICATIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT An EIR must identify any significant irreversible environmental changes that could be caused by a project. These may include current or future uses of non-renewable resources, and secondary or growth-inducing impacts that commit future generations to similar uses. Irretrievable commitments of resources should be evaluated to assure that such current consumption is justified. The CEQA Guidelines describe three distinct categories of significant irreversible changes: 1) changes in land use which would commit future generations to specific uses; 2) irreversible changes from environmental actions; and 3) consumption of non-renewable resources. CHANGES IN LAND USE WHICH WOULD COMMIT FUTURE GENERATIONS The 2017 OPSP Update would modify the mix of land uses in the 2017 OPSP Update area, including a change in use to residential on the Phase III and IV portions of the site. Once developed as residential, such land use would likely remain in the future. Residents are considered sensitive receptors for a number of environmental impacts, including those related to air quality, hazards, and noise; and once developed as residential use, any future surrounding development would need to consider the potential for impacts on those sensitive receptors. However, as discussed in this SEIR, the OPSP area already includes residents on live-aboard boats and recreational areas that are considered to have sensitive receptors, so such a need to consider impacts on sensitive receptors would not be an entirely new constraint related to the site. IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES FROM ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS The 2011 OPSP, with or without the 2017 OPSP Update, represents redevelopment of an urban site and would not result in a loss of natural lands. Development of the 2017 OPSP Update as proposed could result in the commitment of nonrenewable resources (e.g., gravel and petroleum products) and slowly renewable resources (e.g., wood products) used in construction. However, the resource consumption for construction activities would not result in long-term ongoing depletion of non-renewable resources and would not permanently increase reliance on resources that are not renewable. The operation of residences and office/R&D at the site (or just office/R&D under the 2011 OPSP) would also require further commitment of resources (e.g., petroleum products for vehicle operations, natural gas and electricity for lighting, heating, and cooling). The use of nonrenewable resources for operation would be consistent with the use of such resources by other residential and office/R&D DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 18-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE development and is expected to account for a minimal portion of the region’s resources and would not substantially affect the availability of these resources for other needs within the region. Although the 2011 OPSP, with or without the 2017 OPSP Update, would result in the irreversible commitment of resources, the impact would not be significant, and the decision by the Lead Agency to commit these resources would meet goals to allow for office/R&D development and to help meet housing demand. Without approval of the 2017 OPSP Update, the 2011 OPSP would remain in effect and the same or similar commitment of resources described would occur regardless. The 2017 OPSP Update has the potential to result in irreversible damage due to environmental accidents involving use of hazardous material, however, the proposed land use change (residential) does not have a high potential for significant hazardous material use, and the handling of such materials at the residential and office/R&D developments will be done according to appropriate regulations, which will minimize this potential (see Chapter 11: Hazards). GROWTH INDUCING IMPACTS The 2017 OPSP Update would directly increase population growth through addition of housing and employment growth and indirectly increase housing demand through the development of office/R&D. Indirect increases in population due to greater employment opportunities are discussed in more detail under Population/Housing section in Chapter 15 and found to be less than significant. The 2017 OPSP Update area is located at a terminus, with the Bay immediately adjacent to the north and west sides, and in close proximity on the east sides, and it is therefore not anticipated that infrastructure improvements for this area would be used to support substantial additional growth in surrounding areas. While the 2017 OPSP Update would introduce residential development to the East of 101 area, it would not set a precedent for other sites that do not share the same characteristics. As well as being somewhat uniquely located at a terminus, as discussed above, the OPSP site already supports sensitive uses including residents on live-aboard boats and recreational areas, so introducing sensitive users to the site would not be an entirely new constraint, as it may be for other sites in the East of 101 area. The analysis in this SEIR determined that this particular site would be appropriate for residential uses in relation to air quality, hazards, and noise. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS As defined in Section 15355 of the CEQA Guidelines, a cumulative impact consists of an impact which is created as a result of the combination of the 2017 OPSP Update evaluated in the SEIR together with other projects causing related impacts. “Cumulative impacts” refer to two or more individual effects which, when considered together, are considerable or which compound or increase other environmental impacts. The cumulative impact from several projects is the change in the environment that results from the incremental impact of the project when added to other closely related past, present and reasonably foreseeable probable future projects. Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively significant projects taking place over a period of time. The potential for cumulative impacts are discussed in the analysis chapters 4 through 17 of this document. In summary, development of the 2017 OPSP Update site as proposed would contribute to a cumulative increase in impacts in areas such as Air Quality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Geology and Soils, Hazardous Materials, Hydrology, Noise, Transportation/Traffic, and Utilities. However, the 2017 OPSP Update’s contribution to these cumulative effects would be less-than-significant or would be reduced to a level of less than cumulatively considerable through implementation of any project- CHAPTER 18: OTHER CEQA CONSIDERATIONS 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 18-3 specific mitigation measures for all except the following items, which would be significant and unavoidable on a cumulative level. • Noise: Noise generated by construction on the site would temporarily though substantially increase cumulative noise levels at existing live-aboard boats in the vicinity of the site as well as at earlier phases of proposed new residential units. As under the 2011 OPSP, this impact would be partially reduced through implementation of construction noise control measures (Noise-5), but the impact would remain significant and unavoidable as a result of the extended period of time that adjacent receivers could be exposed to construction noise though the noise increases would be both episodic and temporary. • Traffic: Significant and unavoidable cumulative impacts under the 2017 OPSP Update include intersection level of service impacts, intersection queuing impacts, cumulative PM peak hour on- ramp impacts, and freeway mainline impacts that had been identified under the 2011 EIR (Traf-13, Traf-16, Traf-17, Traf-18, Traf-22), and one intersection level of service impact that had not been identified under the 2011 EIR (Traf-14). Some significant and unavoidable impacts that had previously been identified under the 2011 EIR were found to be less than significant under the new modeling or reduced to that level through mitigation including AM peak hour impacts at off-ramps and some PM peak hour impacts at on-ramps. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 18-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page has been intentionally left blank 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 19-1 19 ALTERNATIVES INTRODUCTION The California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines (CEQA Guidelines, 1970, as amended, Section 15126.6) require an EIR to include a discussion of a reasonable range of alternatives to the proposed project. The CEQA Guidelines also require that an EIR explain why specific project alternatives considered at one time were rejected in favor of the proposed project. The selection of alternatives is to be guided by the provision of reasonable choices and the promotion of informed decision making and informed public participation. An EIR need not evaluate alternatives that would have effects that cannot be determined, or for which implementation would be remote and speculative. The Guidelines also require that an EIR specifically evaluate a “no project” alternative within this discussion and that an “environmentally superior” alternative be identified (Section 15126.6 [e]). The alternatives addressed in this SEIR were selected based on the following factors: 1. The extent to which the alternative would accomplish most of the basic project objectives 2. The extent to which the alternative would avoid or lessen any of the identified significant environmental effects of the project (discussed in Chapters 4 through 18) 3. The potential feasibility of the alternative (as discussed in this Chapter) 4. The extent to which the alternative contributes to a “reasonable range” of alternatives necessary to permit a reasoned choice This SEIR describes the proposed 2017 OPSP Update and analyzes reasonable alternatives that would avoid, reduce, or minimize environmental impacts. Areas within the OPSP that are outside the 2017 OPSP Update area are unaffected by the update and remain as proposed under the 2011 OPSP and analyzed in the 2011 EIR. The 2017 OPSP Update is fully described in Chapter 3 of this SEIR (Project Description). The environmental consequences are addressed in Chapters 4 through 18 of this SEIR. 2017 OPSP UPDATE OBJECTIVES CEQA requires the analysis of alternatives that would feasibly attain “most of the basic objectives of the project but would avoid or substantially lessen any of the significant effects of the project.”1 Therefore, the stated objectives can be used as a metric against which an alternative can be measured when determining overall feasibility.2 Additionally, CEQA requires the evaluation of a proposed project to address only impacts to the physical environment; economic and social effects can be analyzed only as one link in a chain of cause and effect from a proposed decision (e.g., physical 1 CEQA Guidelines, Section 15126.6 (a) 2 Ibid., Section 15126.6 (a) DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 19-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE changes caused, in turn, buy economic and social changes).3 However, economic viability can be considered when determining the feasibility of a project alternative.4 The following are applicant and city objectives that are fulfilled by the 2017 OPSP Update. Alternatives will be evaluated in part based on their ability to meet these objectives: 1. Create a vibrant destination and a new gateway to the City of South San Francisco. 2. Reorganize the area into a better pattern of land uses that will benefit all of the community’s stakeholders. 3. Provide quality research and development facilities consistent with the General Plan designation as a site for business and technology park facilities. 4. Continue to develop the East of 101 area into a nationally recognized research and development center that will attract other life science and high technology businesses. 5. Enhance availability of public open space and access to the Bay. 6. Provide flexible recreational amenities for public use. 7. Counteract the potential effects of sea level rise on the Project site. 8. Generate additional demand for the transit mode-shift opportunities inherent in proximity to the ferry terminal. 9. Build a project that creates quality jobs for South San Francisco. 10. Generate net property tax and other fees from the development Project and enhance property values. 11. Build a project that is viable in the East of 101 area based upon market conditions and projected service requirements for the area. 12. Develop a project of high quality design as called for in the Design Element of the East of 101 area Plan and which integrates with adjoining properties. 13. Develop additional housing to help offset the jobs-housing imbalance. 2017 OPSP UPDATE IMPACTS The 2017 OPSP Update would not result in significant impacts related to agricultural and forest resources, greenhouse gas emissions, land use and planning, mineral resources, population and housing, public services, or recreation. Impacts associated with the following topics would be significant without the implementation of mitigation measures, but would be reduced to a less-than- significant level if the mitigation measures recommended in this SEIR are implemented. • Aesthetics • Air Quality • Biological Resources • Cultural Resources • Geology and Soils • Hazards and Hazardous Materials • Hydrology and Water Quality 3 Ibid., Section 15131. 4 Ibid., Section 15126.6(f)(1). CHAPTER 19: ALTERNATIVES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 19-3 • Noise • Transportation and Circulation • Utilities and Service Systems Based on the analysis contained in this SEIR, implementation of the 2017 OPSP Update would result in significant and unavoidable impacts to the following: • Noise: Construction-period noise affecting sensitive receptors over a period of several months or years. • Traffic: Declines in intersection operation as well as the mainline U.S. 101. ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS The alternatives analysis is presented as a comparative analysis to the 2017 OPSP Update. A project may have the potential to generate significant impacts, but changes to certain features may also afford the opportunity to avoid or reduce such impacts. The following alternatives analysis compares the potential significant environmental impacts of the alternatives with those of the 2017 OPSP Update for each of the environmental topics analyzed in detail in Chapters 4 through 18 of the SEIR and discusses feasibility of implementation, and ability to meet objectives. SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES Three alternatives were evaluated. All of the alternatives are located on the OPSP site. Differences between the alternatives focus on intensity of development. The three alternatives to be analyzed in comparison to the 2017 OPSP Update are shown in Table 19.1 at the end of this chapter and are as follows: Update Alternative A: No Project/2011 OPSP. Update Alternative A is a “no project” alternative that assumes the 2017 OPSP Update is not approved and therefore that the 2011 OPSP would remain in place and development would occur according to the 2011 OPSP. The 2011 OPSP originally envisioned a total of 1,750,000 square feet of private office/R&D development across Phases II, III, and IV (the area subject to the 2017 OPSP Update), with approximately 500,000 to 700,000 square feet of development in each phase. This alternative satisfies the CEQA requirement to evaluate a “No Project” alternative, which means “the existing conditions, as well as what would reasonably be expected to occur in the foreseeable future if the project were not approved, based on current plans and consistent with available infrastructure and community services” (CEQA Guidelines, Section 15126.6[e][2]). Update Alternative B: Reduced Intensity (23% Reduction) Alternative. Update Alternative B would allow redevelopment of the same OPSP site but with a 23% reduction in residential and office/R&D development compared with the 2017 OPSP Update. Under this alternative, approximately 823,900 square feet of office/R&D and 917 residential units would be developed on Phases II, III, and IV . As with the 2017 OPSP Update, the remainder of the OPSP would develop per the 2011 OPSP. Update Alternative C: Reduced Intensity (35% Reduction) Alternative. Update Alternative C would allow redevelopment of the same OPSP site but with a 35% reduction in residential and office/R&D development compared with the 2017 OPSP Update. Under this alternative, approximately 695,500 square feet of office/R&D and 774 residential units would be developed on Phases II, III, and IV. As with the 2017 OPSP Update, the remainder of the OPSP would develop per the 2011 OPSP. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 19-4 2017 OPSP UPDATE Alternatives Rejected as Infeasible As described above, Section 15126.6(c) of the CEQA Guidelines requires an EIR to identify any alternatives that were considered by the lead agency but were rejected as infeasible during the scoping process and briefly explain the reasons underlying the lead agency’s determination. Given the fact that the project applicant owns this site and the nature of the project (an update to a Specific Plan for a specific site), an off-site alternative was not considered. The SEIR did not identify impacts related to specific locations on the site such that changing the footprint of development could substantially change impacts. Therefore, reduction in the footprint of development was not considered as an alternative. Reduced intensity alternatives were chosen based on the ability to avoid one or more significant and unavoidable impacts while maintaining a reasonably feasible level of development. Impacts that would have required substantial reductions in intensity of development (such as some traffic impacts that would require reductions of 80% or 90%) were considered to not be avoidable by a feasible alternative. It is not possible to fully evaluate every possible alternative to a proposed project. Update Alternatives A, B, and C satisfy the requirement to consider and discuss “a range of reasonable alternatives to the project” pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15126.6. As discussed in the descriptions above, these alternatives were chosen as reasonable and potentially feasible alternatives at this site and no additional alternatives were identified that would substantially contribute to a meaningful evaluation, analysis, and environmental comparison of the project to possible alternatives. UPDATE ALTERNATIVE A: NO PROJECT/2011 OPSP ALTERNATIVE Impact Summary The No Project Alternative would result in the development of the OPSP area as approved in the 2011 OPSP and analyzed in the 2011 OPSP. The No Project Alternative would be considered to have no new impacts under CEQA, as it has already been fully analyzed in the 2011 EIR and approved as the 2011 OPSP (see CEQA section 21166, CEQA Guidelines section 15162). That being said, the 2011 OPSP would result in impacts that have been previously identified. These are outlined in full in the 2011 EIR (included as Appendix B), detailed in the comparative Table 2.1 in Chapter 2 of this document, and summarized in the comparative Table 19.1 at the end of this chapter. With similar development area and size, and almost the same daily and 2-way peak hour traffic as under the 2017 OPSP Update, operational impacts of Update Alternative A related to emissions and noise would be substantially the same as under the 2017 OPSP Update. However, because the directionality of traffic would change (with the 2011 OPSP generally following the employment base of the East of 101 area with inbound trips in the AM peak hour and outbound trips in the PM peak hour and the 2017 OPSP Update residential uses generally following the reverse pattern), specifics of traffic impacts between Update Alternative A and the 2017 OPSP Update would be different with some impacts being more significant under one and other impacts being more significant under the other. While it is difficult to weight the importance of each specific impact, it can be stated that under the 2017 OPSP Update, by changing some traffic to a different directionality than that predominant in the area would generally be considered beneficial from a traffic perspective. Ability to Accomplish OPSP Objectives and Feasibility By reverting to the development planned under the OPSP, the No Project Alternative would meet the majority of the project objectives of the 2017 OPSP Update, which are largely the same as for the 2011 OPSP. This alternative would not include housing, however, and would not meet the following additional objective of the 2017 OPSP Update: CHAPTER 19: ALTERNATIVES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 19-5 • Develop additional housing to help offset the jobs-housing imbalance. As the currently-approved plan for development of the area, this alternative is assumed to be feasible. UPDATE ALTERNATIVE B: REDUCED INTENSITY (23% REDUCTION) ALTERNATIVE Impact Summary Reducing the intensity of development by 23% would primarily reduce impacts related to operational vehicle trips and related emissions and noise. While full site preparation would still be required as the footprint would not change, construction activities and related impacts, including emissions and noise, would be marginally reduced. Update Alternative B was chosen to avoid the project’s significant contribution to the impact on the freeway mainline (Traf-23). At a reduction in development intensity of 23%, Alternative B would avoid the project’s significant contribution to this impact. However, while this alternative would reduce the contribution of the OPSP traffic below significance levels (being a contribution of 1% or more of traffic along the freeway), the freeway mainline would operate at levels considered unacceptable with or without contribution of OPSP traffic. Air Quality The reduced intensity of development under Update Alternative B would result in proportionally fewer vehicle trips and reduced building square footage and related emissions and therefore a reduction of about 23% in operational criteria pollutant emissions compared to the 2017 OPSP Update. The 2017 OPSP Update was determined to result in a significant impact related to operational ROG emissions that could be reduced through mitigation (Air-5). A reduction in development intensity of at least 11%, which is met and exceeded by this alternative, would reduce this impact below significance thresholds and thereby avoid the need for this mitigation. Construction activities and related emissions would also be marginally reduced under Update Alternative B, but conclusions and required mitigation would not change. This alternative would introduce new sensitive receptors (residents) to the area, albeit fewer than under the 2017 OPSP Update, but the health risk assessment prepared for this SEIR demonstrated that operational health risks to any sensitive receptors in the 2017 OPSP Update area would be below significance thresholds. The amount of residents proposed does not change these conclusions. Noise The reduced intensity of development under Update Alternative B would result in proportionally fewer vehicle trips and activity at the site and therefore related noise levels, particularly additional traffic noise. However, similar operational equipment, such as HVAC equipment and fans, would still be anticipated and would need to be appropriately planned and constructed to avoid impacts to noise- sensitive receptors (Noise-1b). Operational noise levels and related less than significant impacts would be marginally reduced under Update Alternative B than under the 2017 OPSP Update but conclusions would not change. While the duration of the construction period would be expected to be somewhat reduced with less square footage being built, Update Alternative B would still have a construction period spanning more than a year and the potential impact to noise-sensitive receptors would remain significant and unavoidable despite mitigation (Noise-5) as under the 2017 OPSP Update. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 19-6 2017 OPSP UPDATE Transportation and Circulation Update Alternative B would result in new vehicle trips in the vicinity, which, while about 23% less than under the 2017 OPSP Update, would still result in an increase over the threshold of 100 new vehicle trips, triggering the requirement of a TDM Plan (Traf-1). Similarly, appropriate pedestrian and bicycle facilities would also be required (Traf-2 and Traf-3). With the 23% reduction in traffic, Update Alternative B would reduce the contribution of traffic to the impacted U.S. 101 mainline (Traf-23) below the 1% significance threshold, which would reduce this impact to less than significant. However, note that while the project’s contribution would no longer be considered significant, this freeway mainline would operate at unacceptable levels even without OPSP development. All other traffic-related impacts (Traf-4 through Traf-22) would also be marginally reduced but not to a degree that would avoid other significant and unavoidable impacts. Other Environmental Topic Areas Because the same total area would be disturbed and developed under Update Alternative B as under the 2017 OPSP Update, all other impacts would remain the same or similar to those identified for the 2017 OPSP Update and the identified mitigation measures would be required to reduce impacts to less than significant levels. Ability to Accomplish 2017 OPSP Update Objectives and Feasibility On balance, Update Alternative B would meet the project objectives of the 2017 OPSP Update; however, by reducing the development intensity by 23%, it would meet the following objectives to a lesser degree: 1. Update Alternative B would create a vibrant destination and a new gateway to the City of South San Francisco. 2. Update Alternative B would reorganize the area into a better pattern of land uses that will benefit all of the community’s stakeholders, though a lower intensity project would provide both less housing and less employment opportunities. 3. Update Alternative B would provide quality research and development facilities, though less square footage would be built under this alternative. 4. Update Alternative B would continue to develop the East of 101 area into a nationally recognized research and development center, though less square footage would be built under this alternative. 5. Update Alternative B would enhance availability of public open space and access to the Bay the same as under 2017 OPSP Update. 6. Update Alternative B would provide flexible recreational amenities for public use the same as under the 2017 OPSP Update. 7. Update Alternative B would counteract the potential effects of sea level rise on the Project site the same as under the 2017 OPSP Update. 8. Update Alternative B would generate additional demand for the transit mode-shift opportunities inherent in proximity to the ferry terminal, though with less residential and office/R&D development, would do so to a lesser degree than under the 2017 OPSP Update. 9. Update Alternative B would build a project that creates quality jobs for South San Francisco, though to a lesser degree with less office/R&D space. CHAPTER 19: ALTERNATIVES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 19-7 10. Update Alternative B would generate net property tax and other fees from the development Project and enhance property values, though to a lesser degree with less development. 11. Update Alternative B would build a project that is viable in the East of 101 area based upon market conditions and projected service requirements for the area the same as under the 2017 OPSP Update. 12. Update Alternative B would develop a project of high quality design as called for in the Design Element of the East of 101 Area Plan and which integrates with adjoining properties the same as under the 2017 OPSP Update. 13. Update Alternative B would develop additional housing to help offset the jobs-housing imbalance, though to a lesser degree with less housing units. While Update Alternative B would meet all project objectives, many of these would be met to a lesser degree than under the 2017 OPSP Update. This analysis considers Update Alternative B to be potentially feasible though an economic feasibility study would need to be completed to confirm economic feasibility. UPDATE ALTERNATIVE C: REDUCED INTENSITY (35% REDUCTION) ALTERNATIVE Impact Summary Reducing the intensity of development by 35% would primarily reduce impacts related to operational vehicle trips and related emissions and noise. While full site preparation would still be required as the footprint would not change, construction activities and related impacts, including emissions and noise, would be marginally reduced. Update Alternative C was chosen to avoid the project’s significant contribution to the impact at the Forbes Boulevard and Gull Road intersection (Traf-14). At a reduction in development intensity of 35%, Alternative C would avoid the project’s significant contribution to this impact. However, while this alternative would reduce the contribution of the OPSP traffic below significance levels (being a contribution of 2% or more of traffic at the intersection), this intersection would operate at levels considered unacceptable with or without contribution of OPSP traffic. Air Quality The reduced intensity of development under Update Alternative C would result in proportionally fewer vehicle trips and reduced building square footage and related emissions and therefore a reduction of about 23% in operational criteria pollutant emissions compared to the 2017 OPSP Update. The 2017 OPSP Update was determined to result in a significant impact related to operational ROG emissions that could be reduced through mitigation (Air-5). A reduction in development intensity of at least 11%, which is met and exceeded by this alternative, would reduce this impact below significance thresholds and thereby avoid the need for this mitigation. Construction activities and related emissions would also be marginally reduced under Update Alternative C, but conclusions and required mitigation would not change. This alternative would introduce new sensitive receptors (residents) to the area, albeit fewer than under the 2017 OPSP Update, but the health risk assessment prepared for this SEIR demonstrated that operational health risks to any sensitive receptors in the 2017 OPSP Update area would be below significance thresholds. The amount of residents proposed does not change these conclusions. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 19-8 2017 OPSP UPDATE Noise The reduced intensity of development under Update Alternative B would result in proportionally fewer vehicle trips and activity at the site and therefore related noise levels, particularly additional traffic noise. However, similar operational equipment, such as HVAC equipment and fans, would still be anticipated and would need to be appropriately planned and constructed to avoid impacts to noise- sensitive receptors (Noise-1b). Operational noise levels and related less than significant impacts would be marginally reduced under Update Alternative C than under the 2017 OPSP Update but conclusions would not change. While the duration of the construction period would be expected to be somewhat reduced with less square footage being built, Update Alternative C would still have a construction period spanning more than a year and the potential impact to noise-sensitive receptors would remain significant and unavoidable despite mitigation (Noise-5) as under the 2017 OPSP Update. Transportation and Circulation Update Alternative C would result in new vehicle trips in the vicinity, which, while about 35% less than under the 2017 OPSP Update, would still result in an increase over the threshold of 100 new vehicle trips, triggering the requirement of a TDM Plan (Traf-1). Similarly, appropriate pedestrian and bicycle facilities would also be required (Traf-2 and Traf-3). With the 35% reduction in traffic, Update Alternative C would reduce the contribution of traffic to the impacted Forbes Boulevard and Gull Road intersection (Traf-14) below the 2% significance threshold, which would reduce this impact to less than significant. However, note that while the project’s contribution would no longer be considered significant, this intersection would operate at unacceptable levels even without OPSP development. As with Update Alternative B, Update Alternative C would also reduce the contribution of traffic to the impacted U.S. 101 mainline (Traf-23) below the 1% significance threshold, which would reduce this impact to less than significant. However, note that while the project’s contribution would no longer be considered significant, this freeway mainline would operate at unacceptable levels even without OPSP development. All other traffic-related impacts (Traf-4 through Traf-22) would also be marginally reduced under Update Alternative C but not to a degree that would avoid other significant and unavoidable impacts. Other Environmental Topic Areas Because the same total area would be disturbed and developed under Update Alternative C as under the 2017 OPSP Update, all other impacts would remain the same or similar to those identified for the 2017 OPSP Update and the identified mitigation measures would be required to reduce impacts to less than significant levels. Ability to Accomplish 2017 OPSP Update Objectives and Feasibility On balance, Update Alternative C would meet the project objectives of the 2017 OPSP Update; however, by reducing the development intensity by 35%, it would meet the following objectives to a lesser degree: 1. Update Alternative C would create a vibrant destination and a new gateway to the City of South San Francisco. 2. Update Alternative C would reorganize the area into a better pattern of land uses that will benefit all of the community’s stakeholders, though a lower intensity project would provide both less housing and less employment opportunities. CHAPTER 19: ALTERNATIVES 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 19-9 3. Update Alternative C would provide quality research and development facilities, though less square footage would be built under this alternative. 4. Update Alternative C would continue to develop the East of 101 area into a nationally recognized research and development center, though less square footage would be built under this alternative. 5. Update Alternative C would enhance availability of public open space and access to the Bay the same as under 2017 OPSP Update. 6. Update Alternative C would provide flexible recreational amenities for public use the same as under the 2017 OPSP Update. 7. Update Alternative C would counteract the potential effects of sea level rise on the Project site the same as under the 2017 OPSP Update. 8. Update Alternative C would generate additional demand for the transit mode-shift opportunities inherent in proximity to the ferry terminal, though with less residential and office/R&D development, would do so to a lesser degree than under the 2017 OPSP Update. 9. Update Alternative C would build a project that creates quality jobs for South San Francisco, though to a lesser degree with less office/R&D space. 10. Update Alternative C would generate net property tax and other fees from the development Project and enhance property values, though to a lesser degree with less development. 11. Update Alternative C would build a project that is viable in the East of 101 area based upon market conditions and projected service requirements for the area the same as under the 2017 OPSP Update. 12. Update Alternative C would develop a project of high quality design as called for in the Design Element of the East of 101 Area Plan and which integrates with adjoining properties the same as under the 2017 OPSP Update. 13. Update Alternative C would develop additional housing to help offset the jobs-housing imbalance, though to a lesser degree with less housing units. While Update Alternative C would meet all project objectives, many of these would be met to a lesser degree than under the 2017 OPSP Update. This analysis considers Update Alternative C to be potentially feasible, though an economic feasibility study would need to be completed to confirm economic feasibility. ENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVE In addition to the discussion and comparison of impacts of the 2017 OPSP Update and the alternatives, Section 15126.6 of the CEQA Guidelines requires that an “environmentally superior” alternative be selected and the reasons for such a selection disclosed. In general, the environmentally superior alternative is the alternative that would be expected to generate the least amount of significant impacts. Identification of the environmentally superior alternative is an informational procedure and the alternative selected may not be the alternative that best meets the goals or needs of the City. Table 19.1 provides a summary comparison of the environmental impacts of the alternatives compared to the 2017 OPSP Update. The table lists the level of significance of the impacts of the 2017 OPSP Update to each of the environmental topics areas analyzed in the SEIR and shows whether the impacts anticipated under each proposed alternative would be significantly reduced or increased compared to the 2017 OPSP Update or whether they would be similar to (“s”) the 2017 OPSP Update, with potentially marginally greater (“+”) or lesser (“-“) impacts within the same significance conclusions. DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 19-10 2017 OPSP UPDATE Update Alternative A, the No Project/2011 OPSP Alternative, assumes the 2017 OPSP Update is not approved and the 2011 OPSP is developed. With the same development footprint, similar construction activities, and almost the same overall traffic volumes as under the 2017 OPSP Update, many of the impacts would be the same or similar under Update Alternative A. While Update Alternative A would not introduce new residents to the area, emission and noise impacts to existing sensitive receptors on live-aboard boats would still have substantially the same potential to occur. While overall traffic volumes would be very similar, the directionality of the traffic would be different between the 2017 OPSP Update and Update Alternative A and the specifics of impacts would be different with some impacts being more significant under one and other impacts being more significant under the other. While it is difficult to weight the importance of each specific impact, it can be stated that changing some traffic to a different directionality than that predominant in the area would generally be considered beneficial from a traffic perspective, and therefore Update Alternative A would be considered to have marginally worse traffic impacts. Update Alternative A would have substantially the same impacts, with marginally more severe traffic impacts than the 2017 OPSP Update and therefore would not be the environmentally superior alternative. The other two alternatives, Update Alternatives B and C, would reduce the amount of development on the site, resulting in roughly 23% or 35% less development and proportionally less traffic and emissions than would have been generated under the 2017 OPSP Update, respectively. Focusing on impacts that cannot be reduced below significance levels through implementation of identified mitigation, Both Update Alternatives B and C would avoid one significant and unavoidable impact related to the project contribution to impacted freeway mainline operation. Additionally, Update Alternative C would also avoid one significant and unavoidable impact related to the project contribution to impacted intersection operation at Forbes Boulevard and Gull Road. No other significant and unavoidable impacts would be avoided or substantially changed by these alternatives. Because Alternatives B and C both avoid at least one significant and unavoidable impact, these alternatives would both be considered environmentally superior to the 2017 OPSP Update. With an additional significant and unavoidable impact avoided, Alternative C would be environmentally superior to both the 2017 OPSP Update and all other alternatives. However, both of the significant and unavoidable impacts that are avoided by Alternatives B and/or C occur at locations that would operate at unacceptable levels even without addition of any traffic from the OPSP area. The reduction in traffic from the OPSP area would only reduce the contribution from the OPSP area below the significance level of 1% for the freeway mainline and 2% for the local intersection and would not result in the freeway mainline or that intersection operating within acceptable levels. While Update Alternatives B and C would meet all project objectives, many of these would be met to a lesser degree than under the 2017 OPSP Update. This analysis considers Update Alternatives B and C to be potentially feasible, though an economic feasibility study would need to be completed to confirm economic feasibility. CHAPTER 19: ALTERNATIVES LTS = Less Than Significant LTS with MM = Less Than Significant After Mitigation SU = Significant and Unavoidable NI = No Impact A change in the significance of an impact is indicated as “(reduced)” or “(increased)”. An “s” signifies the significance of an impact would be the same or similar under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “-” (minus sign) signifies a marginal reduction in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “+” (plus sign) signifies a marginal increase in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 19-11 TABLE 19.1. SUMMARY COMPARISON OF IMPACTS, 2017 OPSP UPDATE AND ALTERNATIVES ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AREA 2017 OPSP UPDATE UPDATE ALTERNATIVE A UPDATE ALTERNATIVE B UPDATE ALTERNATIVE C No Project/ 2011 OPSP Reduced Intensity (23% Reduction) Reduced Intensity (35% Reduction) AESTHETICS Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? LTS s s s Would the project substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway? NI s s s Would the project substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings? NI s s s Would the project create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? LTS with MM s s s AGRICULTURE RESOURCES, MINERAL RESOURCES Would the project result in loss of or conflict with zoning for agriculture and forest resources? NI s s s Would the project result in loss of availability of mineral resources? NI s s s AIR QUALITY Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? LTS with MM s s s Would the project violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation? LTS with MM s LTS (reduced) LTS (reduced) Would the project result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria LTS with MM s LTS (reduced) LTS (reduced) DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT LTS = Less Than Significant LTS with MM = Less Than Significant After Mitigation SU = Significant and Unavoidable NI = No Impact A change in the significance of an impact is indicated as “(reduced)” or “(increased)”. An “s” signifies the significance of an impact would be the same or similar under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “-” (minus sign) signifies a marginal reduction in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “+” (plus sign) signifies a marginal increase in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. PAGE 19-12 2017 OPSP UPDATE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AREA 2017 OPSP UPDATE UPDATE ALTERNATIVE A UPDATE ALTERNATIVE B UPDATE ALTERNATIVE C pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutants? LTS s- s- s- Would the project create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people? LTS s s s BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES Would the project have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on species identified as candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or US Fish and Wildlife Services? LTS with MM s s s Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, and regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Game, or the US Fish and Wildlife Service? LTS with MM s s s Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands as defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (including but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal etc.), through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means? LTS with MM s s s Would the project interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident of migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites? LTS with MM s s s CHAPTER 19: ALTERNATIVES LTS = Less Than Significant LTS with MM = Less Than Significant After Mitigation SU = Significant and Unavoidable NI = No Impact A change in the significance of an impact is indicated as “(reduced)” or “(increased)”. An “s” signifies the significance of an impact would be the same or similar under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “-” (minus sign) signifies a marginal reduction in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “+” (plus sign) signifies a marginal increase in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 19-13 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AREA 2017 OPSP UPDATE UPDATE ALTERNATIVE A UPDATE ALTERNATIVE B UPDATE ALTERNATIVE C Would the project conflict with local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? NI s s s CULTURAL RESOURCES Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical, archaeological, paleontological, or tribal cultural resource or disturb any human remains? LTS with MM s s s GEOLOGY AND SOILS Would the project expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Faulting Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? LTS s s s Would the project expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving exposure to strong seismic ground shaking? LTS with MM s s s Would the project expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving potential seismic ground failure, including liquefaction, densification, and differential settlement? LTS with MM s s s Would the project expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving landslides? NI s s s Would the project be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable (or that would become unstable as a result of the project) and which could potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral LTS with MM s s s DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT LTS = Less Than Significant LTS with MM = Less Than Significant After Mitigation SU = Significant and Unavoidable NI = No Impact A change in the significance of an impact is indicated as “(reduced)” or “(increased)”. An “s” signifies the significance of an impact would be the same or similar under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “-” (minus sign) signifies a marginal reduction in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “+” (plus sign) signifies a marginal increase in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. PAGE 19-14 2017 OPSP UPDATE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AREA 2017 OPSP UPDATE UPDATE ALTERNATIVE A UPDATE ALTERNATIVE B UPDATE ALTERNATIVE C spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse? Would the project expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving volcanic hazards; NI s s s Development located on expansive soil, creating substantial risks to life and property LTS s s s Would the project result in soil erosion? LTS with MM s s s Would the project be located in an area where soils are incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternate waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water? NI s s s GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? LTS s s- s- Conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? NI s s s HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? LTS s s s Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? LTS with MM s s s Would the project emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely NI s s s CHAPTER 19: ALTERNATIVES LTS = Less Than Significant LTS with MM = Less Than Significant After Mitigation SU = Significant and Unavoidable NI = No Impact A change in the significance of an impact is indicated as “(reduced)” or “(increased)”. An “s” signifies the significance of an impact would be the same or similar under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “-” (minus sign) signifies a marginal reduction in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “+” (plus sign) signifies a marginal increase in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 19-15 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AREA 2017 OPSP UPDATE UPDATE ALTERNATIVE A UPDATE ALTERNATIVE B UPDATE ALTERNATIVE C hazardous materials, substances or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? Would the project be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? LTS s s s Is the project located within an airport land use plan area, would it result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area? LTS s s s Would the project impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? NI s s s Would the project expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wild land fires, including where wild lands are adjacent to urbanized areas or where residences are intermixed with wild lands? NI s s s HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY Would the project violate water quality standards or waste discharge requirements? LTS with MM s s s Would the project substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table? NI s s s Would the project alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, in a manner, which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site? LTS with MM s s s DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT LTS = Less Than Significant LTS with MM = Less Than Significant After Mitigation SU = Significant and Unavoidable NI = No Impact A change in the significance of an impact is indicated as “(reduced)” or “(increased)”. An “s” signifies the significance of an impact would be the same or similar under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “-” (minus sign) signifies a marginal reduction in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “+” (plus sign) signifies a marginal increase in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. PAGE 19-16 2017 OPSP UPDATE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AREA 2017 OPSP UPDATE UPDATE ALTERNATIVE A UPDATE ALTERNATIVE B UPDATE ALTERNATIVE C Would the project substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, or substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner, which would result in flooding on- or off-site? NI s s s Would the project place housing within a ]00-year flood hazard area as mapped on a federal Flood Hazard Boundary or Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood hazard delineation map or place within a 100-year flood hazard area structures which would impede or redirect flood flows? LTS with MM s s s Would the project expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of the failure of a levee or dam? LTS s s s Would the project expose people or structures to inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow? LTS s s s LAND USE AND PLANNING Would the project physically divide an established community? NI s s s Would the project conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including but not limited to the general plan, specific plan, local coastal program, or zoning ordinance) adopted with the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? LTS NI (reduced) s s Would the project conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan? LTS s s s CHAPTER 19: ALTERNATIVES LTS = Less Than Significant LTS with MM = Less Than Significant After Mitigation SU = Significant and Unavoidable NI = No Impact A change in the significance of an impact is indicated as “(reduced)” or “(increased)”. An “s” signifies the significance of an impact would be the same or similar under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “-” (minus sign) signifies a marginal reduction in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “+” (plus sign) signifies a marginal increase in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 19-17 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AREA 2017 OPSP UPDATE UPDATE ALTERNATIVE A UPDATE ALTERNATIVE B UPDATE ALTERNATIVE C POPULATION AND HOUSING, PUBLIC SERVICES, RECREATION Would the project induce population growth? NI s s s Would the project result in the displacement of housing or people? LTS s s s PUBLIC SERVICES, RECREATION Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts related to facilities for public services? LTS s s s Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts related to facilities for recreation? LTS s s s NOISE Would the project result in exposure of persons to or generation of noise in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? LTS with MM s s- s- Would the project cause a substantial increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project? LTS s s- s- Would the project result in substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity? SU s s- s- Would the project result in exposure of persons to or generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? LTS s s s Would the project result in exposure of people residing or working at the project site to excessive noise levels from a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public use airport? LTS s s s DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT LTS = Less Than Significant LTS with MM = Less Than Significant After Mitigation SU = Significant and Unavoidable NI = No Impact A change in the significance of an impact is indicated as “(reduced)” or “(increased)”. An “s” signifies the significance of an impact would be the same or similar under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “-” (minus sign) signifies a marginal reduction in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “+” (plus sign) signifies a marginal increase in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. PAGE 19-18 2017 OPSP UPDATE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AREA 2017 OPSP UPDATE UPDATE ALTERNATIVE A UPDATE ALTERNATIVE B UPDATE ALTERNATIVE C Would the project result in exposure of people residing or working at the project site to excessive noise levels from a private airstrip? NI s s s TRANSPORTATION AND CIRCULATION Would the project conflict with an applicable plan, ordinance or policy establishing measures of effectiveness for the performance of the circulation system, taking into account all modes of transportation including mass transit and non-motorized travel and relevant components of the circulation system, including but not limited to intersections, streets, highways and freeways, pedestrian and bicycle paths, and mass transit? SU, LTS with MM, and LTS s+ Increased impact at some locations, decreased at others, overall marginally worse due to the lack of directional diversity s- One local SU reduced to LTS, otherwise: s- Would the project conflict with an applicable congestion management program, including, but not limited to level of service standards and travel demand measures, or other standards established by the county congestion management agency for designated roads or highways? SU, LTS with MM, and LTS s+ Increased impact at some locations, decreased at others, overall marginally worse due to the lack of directional diversity One freeway SU reduced to LTS, otherwise: s- One freeway SU reduced to LTS, otherwise: s- Would the project substantially increase hazards due to a design feature or incompatible uses? LTS s s s Result in inadequate emergency access? LTS s s s Would the project conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs regarding public transit, bicycle, or pedestrian facilities, or otherwise decrease the performance or safety of such facilities? LTS with MM s s s UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS Would the project create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned LTS s s s CHAPTER 19: ALTERNATIVES LTS = Less Than Significant LTS with MM = Less Than Significant After Mitigation SU = Significant and Unavoidable NI = No Impact A change in the significance of an impact is indicated as “(reduced)” or “(increased)”. An “s” signifies the significance of an impact would be the same or similar under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “-” (minus sign) signifies a marginal reduction in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. Inclusion of a “+” (plus sign) signifies a marginal increase in the impact under the Alternative as compared to the proposed 2017 OPSP Update. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 19-19 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE AREA 2017 OPSP UPDATE UPDATE ALTERNATIVE A UPDATE ALTERNATIVE B UPDATE ALTERNATIVE C stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff? Would the project require or result in the construction of new water treatment, distribution, or conveyance facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects? LTS s s s Would the project require or result in the construction of new storm water drainage facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects? LTS s s s Would the project have insufficient water supplies available to serve the project from existing entitlements and resources or are new or expanded entitlements needed? LTS s s s Would the project result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider that serves or may serve the project that it has inadequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments? LTS with MM s s s Would the project be served by a landfill with insufficient permitted capacity to accommodate the project’s solid waste disposal needs? LTS s s s Would the project comply with federal, state, and local statutes and regulations related to solid waste? LTS s s s PAGE 19-20 2017 OPSP UPDATE This page intentionally left blank. 2017 OPSP UPDATE PAGE 20-1 20 REPORT PREPARERS AND REFERENCES REPORT PREPARERS City of South San Francisco This document was prepared through coordination with South San Francisco Senior Planner Billy Gross. Lamphier-Gregory (Primary Report Preparers) 1944 Embarcadero Oakland, Ca. 94606 510-535-6690 Rebecca (Gorton) Auld, Senior Planner Crane Transportation Group (Transportation and Circulation) Mark Crane, Principal DRAFT SUBSEQUENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PAGE 20-2 2017 OPSP UPDATE REFERENCES California Building Code, Title 24, 2014. California Department of Transportation. Construction Site Monitoring Program Guidance Manual. August, 2013. California Energy Commission, 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, CA, available at http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2016standards/. California Department of Water Resources. The National Flood Insurance Program in California. Quick Guide Coastal Appendix: Planning for Sea-Level Rise. October, 2016. California Geological Survey, “Earthquake zones of Required Investigation, San Francisco South Quadrangle”, November 17, 2000. City/County Association of Governments of San Mateo County, Comprehensive Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for the Environs of San Francisco International Airport, November 2012, Exhibit IV-5. City of South San Francisco, “2010 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, City of South San Francisco Annex”, June 29, 2011. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Letter of Map Revision. Case No. 17-09-1343A. April 19, 2017. National Flood Insurance Program. Flood Insurance Rate Map. San Mateo County, California. Panel 42 OF 510. Effective Date October 16, 2012. PMC, “City of South San Francisco Climate Action Plan”, February 13, 2014. State Water Resources Control Board. Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act. Water Code Division 7 and Related Sections, April 2017. Tetra Tech. Technical Memorandum. Short-term Flood Protection Plan for Oyster Point Landfill. February 24, 2016.