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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPS Business Park SCEA Initial Study City of South San Francisco Planning Division 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study June 2021 Prepared by 1501 Sports Drive, Suite A, Sacramento, CA 95834 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study TABLE OF CONTENTS A. SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ................ 1 B. SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT INITIAL STUDY ................................................................................................................. 3 C. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................... 3 D. CEQA STREAMLINING ..................................................................................... 17 E. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED ............................ 26 F. EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................. 27 G. DETERMINATION .............................................................................................. 94 I. AIR QUALITY. ......................................................................................... 95 II. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES. ................................................................ 116 III. CULTURAL RESOURCES. ................................................................... 123 IV. ENERGY. ............................................................................................... 127 V. GEOLOGY AND SOILS. ........................................................................ 132 VI. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. ....................................................... 140 VII. HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. ....................................... 152 VIII. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY. ................................................ 160 X. NOISE. ................................................................................................... 174 XI. PUBLIC SERVICES. .............................................................................. 188 XII. RECREATION. ...................................................................................... 194 XIII. TRANSPORTATION. ............................................................................. 196 XIV. TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES. ...................................................... 210 XV. UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS. .................................................. 214 XVI. WILDFIRE. ............................................................................................. 225 XVII. MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE. .................................... 227 H. SOURCES ........................................................................................................ 229 APPENDICES: Appendix A: Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Modeling Results Appendix B: Health Risk Assessment Modeling Results Appendix C: CAP Development Review Checklist Appendix D: Geotechnical Report Appendix E: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Appendix F: Technical Noise Study Appendix G: Transportation Study Appendix H: Transportation Demand Management Program 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 1 June 2021 A. SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT This Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study (SCEA IS) has been prepared pursuant to Section 21155.2 of the Public Resources Code. PROJECT TITLE: 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project (proposed project) would involve demolition of the on-site commercial buildings and redevelopment of the project site with two seven-story multi-family residential buildings, for a total of 480 units. The first two levels of each building would be used for parking, and would provide 560 parking spaces in total. The proposed project would also include construction of new streetscape and landscaping improvements along the Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue and San Mateo Avenue frontages. In addition, ten percent of the units would be designated as Low- Income units. PROJECT LOCATION: The project site consists of an approximately 2.56-acre parcel located at 124 Airport Boulevard (APN 015-113-180) and an approximately 1.56-acre parcel located at 100 Produce Avenue (APN 015-113-380), both in the City of South San Francisco, California. NAME OF PUBLIC AGENCY APPROVING PROJECT: City of South San Francisco CONTACT PERSON/INFORMATION: Tony Rozzi, Principal Planner, (650) 877-8535, tony.rozzi@ssf.net. NAME OF AGENCY CARRYING OUT PROJECT: City of South San Francisco REQUIRED FINDINGS: The City of South San Francisco has determined that: 1) the project is consistent with the density, building intensity, and applicable policies specified for the project area in the Plan Bay Area prepared by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission and Association of Bay Area Governments (MTC/ABAG); 2) the project qualifies as a transit priority project pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21155(b); 3) the project is a residential or mixed-use project as defined by Public Resources Code Section 21159.28(d); 4) the project as mitigated incorporates all relevant and feasible mitigation measures, performance standards, or criteria set forth in both the Plan Bay Area Environmental Impact Report (EIR) and the General Plan EIR; 5) all potentially significant or significant effects required to be identified and analyzed pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) have been identified and analyzed in an initial study; and 6) the project, as mitigated, either avoids or mitigates to a level of insignificance all potentially significant or significant effects of the project required to be analyzed pursuant to CEQA. Therefore, the City of South San Francisco finds that the proposed project complies with the requirements of CEQA for using an SCEA as authorized pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21155.2(b). 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 2 June 2021 The attached Environmental Checklist/IS has been prepared by the City of South San Francisco in support of this SCEA IS. Further information including the project file and supporting reports and studies may be reviewed at the City’s Planning Department, located at 315 Maple Avenue South San Francisco, CA 94080. However, until further notice, the project file and supporting documents should be reviewed online, as City offices are currently closed to the public due to COVID-19 restrictions. MITIGATION MEASURES: Pursuant to Section 21155.2 of the PRC, this SCEA IS: 1) incorporates all feasible mitigation measures, performance standards, or criteria set forth in the prior applicable environmental impact reports (EIRs), including the Plan Bay Area EIR, and adopted in findings made pursuant to Section 21081; and 2) contains measures that either avoid or mitigate to a level of insignificance all potentially significant or significant effects of the project required to be identified in this IS. City of South San Francisco California, a Municipal Corporation By: ________________________________ Date: ______________________________ 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 3 June 2021 B. SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT INITIAL STUDY Project Title: 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Lead Agency: City of South San Francisco Planning Division 315 Maple Avenue South San Francisco, CA 94080 Lead Agency Contact: Tony Rozzi, Principal Planner (650) 877-8535 tony.rozzi@ssf.net Project Location: The project site consists of an approximately 2.56-acre parcel located at 124 Airport Boulevard (APN 015-113-180) and an approximately 1.56-acre parcel located at 100 Produce Avenue (APN 015-113-380), both in the City of South San Francisco, California. Project Applicant: The Hanover Company 156 Diablo Road, Suite 220 Danville, CA 94526 C. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The following provides a description of the 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project (proposed project), including the project site’s current location and setting, as well as a discussion of the project components and necessary discretionary actions. Project Location and Setting The project site includes two separate parcels on either side of San Mateo Avenue, south of Downtown South San Francisco, California (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). The project site is made up of two component parts. Site 1, located at 124 Airport Boulevard (APN 015-113-180), is approximately 2.56 acres, is currently developed with four commercial buildings, and is located within the boundary of the Downtown Station Area Specific Plan (DSASP). Site 2, located at 100 Produce Avenue (APN 015-113-380), is approximately 1.56 acres, is developed with two commercial buildings, and is located adjacent to, but outside of, the boundary for the DSASP. Both sites are zoned Business Commercial (BC), and the City of South San Francisco General Plan designates both sites as Business Commercial. Site 1 is also designated Business Commercial by the DSASP. Site 2 is not in the DSASP. The overall project site is bound by Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue to the east, Colma Creek to the south and west, and Caltrain railroad tracks to the north. San Mateo Avenue transects the site. Highway 101 (US-101) is located approximately 450 feet to the east of the project site. Surrounding land uses include commercial and industrial businesses, such as Polywell Computers manufacturing, World Class Charter busses, Lindenville Auto Body Center, and Marble West floor refinishing service. The South San Francisco Caltrain station is located 0.5 miles north of the project site, and the San Bruno BART station is located approximately one mile south of the project site. In addition, a City-owned sewer lift station is located outside the northwest corner of Site 1. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 4 June 2021 Figure 1 Project Site Vicinity Project Location 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 5 June 2021 Figure 2 Project Site 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 6 June 2021 Project Components The proposed project would include redevelopment of the project site with two seven-story multi- family residential buildings, for a total of 480 units. The first two levels of each building would be used for parking, and would provide 560 parking spaces in total. The proposed project would also include construction of new streetscape and landscaping improvements along the Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue and San Mateo Avenue frontages. In addition, ten percent of the units would be designated as Low-Income units. The requested entitlements for the project are discussed in the following sections. General Plan Amendment The existing General Plan designation for Sites 1 and 2 is Business Commercial (BC). In order to accommodate the proposed project, the applicant proposes a text and map amendment to the General Plan. The proposed text amendment would add new text to the General Plan, allowing the City to apply the Downtown Transit Core (DTC) land use designation to additional areas it deems appropriate for transit-oriented development. The proposed text revisions to pg. 2-17 of the General Plan, where the General Plan Downtown Transit Core land use designation is defined, are as follows: This designation applies to the area that lies within a 1/4 mile, or a five-minute walk, of the reconfigured Caltrain Station and undercrossing. It is bounded by Lux Avenue on the north, Second Lane on the south, Union Pacific Railroad/Caltrain tracks on the east, and properties on the west side of Linden Avenue on the west. In its discretion, the City may also apply this designation to 1) Development sites within a 1/2-mile radius of the reconfigured South San Francisco Caltrain Station, San Bruno BART Station, South San Francisco BART Station, or high-quality transit corridor included in Plan Bay Area One or as otherwise determined by the City; and 2) Transit Priority Areas evaluated in Plan Bay Area One. Prior to approving such a discretionary designation, the City shall require site-specific CEQA review. The proposed General Plan Land Use Map amendment would redesignate the entire project site from BC to DTC. Pursuant to the General Plan Land Use Element, the Downtown Transit Core allows up to 100 dwelling units per acre; a minimum of 80 dwelling units per acre is required. A maximum of 180 dwelling units per acre would be allowed for development meeting specified criteria. The proposed project is consistent with the allowable DTC density, given that the base project density is 100 dwelling units per acre, for a total of 400 residential units, including 40 low income units. By providing 10 percent low income units, the project is entitled to a 20 percent density bonus, equivalent to 80 bonus units. Thus, the proposed project includes a total of 480 units. The proposed text and map amendments are consistent with the Preferred Land Use Scenario (PLUS) for the City’s comprehensive General Plan Update. The proposal creates a mechanism for the proposed project to rely on the DTC designation, while the broader General Plan Update is pending, such that the project can move forward now, rather than waiting for the adoption of the General Plan Update. Importantly, if any other future project applies for a DTC land use designation under the text amendment, it will require its own site-specific environmental review under CEQA. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 7 June 2021 Specific Plan Amendment Site 1 is currently within the DSASP. The proposed project includes a request to amend the DSASP Land Use Plan to remove Site 1 from the Specific Plan. Rezone As noted above, Site 1 is located within the boundary of the DSASP, while Site 2 sits just outside the boundary. Both sites are currently zoned Business Commercial (BC) and require a rezone to accommodate the proposed residential use. By applying a General Plan designation that allows high-density residential uses, the proposal would qualify the project for Planned Development (PD) zoning, consistent with the Municipal Code. Thus, the project includes a request to rezone Sites 1 and 2 from BC to PD. The PD zoning will incorporate land uses and development standards from the existing DTC zoning district, including multi-family residential at a base density of up to 100 units per acre (subject to increase under any applicable density bonus program), consistent with the proposed project. The PD zoning will also incorporate land uses allowed on the site by the existing Business Commercial (BC) zoning district. Site Plan – Design Review The first stage of the proposed project would involve demolition of the six existing single-story commercial buildings on-site. The existing buildings make up a total of approximately 93,775 square feet (sf). The proposed Building 1, located at 124 Airport Boulevard, would be a 455,865-sf building consisting of 294 multi-family residential units throughout five levels, above two levels of parking. The ground floor would include a lobby and leasing office, bike parking, and a fitness room. The third floor would include resident amenity spaces, including a Club Room, and two courtyards, the larger of which would feature a pool and lounge spaces for residents. The proposed height of Building 1 would be 85 feet (see Figure 3). The proposed Building 2, located at 100 Produce Avenue, would be 287,830 sf, and would consist of 186 apartments throughout five levels, above two levels of parking. A lobby and leasing office, bike parking, and bike lounge will be located on the ground floor. The third-floor podium level would include two courtyards, and the larger of the two courtyards would include a Club Room and lounge spaces for residents. The proposed building height would be 85 feet (see Figure 4). Table 1 shows the proposed unit breakdown for both buildings. Figure 5 depicts a computer rendering of the completed project, including both buildings, when looking north from along Produce Avenue. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 8 June 2021 Figure 3 Elevation Plan – Building 1 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 9 June 2021 Figure 4 Elevation Plan – Building 2 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 10 June 2021 Figure 5 Completed Project, Looking North 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 11 June 2021 Table 1 Proposed Unit Mix Unit Type Building 1 Building 2 Studio 61 36 1 Bedroom 139 90 2 Bedroom 89 51 3 Bedroom 5 9 Total Units 294 186 As part of the site plan and design review approval, the project will request a 20 percent density bonus by providing 10 percent of the units as affordable to Low Income households under the State Density Bonus Law, California Government Code section 65915. The base project density is 100 dwelling units per acre, for a total of 400 residential units, including 40 low income units. By providing 10 percent low income units, the project is entitled to a 20 percent density bonus, equivalent to 80 bonus units. Thus, the proposed project includes a total of 480 units. Parking The proposed project would provide parking for motorized vehicles and bicycles. A Parking Summary is presented in Table 2 below. Table 2 Parking Summary Parking Type Building 1 Building 2 Standard 245 128 Compact 57 60 Standard Accessible 6 4 Van Accessible 1 1 Tandem 32 26 Vehicle Total 341 219 Bicycle Parking 147 93 A total of 560 parking spaces would be provided, resulting in a blended ratio of 1.17 spaces per unit. Due to the availability of transit options and bicycle facilities near the project, as well as the proportion of studio and one-bedroom units being proposed (68 percent), it is reasonable to assume that not all residents of the proposed development would own a car and require a parking space. Thus, the vehicle parking demand will likely be less than the City’s parking requirement. In addition, the project includes a total of 240 long-term bicycle parking spaces, which exceeds the City’s Code requirement for the project of 121 spaces. Landscaping The proposed project would provide landscaping improvements throughout the project site, including new trees and shrubs along the perimeter of the site and within the courtyards (see Figure 6). All landscaping improvements would be subject to the Landscape Design Principles set forth in Section C of Chapter 20.300.007 of the City’s Municipal Code and would be required to abide by the California Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO). 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 12 June 2021 The project would include the provision of open space areas for residents to enjoy, such as landscaped areas, four programmed courtyards, and balconies. Building 1 would provide 30,381 sf of open space, and Building 2 would provide 19,823 sf of open space (see Figure 7). Utilities and Service Systems The following section details sewer, stormwater, and water service at the project site. Sewer The City of South San Francisco owns and maintains the sanitary sewer system adjacent to the project site, and an existing sewer main is located within San Mateo Avenue adjacent to both parcels. The City base maps show the main to be a six-inch pipe, but preliminary survey data shows the pipe to be eight inches. Additional survey information is needed to confirm the actual size of the existing pipe. The project would include installation of an eight-inch sewer lateral for Building 1 at an existing manhole on the north side of San Mateo Avenue, connecting to the existing sewer line in San Mateo Avenue. Additionally, the project would include installation of a six-inch sewer lateral for Building 2 at an existing manhole within the sidewalk on the south side of San Mateo Avenue, connecting to the existing sewer in San Mateo Avenue. Stormwater The City of South San Francisco also owns and maintains the storm drain system adjacent to the site. Site 1 currently drains to the existing storm drain system in San Mateo Avenue, which flows to a 24-inch outfall to Colma Creek (Outfall #3). A portion of Site 2 also drains to the 24-inch outfall (Outfall #3). Other portions of Site 2 drain to three separate 15-inch outfalls to Colma Creek (Outfalls #1, #2, and #4). The proposed project would include the relocation of the 24-inch stormwater pipe that runs through Site 2 and the associated easement dedicated to the City to the western edge of the site, and connection to the existing 24-inch Outfall #3. Outfall #3 would not need to be modified. Runoff from Building 2 would drain to an existing privately-owned and maintained 15-inch pipe and then to the existing 15-inch Outfall #4. Runoff from at-grade areas of Site 2 would drain to the existing 24-inch storm drain and ultimately to Outfall #3. It is noted that in the post-project condition no flow from the project site would be directed to Outfalls #1 and #2. The project would include a storm drain connection for Building 1 by way of a new manhole installed on the existing storm drainpipe in San Mateo Avenue. The proposed project would also provide a storm drain connection for Building 2 by way of a new manhole on the private storm drainpipe in Site 2. Per the Municipal Regional Stormwater Permit Order No. R2-0074, certain “Special Projects” are eligible for Low Impact Design (LID) Treatment Reduction Credits. The LID Treatment Reduction Credit is the maximum percentage of the amount of runoff that may be treated with non-LID treatment measures, such as tree-box-type high flowrate biofilters or vault-based high flowrate media filters. The project sites are classified as a Category C Special Project (transit-oriented development) and qualifies for a 75 percent LID treatment reduction. The proposed project would treat stormwater from the project site using a combination of a self-retaining areas, bioretention within the podium level courtyards, and two at-grade media filters. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 13 June 2021 Figure 6 Landscaping Plan 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 14 June 2021 Figure 7 Open Space Areas 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 15 June 2021 Per the Countywide Hydromodification Control Area Map in the San Mateo County C.3 Stormwater Technical Guidance Appendix H, the proposed project would not be subject to hydromodification requirements.1 Water The potable water distribution system in the project area is owned and operated by the California Water Service Company. An eight-inch water line currently exists within San Mateo Avenue adjacent to the site; a six-inch water line is located in a portion of Airport Boulevard adjacent to the south end of Site 1; a six-inch water line is located in a portion of Produce Avenue adjacent to the north end of Site 2; and a 12-inch water line is located in Produce Avenue adjacent to Site 2. Based on the building size and construction type, three fire hydrants would be required to serve the proposed buildings. The project would include the installation of six new fire hydrants adjacent to the project site: • One hydrant on the east side of Building 1, served from the six-inch water line in Airport Boulevard • Two hydrants on the south side of Building 1 and one hydrant on the north side of Building 2, each served from the eight-inch water line in San Mateo Avenue • Two hydrants on the east side of Building 2, each served from the 12-inch water line in Produce Avenue Based on preliminary fire flow information from the California Water Service Company, flow and pressure in the existing water mains are sufficient to provide acceptable fire flow. For each of the buildings, the project would include a 5/8-inch irrigation service, a six-inch domestic water service, and an eight-inch fire service. These service laterals would be connected to the existing eight- inch water main in San Mateo Avenue. Site Access Site 1 would include two vehicular access points in the same approximate locations of the existing driveways, one of which is located at the site’s southern boundary along San Mateo Avenue, and the second of which is located at the site’s eastern boundary, along Airport Boulevard. These two access points would provide direct vehicle access to the Building 1 parking garage. Two additional smaller driveways would be included for service vehicle use only (e.g., transformer/electrical maintenance). The project would also include construction of a new sidewalk along the Airport Boulevard and San Mateo Avenue frontages, with pedestrian connection points providing access to the building. Site 2 would also include two vehicular access points in the same approximate locations as the existing driveways, one of which is located at the site’s northern boundary along San Mateo Avenue, and the second of which is located at the site’s eastern boundary, along Produce Avenue. These two access points would provide direct vehicle access to the Building 2 parking garage. One additional driveway would be included for service vehicle use only. The project would also include construction of a new sidewalk along the Produce Avenue and San Mateo Avenue frontages, pedestrian connection points providing access to the building. 1 San Mateo Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program. C.3 Stormwater Technical Guidance: Version 3.2 [Page H-3]. January 4, 2013. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 16 June 2021 New left-turn lanes on westbound and eastbound San Mateo Avenue would be installed, as well as medians, to ensure safe turning movements can be made into the project driveways. Off-Site Improvements Pursuant to the recommendations of the project-specific transportation study, the proposed project includes the removal of the northwestern and southwestern slip lanes at the intersection of Airport Boulevard/San Mateo Avenue/Produce Avenue. In addition to removing the slip lanes, the project would add directional curb ramps, stripe high-visibility continental crosswalks, and stripe southbound and eastbound bicycle lane approaches at the intersection. Removing slip lanes would result in a tighter turn radius, which would help slow right-turning vehicles, providing a safer experience for bicycles and pedestrians. Enhanced crosswalks would also provide shorter crossing distances for pedestrians, reducing pedestrian exposure to vehicle traffic. Construction Construction is anticipated to begin in April of 2022 and continue over the course of three years. Demolition would occur over the first 30 days of construction, and would require the removal of 93,775-sf of building material. During site preparation, approximately 100 cubic yards (CY) of material would be exported, and during grading, approximately 16,517 CY would be imported and 26,172 CY would be exported. Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Program The project would include a Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Plan intended to help alleviate congestion on local roadways. A TDM has been prepared for the project by Hexagon Transportation Consultants (see Appendix H). The TDM measures for the project were developed consistent with the City of South San Francisco – DSASP goals to “provide for a balanced mix of travel modes – including pedestrians, bicyclists, transit and automobiles.” TDM measures could include but are not limited to, providing a designated transportation coordinator, provision of secure long-term bicycle parking, bike repair standards/kiosks, carpool/vanpool incentives, subsidized transit passes, car share programs, etc. The TDM is subject to review and approval by the City. Discretionary Actions Implementation of the proposed project would require City approval of the following entitlements: • General Plan Amendment (GPA); • Downtown Station Area Specific Plan Amendment; • Rezone; • Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Program: The project would include a TDM Program intended to help alleviate congestion on local roadways. Common TDM measures could include: preferential parking for electric vehicles, on-site EV changing stations, unbundled residential parking, vanpool or carpool services, and public transit information kiosks in building lobbies. The TDM would require City approval; • Site Plan – Design Review: Per Section 20.480.002 of the City’s Municipal Code, the proposed project would be subject to Design Review by the City. Specifically, the site plan would be analyzed based on the physical features of the proposed project, including, but not limited to, the following elements: building proportions and architectural details; site design, orientation location; size, location, and arrangement of on-site parking; exterior colors and materials; and location and type of landscaping. The purpose of the regulations is to ensure that development throughout the City is designed to support General Plan 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 17 June 2021 policies and to promote high-quality design, well-crafted and maintained buildings and landscaping, the use of high-quality building materials, and attention to the design and execution of building details and amenities in both public and private projects; • Density Bonus: The project will include a 20 percent density bonus as allowed by the State Density Bonus Law; and • Tree Removal Permit. D. CEQA STREAMLINING The California State Legislature has adopted statutory provisions to enable streamlined environmental review for “transit priority projects” that are consistent with the general use designation, density, building intensity, and applicable policies specified for the project area in either a “sustainable communities strategy” or an “alternative planning strategy”. (Public Resources Code sections 21155 et seq.). For the project region, the applicable regional transportation plan/sustainable communities strategy is Plan Bay Area One, adopted by the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) on July 26, 2017.2 Under section 21155(a), to receive streamlining benefits, a transit priority project must also be consistent with the general use designation, density, building intensity, and applicable policies specified in a sustainable communities strategy. The project would qualify for streamlining if it is consistent with such land use designation, requirements and policies under Plan Bay Area One. Here, Plan Bay Area One does not identify individual land use designations, nor does it impose specific density or building intensity standards. Instead, the Plan divides the Plan area among Priority Development Areas (PDAs), Priority Conservation Areas (PCAs), and Transit Priority Areas (TPAs). PDAs and TPAs are areas designated for future growth and development.3 PDAs and TPAs are similar in that both focus on access to transit service and are appropriately planned for growth. The major difference is how they are designated: A PDA is identified by a local agency for adoption by ABAG; a TPA is defined based on criteria in state law. PCAs are open spaces that provide agricultural, natural resource, scenic, recreational, and/or ecological values and ecosystem functions. As shown in Table 1.2-8 of the Plan Bay Area EIR, the land use growth footprint covers 18,700 acres of land in the Bay Area. Within that area 7,400 acres, or approximately 40 percent of the land use growth footprint, would be located in TPAs. Approximately half of the land use growth footprint would be located within PDAs. As further indicated in Table 1.2-8, the land use growth footprint of San Mateo County contains 170 acres of land designated TPA, including the project site; therefore, the project is consistent with the growth projections and development policies in the Plan Bay Area One. Because the project site is located within a TPA that is part of the land use growth footprint for Plan Bay Area One (refer to Figure 8), the project is consistent with the land use and development assumptions within the Plan. The project is also consistent with the other applicable policies in 2 As required by Senate Bill 375, all metropolitan regions in California must complete a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS) as part of a Regional Transportation Plan. In the Bay Area, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) and the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) are jointly responsible for developing and adopting a SCS that integrates transportation, land use and housing to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets set by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). 3 PDAs are specific geographic areas that meet the following criteria: 1) within an existing community; 2) within walking distance of frequent transit service; 3) designated for more housing in a locally adopted plan or identified by a local government for future planning and potential growth; and 4) nominated through a resolution adopted by a City Council or County Board of Supervisors. Staff recommendations are presented to ABAG’s Regional Planning Committee for approval and then to ABAG’s Executive Board for regional adoption. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 18 June 2021 Plan Bay Area One, as demonstrated below in Table 3. It should be noted that the Plan Bay Area One does not explicitly include policies, but rather action items. In the absence of specific policies, this document will address project consistency with the action items included in Plan Bay Area One. Under section 21155(b), a project must meet the following criteria to qualify as a transit priority project: (1) contain at least 50 percent residential use, based on total building square footage and, if the project contains between 26 percent and 50 percent nonresidential uses, a floor area ratio of not less than 0.75; (2) provide a minimum net density of at least 20 dwelling units per acre; and (3) be within one-half mile of a major transit stop or high-quality transit corridor included in a regional transportation plan. A major transit stop is as defined in Section 21064.3, except that, for purposes of this section, it also includes major transit stops that are included in the applicable regional transportation plan. For purposes of section 21155, a high-quality transit corridor means a corridor with fixed route bus service with service intervals no longer than 15 minutes during peak commute hours. A project shall be considered to be within one-half mile of a major transit stop or high-quality transit corridor if all parcels within the project have no more than 25 percent of their area farther than one-half mile from the stop or corridor and if not more than 10 percent of the residential units or 100 units, whichever is less, in the project are farther than one-half mile from the stop or corridor. With respect to criterion 1, the project contains 100 percent residential uses, with a total of 480 multi-family units. Total residential building square footage is 406,889 sf, with an additional 109,237 sf for amenity, circulation, and services, and 227,569 sf of podium parking. The floor area ratio (FAR) for Building 1 is 2.81 and the FAR for Building 2 is 2.92. Therefore, the project meets criterion 1. With respect to criterion 2, the project provides a net density of 116.5 dwelling units per acre (480 total units / 4.12 total acres). This includes a net density of 114.8 dwelling units per acre for Site 1 (294 units/2.56 acres) and 119.2 dwelling units per acre for Site 2 (186 units/1.56 acres). Therefore, the project meets criterion 2. With respect to criterion 3, the project site is located within one-half (0.5) mile of both the existing and the proposed new South San Francisco Caltrain Station (See Figure 9). Both Caltrain stations are considered to be major transit stops by the MTC/ABAG.4 The existing and proposed relocated Caltrain Station meet the major transit stop criteria of PRC 21064.3 because the stops are considered rail transit stations.5 4 See http://opendata.mtc.ca.gov/datasets/major-transit-stops-2017?geometry=-122.430%2C37.648%2C- 122.372%2C37.660; Accessed April 5, 2020. 5 According to PRC 21064.3, “Major transit stop” means a site containing an existing rail transit station, a ferry terminal served by either a bus or rail transit service, or the intersection of two or more major bus routes with a frequency of service interval of 15 minutes or less during the morning and afternoon peak commute periods. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 19 June 2021 Figure 8 Transit Priority Areas as Identified by the MTC Source: Metropolitan Transportation Commission GIS. Transit Priority Areas (2017) Available at: http://opendata.mtc.ca.gov/datasets/d97b4f72543a40b2b85d59ac085e01a0_0?geometry=-122.461%2C37.641%2C-122.346%2. Project Site 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 20 June 2021 Figure 9 Major Transit Stops Source: Fehr and Peers. 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 21 June 2021 The proposed new Caltrain station, known as the South San Francisco Caltrain Improvement Project, is currently under construction and anticipated for completion in Summer 2021. The Caltrain project involves replacing the existing South San Francisco Station towards the south, on the other side of Grand Avenue, with a new center-boarding platform connecting to a pedestrian underpass. The project consists of track work, signal work, a new 700-foot center board platform with amenities and connectivity to a new pedestrian underpass from the platform to Grand Avenue and Industrial Way. While the new station platform will only be moved approximately 600 feet (0.1 miles) to the south of the existing platform, the new station access portal at the intersection of Airport Boulevard and Grand Avenue will be approximately 1,100 feet (0.2 miles) closer to the project site than the existing station access point, and continuous sidewalks will exist between the new station and the project site. Because the project meets all three criteria of section 21155(b), it qualifies as a transit priority project. Moreover, because the project is a transit priority project and is consistent with Plan Bay Area One, it qualifies for CEQA streamlining under PRC Sections 21155 (a) and (b). The available streamlining benefits include, but are not limited to: 1. Review through a sustainable communities environmental assessment (SCEA). (PRC, § 21155.2) 2. The SCEA is not required to reference, describe, or discuss (1) growth inducing impacts, or (2) any project specific or cumulative impacts from cars and light-duty truck trips generated by the project on global warming or the regional transportation network. (PRC, § 21159.28, subd. (a).) In addition, where the leady agency determines that a cumulative impact has been adequately addressed and mitigated in a prior certified EIR, that cumulative impact shall not be treated as cumulatively considerable. (PRC, § 21155.2 subd. (b)(1).) 3. Alternative locations, densities, and building intensities to the proposed project need not be considered. (PRC, § 21159.28, subd. (b).) 4. Aesthetic and parking impacts should not be considered significant impacts on the environment. (PRC, § 21099, subd. (d)(1).) Projects within a TPA are identified by the MTC/ABAG and SB 375 as being Transit Priority Projects. Per PRC § 21099, subd. (d)(1) and PRC § 21159.28, subd. (a), Transit Priority Projects are not required to discuss the following environmental impact areas: 1. Aesthetics and parking; 2. Growth-inducing impacts; and 3. Project-specific or cumulative impacts from cars and light trucks generated by the project on GHG emissions or the regional roadway network. In addition, the below list of environmental impact areas represents those that can be dismissed based on the project’s urban infill location (e.g., Agricultural and Forestry Resources and Mineral Resources), or other relevant factors (see the following discussion regarding Population and Housing). 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 22 June 2021 4. Agricultural and Forestry Resources There are no agricultural or forestry resources on the project site or in the surrounding area, which is fully urbanized. Thus, the project has no potential for impacts to agricultural or forestry resources. 5. Mineral Resources There are no known mineral resources on the project site. The site is not designated for mineral resource recovery on any land use plan, and the proposed development would not result in the loss of availability of any mineral resources. Thus, the project has no potential for impacts to mineral resources. 6. Population and Housing The CEQA checklist questions under Population and Housing are listed below: a. Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (e.g., through projects in an undeveloped area or extension of major infrastructure)? b. Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere? Item ‘a’ focuses on growth-inducing impacts, which, pursuant to PRC, § 21159.28, subd. (a), is not a required topic for projects that qualify for CEQA Streamlining. Because the proposed project qualifies for CEQA Streamlining, this SCEA is not required to analyze growth-inducing impacts such as direct or indirect unplanned population growth in an area. Additionally, the project is consistent with and implements planned growth for the area, as documented in Plan Bay Area and the City’s land use plans. Item ‘b’ is related to the displacement of people or housing. The project site is currently developed with six single-story commercial buildings. Implementation of the project would involve the demolition of the on-site commercial buildings. However, considering the on- site buildings are not used as residences, demolition of the buildings would not displace existing people or housing. As such, implementation of the project would result in no impact related to Item ‘b’, and the item is hereby dismissed from further analysis within the SCEA. Plan Bay Area Consistency Discussion As discussed in further detail in Section D, CEQA Streamlining, the proposed project is consistent with the general land use and development assumptions within the Plan Bay Area One (hereafter referred to as “Plan Bay Area"). Table 3 includes a comparison of how the proposed project complies with applicable action items in the Plan Bay Area. The following action items apply to local jurisdictions. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 23 June 2021 Table 3 Project Consistency with Plan Bay Area Suggested Measure Consistency Discussion Housing Actions Advance regional “self-help” funding and financing solutions for housing: Develop a plan for generating regional revenues for the production and preservation of housing affordable to low- and moderate-income households (could include measures such as a parcel tax, commercial linkage fee or other dedicated funding). Evaluate the creation of innovative financing tools, such as a regional infill Infrastructure Bank, a land bank or a Regional Housing Trust Fund, to support new housing or infrastructure improvements. This action focuses on developing regional affordable housing strategies, which is beyond the scope of this project. The project will designate 10 percent as affordable/low-income. Therefore, the project would generally comply with the intent of this action item. Advance state legislative and funding solutions: Support state legislative or funding opportunities that advance the objectives of this Action Plan, including securing a permanent source of affordable housing funding, increasing community stabilization and lessening displacement risk, reducing costs and barriers to housing development, incentivizing developers to create workforce and low-income housing, incentivizing the creation of accessory dwelling units, as well as other measures that will contribute to increased supply of both market-rate and affordable housing. The proposed project would result in the production of 480 units of new housing. The project applicant is taking advantage of a density bonus by providing 10 percent of the units as affordable to Low Income households under the State Density Bonus Law, California Government Code section 65915. Therefore, the project would generally comply with the intent of this action item. Evaluate expanded policies connecting transportation funding to housing production and performance: Analyze the feasibility of incentivizing housing production with pertinent existing and new transportation funding sources, with particular emphasis on housing affordable to very low-, low- and moderate-income households as well as anti- displacement and community stabilization. Develop a strategy for the use of public land proximate to major transit assets to facilitate the development of housing affordable to low- and moderate-income households through conditions and provisions on funding sources. Report to the Commission on all discretionary funding sources where such housing provisions and conditions may be added. The proposed project would include the development of new housing, with 10 percent of the units designated as affordable, within close proximity to major transit assets (i.e., the Downtown Caltrain station). While the project would not analyze incentives or develop a strategy, as such action items act on the regional scale and are beyond the scope of this project, the project would generally comply with the intent of this action item. Provide technical assistance and best practices to local jurisdictions related to the transformation of “opportunity areas”: Assist local agencies as they envision upgrades to low-intensity office parks and retail centers to create mixed-use, mixed income neighborhoods with significant housing. As a TPA, the project site is located within an opportunity area for development. The redevelopment of the project site from low-intensity office to high-density residential with significant housing would directly comply with this suggested action item. Strengthen technical assistance and policy leadership for housing and community stabilization: Expand and transform regional agency technical assistance for local jurisdictions that is tailored to both Bay Area-wide challenges and challenges unique to specific parts of the The proposed project is considered a transit- oriented development, would include production of affordable housing, and is an infill redevelopment. As such, the project would generally comply with the intent of this action item. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 24 June 2021 Table 3 Project Consistency with Plan Bay Area Suggested Measure Consistency Discussion region, including best practices to support new housing (e.g., heights that support more units and allow projects to “pencil out” without compromising neighborhood character). Focus areas for technical assistance could include guidance on implementing state legislation for transit-oriented development and the production of housing affordable to low- and moderate-income households, guidance on housing preservation and locally appropriate community stabilization and anti-displacement policies, supporting healthy infill development, and coordination of neighboring jurisdictions along transit corridors and in subregions to identify shared solutions to housing challenges. Explore new and expanded community stabilization and anti-displacement policies to support low-income renters, including incentives for landlords to keep existing rents affordable. Economic Development Actions Coordinate regional economic solutions for growing and retaining businesses, particularly for middle-wage sectors: Identify areas of economic development that could benefit from a regional approach including connecting businesses with growth opportunities within the Bay Area; prioritizing transportation investments that directly grow local businesses; identifying solutions for workforce housing needs; and creating a forum for discussing skill gaps between existing community college programs and the needs of trade sectors. Because the proposed project would involve the demolition of the existing on-site commercial buildings, the project may result in a short-term adverse effect related to economic development. However, by developing housing in a TPA that includes studios and one- and two-bedroom units, the project would create workforce housing and support local businesses while reducing commute- associated VMT. Therefore, the project would generally comply with this action item. Increase transportation access to growing and potential job centers: Broaden core capacity transit study partnership to cover a larger geography to plan for major transportation capital investments; move forward on planning efforts for a second Transbay Tube and on construction efforts for the California High Speed Rail system; continue to evaluate a means-based fare or other methods for reducing or eliminating transportation costs for lower-wage workers and students; evaluate expanded support for local transit systems that address first-mile, last-mile problems; and evaluate transportation improvements that could facilitate downtown revitalization in areas needing economic development. This action item is focused on regional cooperation regarding future transportation capital investments and improvements, which is beyond the scope of this project. It is noted that the project, by introducing additional residents near the South San Francisco Caltrain station, provides expanded support for the station. Support regional growth by balancing housing, transit-oriented jobs, and industrial uses: Establish criteria for Priority Production Areas to encourage local jurisdictions to plan for space needed for manufacturing, distribution and repair and assess areas that could be converted to housing or mixed- use development; evaluate potential incentives The proposed project involves production of a transit-oriented residential development within a TPA, and would include the conversion of an area from commercial to housing. As such, the project would generally comply with the intent of this action item. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 25 June 2021 Table 3 Project Consistency with Plan Bay Area Suggested Measure Consistency Discussion that could be used to support companies that locate offices in transit-rich as opposed to auto- centric areas; and evaluate the use of last-mile transportation solutions to connect communities with warehouses and industrial jobs that cannot be located in downtowns due to land requirements. Resilience Actions Develop a regional governance strategy for climate adaptation projects: Develop an institutional strategy for managing, coordinating, and implementing regional and local projects related to climate change adaptation. This action item is focused on regional levels and, therefore, does not apply to the proposed project. Provide stronger policy leadership on resilient housing and infrastructure: Expand guidance on resilient housing policies for earthquake, flooding and fire, working in coordination with state and federal agencies and focusing on communities with high social vulnerability and exposure to natural hazards. Strengthen infrastructure lifelines to ensure that utilities can provide services under a variety of conditions and future scenarios. This action item is regional focused and, therefore, beyond the scope of this project. Nonetheless, the proposed project would comply with all relevant regulations related to earthquake, flood, and fire resilience. As such, the proposed project would generally comply with the intent of this action item. Expand the region’s network of natural infrastructure: Coordinate regional programs to preserve and expand natural features that reduce flood risk, strengthen biodiversity, enhance air quality, improve access to urban and rural public space, mitigate urban heat island effects, and enhance health. Leverage existing initiatives — including Priority Conservation Areas (PCAs), the Resilient by Design Challenge, the Bay Trail and other regional trails, San Francisco Estuary Partnership, and Bay Restoration Authority — and partner with special districts and cities. This action item is regional focused and, therefore, beyond the scope of this project. Because the proposed project would involve infill redevelopment within a TPA, the project would not conflict with this measure. Therefore, the project would generally comply with this action item. Source: Metropolitan Transportation Commission and Association of Bay Area Governments. Plan Bay Area 2040 EIR. Previous Relevant Environmental Analysis: Development within the project site and immediate area was assumed as part of the MTC/ABAG’s Plan Bay Area and analyzed as part of the cumulative conditions assumed in the Plan Bay Area EIR (SCH # 2016052041), certified July 26, 2017, and in the South San Francisco General Plan EIR (SCH # 97122030) adopted in 1999. Due to the age of the General Plan EIR, only those portions of the EIR that remain applicable, considering changes in the regulatory environment over the past 20 years, will be included in this SCEA. In addition, this analysis considers any revisions to the Plan Bay Area EIR as included in the Plan Bay Area Addendum to the Final EIR, adopted in May 2020. As noted in Section 2.0.4, Mitigation, of the Plan Bay Area EIR, mitigation is proposed throughout the Plan Bay Area EIR, where feasible, to reduce potentially significant environmental impacts. However, for some impacts, MTC/ABAG do not have regulatory or approval authority over the project and, therefore, cannot ensure implementation of the recommended mitigation measures. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 26 June 2021 In such cases, the Plan Bay Area EIR concludes that the impact would result in a significant and unavoidable impact. In order to rely on the Plan Bay Area EIR to streamline environmental review for an individual project, the lead agency must require the applicable mitigation measures as a part of the project- level environmental review. These commitments would obligate project sponsors to implement measures that would minimize or eliminate significant impacts pursuant to CEQA. The project sponsor or lead agency would be responsible for ensuring adherence to the mitigation measures during construction and operation of the project. Consequently, the Plan Bay Area EIR makes a distinction in characterizing impact significance after mitigation to reflect whether MTC is able to assume implementation of identified mitigation measures because it has the authority to impose the measures. Overall, the Plan Bay Area EIR may conclude that certain impacts would be significant and unavoidable due to the MTC/ABAG’s lack of authority to impose feasible mitigation, when, in fact, implementation of the suggested mitigation measure(s) would reduce such impacts to a less-than- significant level. As a result, some impacts which are deemed significant and unavoidable impacts under Plan Bay Area EIR will not be deemed as significant and unavoidable in this SCEA because the City will implement the mitigation measures, thereby rendering the impacts less than significant. E. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED The environmental factors checked below would be potentially affected by this project, involving at least one impact that is a “Potentially Significant Impact” as indicated by the checklist on the following pages. Air Quality Biological Resources Cultural Resources Energy Geology and Soils Hazards and Hazardous Materials Hydrology and Water Quality Land Use and Planning Public Services Recreation Noise Utilities and Service Systems Greenhouse Gas Emissions Transportation Wildfire Mandatory Findings of Significance Tribal Cultural Resources 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 27 June 2021 F. EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Following is the environmental checklist form (also known as an “Initial Study”) presented in Appendix G of the State CEQA Guidelines. The checklist form is used to describe the impacts of the project. A discussion follows each environmental issue identified in the checklist, with the exception of those issue areas that are exempt from analysis for Transit Priority Projects (i.e., aesthetics; agricultural and forestry resources; mineral resources; population and housing; growth-inducing impacts; and project-specific or cumulative impacts from cars and light trucks generated by the project on GHG emissions or the regional roadway network). Included in each discussion are project-specific mitigation measures recommended as part of the project, if necessary, to reduce an identified impact. For this checklist, the following designations are used: Potentially Significant: An impact that could be significant, and for which mitigation has not been identified. If any potentially significant impacts are identified, an EIR must be prepared. An SCEA cannot be used in the case of a project for which this conclusion is reached in any impact category. Less Than Significant With Mitigation Incorporated: This designation applies where applicable and feasible mitigation measures previously identified in prior applicable EIRs have reduced an effect from “Potentially Significant Impact” to a “Less Than Significant Impact”, and pursuant to Section 21155.2 of the PRC, those measures are incorporated into the SCEA IS. In each impact section of the SCEA IS checklist below, applicable mitigation measures from the City of South San Francisco General Plan EIR and Plan Bay Area EIR are identified, and where feasible, identified for incorporation into the project. It is noteworthy that the General Plan EIR incorporates General Plan policies in the form of mitigation measures. In this way, the General Plan is a “self-mitigating” document. Other than General Plan policies, there are no additional mitigation measures identified in the General Plan EIR. This designation also applies where the incorporation of new project-specific mitigation measures not previously identified in prior applicable EIRs has reduced an effect from “Potentially Significant Impact” to a “Less Than Significant Impact.” Less Than Significant: Any impact that would not be considered significant under CEQA, relative to existing standards specific to each environmental issue. No Impact: The project would not have any impact. The below summary table presents mitigation measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR. Due to the programmatic nature of the Plan Bay Area EIR, many of the mitigation measures are broad in scope and their applicability needs to be determined through project-specific environmental review. This SCEA determines the applicability of Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation measures to the proposed project. Such applicability is noted in the below table. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 28 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation I. AIR QUALITY a. Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? b. Would the project result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? LTS None 2.2-2. When screening levels are exceeded (see Table 2.2-8 [of the Plan Bay Area EIR] or those most currently updated by BAAQMD), implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where applicable, feasible, and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations, that include, but are not limited to the following: Construction Best Practices for Exhaust: • The applicant/general contractor for the project shall submit a list of all off-road equipment greater than 25 horsepower (hp) that would be operated for more than 20 hours over the entire duration of project construction, including equipment from subcontractors, to BAAQMD for review and certification. The list shall include all information necessary to ensure the equipment meets the following requirement: o 1) Be zero emissions OR 2) have engines that meet or exceed The proposed project would exceed the operational criteria pollutant screening size, as presented in Table 2.2-8 of the Plan Bay Area EIR. However, it is noted that the project’s modeled emissions would be below the BAAQMD’s thresholds of significance for construction, as demonstrated in Table 5 of this SCEA IS. Nevertheless, given the project’s reliance on the Plan Bay Area EIR for CEQA streamlining purposes, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-2 is applicable to the proposed project. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 29 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation either EPA or ARB Tier 2 off-road emission standards; and 3) have engines that are retrofitted with an ARB Level 3 Verified Diesel Emissions Control Strategy (VDECS), if one is available for the equipment being used. Equipment with engines that meet Tier 4 Interim or Tier 4 Final emission standards automatically meet this requirement; therefore, a VDECS would not be required. o Idling time of diesel- powered construction equipment and trucks shall be limited to no more than two minutes. Clear signage of this idling restriction shall be provided for construction workers at all access points. o All construction equipment shall be maintained and properly tuned in accordance with the manufacturers’ specifications. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 30 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation o Portable diesel generators shall be prohibited. Grid power electricity should be used to provide power at construction sites; or propane and natural gas generators may be used when grid power electricity is not feasible. Construction Best Practices for Dust: • All exposed surfaces (e.g., parking areas, staging areas, soil piles, graded areas, and unpaved access roads) shall be watered two times per day. For projects over five acres in size, soil moisture should be maintained at a minimum of 12 percent. Moisture content can be verified by lab samples or a moisture probe. • All haul trucks transporting soil, sand, or other loose material off-site shall be covered. • All visible mud or dirt track-out onto adjacent public roads shall be removed using wet power vacuum street sweepers at least once per 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 31 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation day. Dry power sweeping should only be performed in conjunction with thorough watering of the subject roads. • All vehicle speeds on unpaved roads and surfaces shall be limited to 15 mph. • All roadway, driveway, and sidewalk paving shall be completed as soon as possible. Building pads shall be paved as soon as possible after grading. • All construction sites shall provide a posted sign visible to the public with the telephone number and person to contact at the Lead Agency regarding dust complaints. The recommended response time for corrective action shall be within 48 hours. BAAQMD’s Complaint Line (1-800-334-6367) shall also be included on posted signs to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. • All excavation, grading, and/or demolition activities shall be suspended when average wind speeds exceed 20 mph. • Wind breaks (e.g., trees, fences) shall be installed on the windward side(s) of 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 32 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation actively disturbed areas of construction. Wind breaks should have at maximum 50 percent air porosity. • Vegetative ground cover (e.g., fast-germinating native grass seed) shall be planted in disturbed areas as soon as possible and watered appropriately until vegetation is established. • The simultaneous occurrence of excavation, grading, and ground-disturbing construction activities on the same area at any one time shall be limited. Activities shall be phased to reduce the amount of disturbed surfaces at any one time. • All trucks and equipment, including their tires, shall be washed off before leaving the site. • Site accesses to a distance of 100 feet from the paved road shall be treated with a 6- to 12-inch compacted layer of wood chips, mulch, or gravel. • Sandbags or other erosion control measures shall be installed to prevent silt runoff to public roadways from sites with a slope greater than one percent. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 33 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation These BMPs are consistent with recommendations in BAAQMD’s CEQA Guidelines and Planning Healthy Places (BAAQMD 2010b, BAAQMD 2016). Applicable mitigation measures shall be required at the time grading permits are issued. c. Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? S None 2.2-5(a). When locating sensitive receptors in TAC risk areas, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to the following: • Install, operate and maintain in good working order a central heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system or other air intake system in the building, or in each individual unit, that meets or exceeds a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of 13 (MERV-16 for projects located in the West Oakland Specific Plan area)6 or higher. The HVAC system shall include the following features: Installation of a high While the effects of TACs on future residents is beyond the scope of CEQA, insofar as it pertains to the environment’s effect on the project, this issue has been addressed given the SCEA’s reliance on the Plan Bay Area EIR for CEQA streamlining purposes. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2- 5(a) is programmatic in nature, providing a menu of options that may be considered on a project-specific basis to reduce TAC risks. Based upon the findings of the project- specific Health Risk Assessment (see Section I(c), Air Quality), certain refinements to Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-5(a) were determined appropriate, with the same net effect of reducing the impact to a less-than- significant level. Project-specific Mitigation Measure I-1 below represents the modified mitigation measure. LTS 6 Note: Reference to “West Oakland Specific Plan” is from the adopted Mitigation Measure language. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 34 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation efficiency filter and/or carbon filter to filter particulates and other chemical matter from entering the building. Either high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters or American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air- Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) certified 85% supply filters shall be used. • Maintain, repair and/or replace HVAC system on an ongoing and as needed basis or shall prepare an operation and maintenance manual for the HVAC system and the filter. The manual shall include the operating instructions and the maintenance and replacement schedule. This manual shall be included in the Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions (CC&Rs) for residential projects and/or distributed to the building maintenance staff. In addition, the applicant shall prepare a separate homeowners manual. The manual shall contain the operating instructions and the maintenance and I-1 Prior to approval of project improvement plans, the project applicant shall demonstrate compliance with the following design features to the satisfaction of the City: • Install, operate and maintain in good working order a central heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system or other air intake system in the building, or in each individual unit, that meets or exceeds a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of 13 or higher. The HVAC system shall include the following features: Installation of a high efficiency filter and/or carbon filter to filter particulates and other chemical matter from entering the building. Either high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters or American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air- Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) certified 85 percent supply filters shall be used. • Maintain, repair and/or replace HVAC system on an 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 35 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation replacement schedule for the HVAC system and the filters. • Install passive electrostatic filtering systems with low air velocities (i.e., less than 1 mph). • Individual and common exterior open space and outdoor activity areas proposed as part of individual projects shall be located as far away as possible within the project site boundary, face away major freeways, and shall be shielded from the source (i.e., the roadway) of air pollution by buildings or otherwise buffered to further reduce air pollution for project occupants. • Locate air intakes and design windows to reduce PM exposure (e.g., windows nearest to the roadway do not open). • If sensitive receptors are located near a distribution center, residents shall not be located immediately adjacent to a loading dock or where trucks concentrate to deliver goods. • Sensitive receptors within buildings shall be located in areas upwind of major ongoing and as needed basis, and prepare an operation and maintenance manual for the HVAC system and the filter. The manual shall include the operating instructions and the maintenance and replacement schedule. This manual shall be included in the Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions (CC&Rs) for residential projects and/or distributed to the building maintenance staff. In addition, the applicant shall prepare a separate homeowners manual. The manual shall contain the operating instructions and the maintenance and replacement schedule for the HVAC system and the filters. • Individual and common exterior open space and outdoor activity areas proposed as part of individual projects shall be located as far away as possible within the project site boundary, face away major freeways, and shall be shielded from the source (i.e., the roadway) of air 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 36 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation roadway traffic to reduce exposure to reduce cancer risk levels and exposure to PM2.5. • Planting trees and/or vegetation between sensitive receptors and pollution source. Trees that are best suited to trapping PM shall be planted, including one or more of the following species: Pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima), Cypress (X Cupressocyparis leylandii), Hybrid popular (Populus deltoids X trichocarpa), California pepper tree (Schinus molle) and Redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens). • Loading docks shall be required to include electric hookups for visiting trucks. • Idling of heavy-duty diesel trucks at these locations shall be prohibited or limited to no more than 2 minutes. • If within the project site, existing and new diesel generators shall meet ARB’s Tier 4 emission standards. • Emissions from diesel trucks shall be reduced through establishing truck routes to avoid residential neighborhoods or other land pollution by buildings or otherwise buffered to further reduce air pollution for project occupants. • Planting trees and/or vegetation between sensitive receptors and pollution source. Trees that are best suited to trapping PM shall be planted, including one or more of the following species: Pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima), Cypress (X Cupressocyparis leylandii), Hybrid popular (Populus deltoids X trichocarpa), California pepper tree (Schinus molle) and Redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens). • Idling of heavy-duty diesel trucks at these locations shall be prohibited or limited to no more than 2 minutes. • If within the project site, existing and new diesel generators shall meet CARB’s Tier 4 emission standards. Based on the project-specific analysis in this SCEA, the following additional measure is required: 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 37 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation uses serving sensitive populations, such as hospitals, schools, and child care centers. A truck route program, along with truck calming, parking and delivery restrictions, shall be implemented to direct traffic activity at non-permitted sources and large construction projects. These BMPs are consistent with recommendations in BAAQMD’s CEQA Guidelines and Planning Healthy Places (BAAQMD 2011, BAAQMD 2016). I-2. Prior to the issuance of any construction permits, the project applicant shall contract with a qualified geologist to prepare an evaluation for the potential presence of Naturally-Occurring Asbestos (NOA). If NOA is not discovered during the survey, further mitigation related to NOA is not required. If NOA is discovered during the survey, the project applicant shall prepare an Asbestos Dust Mitigation Plan, pursuant to § 93105, Title 17, California Code of Regulations, and subject to approval by BAAQMD. The applicant shall submit the Asbestos Dust Mitigation Plan to the City’s Planning Division for review and approval. d. Would the project result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people? LTS None None None N/A II. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES a. Would the project have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or S None None applicable based on the project- specific analysis conducted in this SCEA. II-1. The project applicant shall ensure that a qualified biologist conduct a pre-construction survey for nesting birds within a 250-foot buffer around the project site boundaries, if LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 38 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? feasible, not more than 14 days prior to site disturbance during the breeding season (February 1st to August 31st). If site disturbance commences outside the breeding season, a pre-construction survey for nesting birds is not required. The project applicant shall submit survey results to the City’s Planning Division prior to initiation of any ground disturbance. If active nests of migratory birds are not detected within approximately 250 feet of the project site, further mitigation is not required. II-2. If nesting raptors or other migratory birds are detected on or adjacent to the site during the survey, the project applicant shall be responsible for establishing an appropriate construction-free buffer around all active nests. Actual size of buffer would be determined by the project biologist, and would depend on species, topography, and type of activity that would occur in the vicinity of the nest. Typical buffers are 25 feet for non-raptors and up to 250 feet for raptors. The project buffer would be monitored periodically by the project biologist to ensure compliance. The project applicant shall ensure that these buffer distances and monitoring 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 39 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation requirements are met. After the nesting is completed, as determined by the biologist, the buffer would no longer be required. The project applicant shall also ensure that these buffers remain in place for the duration of the breeding season or until a qualified biologist has confirmed that all chicks have fledged and are independent of their parents. b. Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, and regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or US Fish and Wildlife Service? c. Would the project have a substantial adverse effect on state or NI None None applicable based on the project- specific analysis conducted in this SCEA. None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 40 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means? d. Would the project interfere substantially with the movement of any resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of wildlife nursery sites? LTS None None applicable based on the project- specific analysis conducted in this SCEA. None N/A e. Would the project conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 41 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? f. Would the project conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Conservation Community Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan? NI None None None N/A III. CULTURAL RESOURCES a. Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to Section 15064.5? LTS None 2.11-2. Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement the following measures where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • Before construction activities, project sponsors shall retain a qualified archaeologist to conduct a record search at the appropriate Information Center to determine whether Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11- 2 is applicable to the proposed project. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 42 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation b. Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a unique archaeological resource pursuant to Section 15064.5? c. Would the project disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of dedicated cemeteries. the project area has been previously surveyed and whether resources were identified. When recommended by the Information Center, project sponsors shall retain a qualified archaeologist to conduct archaeological surveys before construction activities. Project sponsors shall follow recommendations identified in the survey, which may include activities such as subsurface testing, designing and implementing a Worker Environmental Awareness Program, construction monitoring by a qualified archaeologist, avoidance of sites, or preservation in place. • In the event that evidence of any prehistoric or historic-era subsurface archaeological features or deposits are discovered during construction-related earth- moving activities (e.g., ceramic shard, trash scatters, lithic scatters), all ground- disturbing activity in the area of the discovery shall be halted until a qualified archaeologist can assess the significance of the find. If the 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 43 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation find is a prehistoric archeological site, the appropriate Native American group shall be notified. If the archaeologist determines that the find does not meet the CRHR standards of significance for cultural resources, construction may proceed. If the archaeologist determines that further information is needed to evaluate significance, a data recovery plan shall be prepared. If the find is determined to be significant by the qualified archaeologist (i.e., because the find is determined to constitute either an historical resource or a unique archaeological resource), the archaeologist shall work with the project applicant to avoid disturbance to the resources, and if complete avoidance is not feasible in light of project design, economics, logistics, and other factors, follow accepted professional standards in recording any find including submittal of the standard DPR Primary Record forms (Form DPR 523) and location information 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 44 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation to the appropriate California Historical Resources Information System office for the project area. • Project sponsors shall comply with existing local regulations and policies that exceed or reasonably replace any of the above measures that protect archaeological resources. IV. ENERGY a. Would the project result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation? b. Would the project conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 45 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation energy efficiency? V. GEOLOGY AND SOILS Would the project directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: ai. Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 46 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation Geology Special Publication 42. aii. Strong seismic ground shaking? a.iii Would the project directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving seismic- related ground failure, including liquefaction? S None None V-1. Prior to approval of construction permits, the applicant shall retain a qualified geologist to prepare a site- specific design-level geotechnical exploration as part of the design process. The exploration shall include laboratory soil testing to provide additional data for preparation of specific recommendations regarding the following items: • Grading, existing fill removal, and fill compaction; • Consolidation settlement; • Liquefaction settlement; • Ground lurching; • Lateral spreading; • Site Specific Seismic Hazard Analysis (if required); • Foundation design; • Retaining walls; • Site drainage and landscaping irrigation; and • Pavement recommendations. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 47 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation The project applicant shall submit results of the design-level geotechnical exploration to the City’s Planning Division and/or City Engineer for review and approval. a.iv Would the project directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving landslides? LTS None None None N/A b. Would the project result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? LTS None None None N/A c. Would the project be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral S None None Implement Mitigation Measure V-1. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 48 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse? d. Would the project be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property? LTS None None None N/A e. Would the project have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater? NI None None None N/A f. Would the project directly or indirectly LTS None 2.11-3. Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures where feasible and As described in further detail in Section V, Geology and Soils, of this SCEA, a records search of the UC Berkeley Museum of LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 49 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • Before construction activities, project sponsors shall conduct a record search using an appropriate database, such as the UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology to determine whether the project area has been previously surveyed and whether resources were identified. • If record searches indicate that the project is located in an area likely to contain important paleontological, and/or geological resources, such as sedimentary rocks which have yielded significant terrestrial and other fossils, project sponsors shall retain a qualified paleontologist to train all construction personnel involved with earthmoving activities about the possibility of encountering fossils. The appearance and types of fossils likely to be seen during construction will be described. Construction personnel will be trained about the proper notification Paleontology was conducted and determined that known fossils do not exist on the project site. As such, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-3 has already been implemented. No further mitigation is required. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 50 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation procedures should fossils be encountered. • If paleontological resources are discovered during earthmoving activities, the construction crew will be directed to immediately cease work in the vicinity of the find and notify the implementing agencies and/or project sponsors. The project sponsor will retain a qualified paleontologist for identification and salvage of fossils so that construction delays can be minimized. The paleontologist will be responsible for implementing a recovery plan which could include the following: o in the event of discovery, salvage of unearthed fossil remains, typically involving simple excavation of the exposed specimen but possibly also plaster- jacketing of large and/or fragile specimens, or more elaborate quarry excavations of richly fossiliferous deposits; 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 51 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation o recovery of stratigraphic and geologic data to provide a context for the recovered fossil remains, typically including description of lithologies of fossil- bearing strata, measurement and description of the overall stratigraphic section, and photographic documentation of the geologic setting; o laboratory preparation (cleaning and repair) of collected fossil remains to a point of curation, generally involving removal of enclosing rock material, stabilization of fragile specimens (using glues and other hardeners), and repair of broken specimens; o cataloging and identification of prepared fossil remains, typically involving scientific identification of specimens, inventory 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 52 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation of specimens, assignment of catalog numbers, and entry of data into an inventory database; o transferal, for storage, of cataloged fossil remains to an appropriate repository, with consent of property owner; o preparation of a final report summarizing the field and laboratory methods used, the stratigraphic units inspected, the types of fossils recovered, and the significance of the curated collection; and o project sponsors shall comply with existing local regulations and policies that exceed or reasonably replace any of the above measures that protect paleontological or geologic resources. VI. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS a. Would the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or LTS None None applicable based on the project- specific analysis conducted in this SCEA. None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 53 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? b. Would the project conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gasses? VII. HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS a. Would the project create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? LTS None None None N/A b. Would the project create a significant hazard to the LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 54 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the likely release of hazardous materials into the environment? c. Would the project emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? NI None None None N/A d. Would the project be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous NI None 2.13-4 Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: Consistent with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.13-4, a Phase I ESA was prepared for the proposed project. Overall, the Phase I ESA did not identify any Recognized Environmental Conditions (RECs), nor any existing on-site or off-site NI 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 55 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? • If the project is located on or near a hazardous materials and/or waste site pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5, or has the potential for residual hazardous materials and/or waste as a result of location and/or prior uses, the project sponsor shall prepare a Phase I ESA in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials’ E-1527-05 standard. For work requiring any demolition or renovation, the Phase I ESA shall make recommendations for any hazardous building materials survey work that shall be done. All recommendations included in a Phase I ESA prepared for a site shall be implemented. If a Phase I ESA indicates the presence or likely presence of contamination, the implementing agency shall require a Phase II ESA, and recommendations of the Phase II ESA shall be fully implemented. hazards that could be exacerbated by development of the project. As such, preparation of a Phase II ESA is not warranted. Additional information regarding the results of the Phase I ESA is available in Section VII, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, of this SCEA. Based on the above, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.13-4 has been fully implemented. No further mitigation is required. e. For a project located within an airport land use LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 56 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area? f. Would the project impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? LTS None None None N/A g. Would the project expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to the risk of loss, injury or death LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 57 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation involving wildland fires? VIII. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY a. Would the project violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality? LTS None None None N/A b. Would the project substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin? e. Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 58 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan? Would the project substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: c.i Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site; c.ii Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 59 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation flooding on- or offsite; or c.iii Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff? c.iv Would the project substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which NI None 2.5-4(c). Implementing agencies shall require project sponsors to incorporate the appropriate adaptation strategy or strategies to reduce the impacts of sea level rise on specific local transportation and land use development projects, where feasible, based on project- and site- specific considerations. Potential adaptation strategies are included in the Adaptation Strategies (see Appendix F of this [Plan Bay Area] Draft EIR). While the effects of sea level rise on future residents is beyond the scope of CEQA, insofar as it pertains to the environment’s effect on the project, this issue has been addressed given the SCEA’s reliance on the Plan Bay Area EIR for CEQA streamlining purposes. Consistent with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.5-4(c), a Technical Memorandum regarding Sea Level Rise Strategy was prepared for the proposed project by BKF Engineers.7 The Plan Bay Area 2040 EIR determined that sea level rise projections for the year 2050 range from 4.8 and 23.9 inches. The floor elevations of NI 7 BKF Engineers. Technical Memorandum: PS Business Parks – Sea Level Rise Strategy. March 22, 2021. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 60 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation would impede or redirect flood flows? the proposed buildings have been designed to elevation 12.90 feet and 13.10 feet above sea level. Considering that the proposed building elevations are approximately three feet above the current 100-year base flood elevation and approximately one foot above the current 500-year base flood elevation, the proposed project, as currently designed, reduces the potential impacts from sea level rise to a less than significant level by elevating the building finished floors above the 2050 sea level rise projections. The minimum floor elevations above will be imposed as a condition of approval on the project. As a result, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.5-4(c) has already been implemented. No further mitigation is required. d. Would the project, in flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation? NI None None None N/A IX. LAND USE AND PLANNING a. Would the project physically divide an established community? LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 61 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation b. Would the project cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? X. NOISE a. Would the project result in generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies? LTS None 2.6-1(a). To reduce construction noise levels, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall: • comply with local construction-related noise standards, including restricting construction activities to permitted hours as defined under local jurisdiction regulations (e.g.; Alameda County Code restricts construction noise to between 7:00 am and 7:00 pm on weekdays and between 8:00 am and 5:00 pm on weekend); Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6- 1(a) is applicable to the proposed project. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 62 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation • properly maintain construction equipment and outfit construction equipment with the best available noise suppression devices (e.g. mufflers, silencers, wraps); • prohibit idling of construction equipment for extended periods of time in the vicinity of sensitive receptors; • locate stationary equipment such as generators, compressors, rock crushers, and cement mixers a minimum of 50 feet from sensitive receptors, but further if possible; • erect temporary construction- noise barriers around the construction site when adjacent occupied sensitive land uses are present within 75 feet; • use noise control blankets on building structures as buildings are erected to reduce noise emission from the site; and • use cushion blocks to dampen impact noise from pile driving. 2.6-2. For all new development that could be located within the 70 dBA CNEL noise contour of a roadway (within 270 feet of the roadway’s centerline Although not required by CEQA, consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR, the applicant shall prepare a transportation noise study, based on the final development plans for the 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 63 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation based on freeways with the greatest volumes in the region), a site specific noise study shall be conducted by a qualified acoustical engineer or noise specialist, to evaluate noise exposure at new receptors and recommend appropriate measures to reduce noise exposure. To reduce exposure from traffic-noise, lead agencies and/or project sponsors shall consider mitigation measures including, but not limited to those identified below: • design adjustments to proposed roadway or transit alignments to reduce noise levels in noise sensitive areas (e.g., below-grade roadway alignments can effectively reduce noise levels in nearby areas); • use techniques such as landscaped berms, dense plantings, reduced-noise paving materials, and traffic calming measures in the design of their transportation improvements; • contribute to the insulation of buildings or construction of noise barriers around sensitive receptor properties adjacent to the transportation improvement; project. The City shall review and approve the transportation noise study prior to issuance of building permits. The transportation noise study shall comply with the requirements of Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation measures 2.6-3(a), 2.6-3(b), and 2.6-4(a). The removal of the northwestern and southwestern slip lanes at the existing intersection of Airport Boulevard/San Mateo Avenue/Produce Avenue, is a safety-related improvement and would not increase vehicle capacity of the roadway. Thus, these improvements would not noticeably increase vehicle traffic noise, and the transportation related measures of this mitigation measure are not applicable. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 64 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation • use land use planning measures, such as zoning, restrictions on development, site design, and buffers to ensure that future development is noise compatible with adjacent transportation facilities and land uses; • construct roadways so that they are depressed below- grade of the existing sensitive land uses to create an effective barrier between new roadway lanes, roadways, rail lines, transit centers, park- n- ride lots, and other new noise generating facilities; and • maximize the distance between noise-sensitive land uses and new noise- generating facilities and transportation systems. 2.6-3(a). When finalizing development project site plans, noise-sensitive outdoor use areas shall be sited as far away from adjacent noise sources as possible and site plans shall be designed to shield noise-sensitive spaces with buildings or noise barriers whenever possible. 2.6-3(b). When finalizing development project site plans or transportation project 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 65 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation design, sufficient setback between occupied structures and the railroad tracks shall be provided to minimize noise exposure to the extent feasible. 2.6-4(a). When finalizing site plans for a development or transportation project, implementing agencies shall conduct a project-level noise and vibration assessments for new residential or other sensitive land uses to be located within 200 feet of an existing rail line. These studies shall be conducted by a qualified acoustical engineer or noise specialist to determine vibration levels at these projects and recommend feasible mitigation measures (e.g., insulated windows and walls, sound walls or barriers, distance setbacks, or other construction or design measures) that would reduce vibration-noise to an acceptable level. 2.6-5. To reduce exposure to new and existing sensitive receptors from non-transportation noise associated with projected development, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and Two emergency generators may be utilized on-site, and thus, the first bullet of Plan Bay Area Mitigation Measure 2.6-5 is applicable to the proposed project. As discussed in Section X, Noise, the proposed buildings would include mechanical equipment generally associated with building ventilation, such as rooftop air- 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 66 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • Local agencies approving land use projects shall require that routine testing and preventive maintenance of emergency electrical generators be conducted during the less sensitive daytime hours (per the applicable local municipal code). Electrical generators or other mechanical equipment shall be equipped with noise control (e.g., muffler) devices in accordance with manufacturers’ specifications. • Local agencies approving land use projects shall require that external mechanical equipment, including HVAC units, associated with buildings incorporate features designed to reduce noise to below 70 dBA CNEL or the local applicable noise standard. These features may include, but are not limited to, locating equipment within equipment rooms or enclosures that incorporate noise reduction features, such as acoustical louvers, and exhaust and intake silencers. conditioning units, ventilation fans, and heat pumps. According to the Technical Noise Study, the mechanical noise from the proposed heat pumps and dedicated outside air system would not generate enough noise to exceed the applicable General Plan noise level standards. As a result, this SCEA demonstrates compliance with the second bullet of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6-5. No further mitigation is required. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 67 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation Equipment enclosures shall be oriented so that major openings (i.e., intake louvers, exhaust) are directed away from nearby noise-sensitive receptors. b. Would the project result in generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? LTS None 2.6-1(b). To reduce construction vibration levels, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall comply with the following: • to minimize disturbance of receptors within 550 feet of pile-driving activities, implement “quiet” pile-driving technology (such as pre- drilling of piles and the use of more than one pile driver to shorten the total pile driving duration), where feasible, in consideration of geotechnical and structural requirements and conditions; and • to reduce structural damage, where pile driving is proposed within 50 feet of an older or historic building, engage a qualified geotechnical engineer and qualified historic preservation professional (for designated historic buildings only) and/or structural engineer to conduct a pre- construction assessment of existing subsurface Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6- 1(b) is applicable to the proposed project. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 68 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation conditions and the structural integrity of nearby (i.e., within 50 feet) historic structures that would be exposed to pile- driving activity. If recommended by the pre- construction assessment, for structures or facilities within 50 feet of pile-driving activities, the project sponsors shall require ground vibration monitoring of nearby historic structures. Such methods and technologies shall be based on the specific conditions at the construction site such as, but not limited to, the pre-construction surveying of potentially affected historic structures and underpinning of foundations of potentially affected structures, as necessary. The preconstruction assessment shall include a monitoring program to detect ground settlement or lateral movement of structures in the vicinity of pile-driving activities and identify corrective measures to be taken should monitored vibration levels indicate the potential for building damage. In the event 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 69 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation of unacceptable ground movement with the potential to cause structural damage, all impact work shall cease and corrective measures shall be implemented to minimize the risk to the subject, or adjacent, historic structure. c. For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? LTS None 2.6-6. To reduce exposure from airport- related noise, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: Local lead agencies for all new development proposed to be located within an existing airport influence zone, as defined by the locally adopted airport land use compatibility plan or local general plan, shall require a site-specific noise compatibility. The study shall consider and evaluate existing aircraft noise, based on specific aircraft activity data for the airport in question, and shall include recommendations for site design and building construction to ensure compliance with interior noise levels of 45 dBA CNEL, such that the potential for sleep disturbance is minimized. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6- 6 is applicable to the proposed project. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 70 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation XII. PUBLIC SERVICES Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: a. Fire protection? b. Police protection? c. Schools? LTS None 2.14-1. Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include but are not limited to: • Prior to approval of new development projects, local agencies shall ensure that adequate public services, and related infrastructure and utilities, will be available to meet or satisfy levels identified in the applicable local general plan or service master plan, through compliance with existing local policies related to minimum levels of service for schools, police protection, fire protection, medical emergency services, and other government services (e.g., libraries, prisons, social services). Compliance may include requiring projects to either provide the additional services required to meet service levels, or pay fees towards the project’s fair share portion of the required services pursuant to adopted fee programs and State law. As described in further detail in Section XII, Public Services, of this SCEA, adequate public services exist to serve the proposed project. As such, this SCEA demonstrates compliance with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.14-1. No further mitigation is required. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 71 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation d. Parks? e. Other Public Facilities? XIII. RECREATION a. Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? b. Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? LTS None None applicable based on the project- specific analysis conducted in this SCEA. None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 72 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation XIV. TRANSPORTATION a. Would the project conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities? LTS None None None N/A b. Would the project conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)? LTS None 2.1-3(b). Transportation demand management (TDM) strategies shall be incorporated into individual land use and transportation projects and plans, as part of the planning process. Local agencies shall incorporate strategies identified in the Federal Highway Administration’s publication: Integrating Demand Management into the Transportation Planning Process: A Desk Reference (August 2012) into the planning process (FHWA 2012). For example, the following strategies may be included to encourage use of transit and non- motorized modes of transportation and reduce vehicle miles traveled on the region’s roadways: A TDM has been prepared for the proposed project, and is included as Appendix H to this SCEA. The City will require implementation of the TDM as part of the project conditions of approval. As such, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.1- 3(b) has been fully implemented. No further mitigation is required. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 73 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation • include TDM mitigation requirements for new developments; • incorporate supporting infrastructure for non- motorized modes, such as, bike lanes, secure bike parking, sidewalks, and crosswalks; • provide incentives to use alternative modes and reduce driving, such as, universal transit passes, road and parking pricing; • implement parking management programs, such as parking cash-out, priority parking for carpools and vanpools; • develop TDM-specific performance measures to evaluate project-specific and system-wide performance; • incorporate TDM performance measures in the decision-making process for identifying transportation investments; • implement data collection programs for TDM to determine the effectiveness of certain strategies and to measure success over time; and 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 74 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation • set aside funding for TDM initiatives. The increase in per capita VMT on facilities experiencing LOS F represents a significant impact compared to existing conditions. To assess whether implementation of these specific mitigation strategies would result in measurable traffic congestion reductions, implementing actions may need to be further refined within the overall parameters of the proposed Plan and matched to local conditions in any subsequent project-level environmental analysis. c. Would the project substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? S None 2.1-7. Implementing agencies shall require implementation of best practice strategies regarding construction activities on the transportation system and apply recommended applicable mitigation measures as defined by state and federal agencies. Examples of mitigation measures include, but are not limited to, the following: • prepare a transportation construction plan for all phases of construction; • establish construction phasing/staging schedule and sequence that minimizes impacts of a work zone on XIII-1. Prior to final certificate of occupancy, the applicant shall design and construct the following off-site improvement to the satisfaction of the City to reduce hazards to project-generated person trips: • The project shall remove the northwestern and southwestern slip lanes at the intersection of Airport Boulevard/San Mateo Avenue/Produce Avenue, as identified in the design concepts by the City of South San Francisco shown in Figure 3-1 of the LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 75 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation traffic by using operationally- sensitive phasing and staging throughout the life of the project; • identify arrival/departure times for trucks and construction workers to avoid peak periods of adjacent street traffic and minimize traffic affects; • identify optimal delivery and haul routes to and from the site to minimize impacts to traffic, transit, pedestrians, and bicyclists; • identify appropriate detour routes for bicycles and pedestrians in areas affected by construction; • coordinate with local transit agencies and provide for relocation of bus stops and ensure adequate wayfinding and signage to notify transit users; • preserve emergency vehicle access; • implement public awareness strategies to educate and reach out to the public, businesses, and the community concerning the project and work zone (e.g., brochures and mailers, press releases/media alerts); Transportation Impact Analysis. This mitigation would replace these slip lanes with tighter curb radii, add directional curb ramps, stripe high-visibility continental crosswalks, and stripe southbound and eastbound bicycle lane approaches at the intersection. Removing slip lanes would help slow right-turning vehicles, providing a safer experience for bicycles and pedestrians. Enhanced crosswalks will also provide shorter crossing distances for pedestrians, reducing their exposure to vehicle traffic. The project shall review existing intersection signal timing and adjust if necessary, to accommodate the new pedestrian crossing times. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 76 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation • provide a point of contact for residents, employees, property owners, and visitors to obtain construction information, and provide comments and questions; • provide current and/or real- time information to road users regarding the project work zone (e.g., changeable message sign to notify road users of lane and road closures and work activities, temporary conventional signs to guide motorists through the work zone); and • encourage construction workers to use transit, carpool, and other sustainable transportation modes when commuting to and from the site. d. Would the project result in inadequate emergency access? LTS None None None N/A XV. TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined LTS None Implement Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-2. 2.11-5. If the implementing agency determines that a project may cause a substantial adverse change to a TCR, and measures are not The City of South San Francisco has provided notification of the proposed project to Tribes identified by the Native American Heritage Commission, pursuant to PRC Section 21080.3.2. No Tribe requested consultation. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 77 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American Tribe, and that is: a. Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k). b. A resource determined by the lead agency, otherwise identified in the consultation process required under PRC Section 21080.3.2, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement the following measures where feasible and necessary to address site- specific impacts to avoid or minimize the significant adverse impacts: • Within 14 days of determining that a project application is complete, or to undertake a project, the lead agency must provide formal notification, in writing, to the tribes that have requested notification of proposed projects in the lead agency’s jurisdiction. If it wishes to engage in consultation on the project, the tribe must respond to the lead agency within 30 days of receipt of the formal notification. The lead agency must begin the consultation process with the tribes that have requested consultation within 30 days of receiving the request for consultation. Consultation concludes when either: 1) the parties agree to measures to mitigate or avoid a significant effect, if a significant effect exists, on a The remaining requirements of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-5 will be carried out if necessary (e.g., TCRs are found during construction). 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 78 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe. tribal cultural resource, or 2) a party, acting in good faith and after reasonable effort, concludes that mutual agreement cannot be reached. • Public agencies shall, when feasible, avoid damaging effects to any TCR (PRC Section 21084.3 (a).). If the lead agency determines that a project may cause a substantial adverse change to a tribal cultural resource, and measures are not otherwise identified in the consultation process, new provisions in the PRC describe mitigation measures that, if determined by the lead agency to be feasible, may avoid or minimize the significant adverse impacts (PRC Section 21084.3 (b)). • Examples include: A. Avoidance and preservation of the resources in place, including, but not limited to, planning and construction to avoid the resources and protect the cultural and natural context, or 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 79 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation planning greenspace, parks, or other open space, to incorporate the resources with culturally appropriate protection and management criteria. B. Treating the resource with culturally appropriate dignity taking into account the tribal cultural values and meaning of the resource, including, but not limited to, the following:  Protecting the cultural character and integrity of the resource  Protecting the traditional use of the resource  Protecting the confidentiality of the resource. C. Permanent conservation easements or other interests in real property, with culturally appropriate management criteria 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 80 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation for the purposes of preserving or utilizing the resources or places. D. Protecting the resource. XVI. UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS a. Would the project require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment, or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunicati ons facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects? LTS None 2.12-3(a). Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project-and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • During the design and CEQA review of individual future projects, implementing agencies and project sponsors shall determine whether sufficient stormwater drainage facilities exist for a proposed project. These CEQA determinations must ensure that the proposed development can be served by its existing or planned drainage capacity. If adequate stormwater drainage facilities do not exist, project sponsors shall coordinate with the appropriate utility and service provider to ensure that adequate facilities could accommodate the increased As part of this CEQA analysis, it has been determined that sufficient stormwater drainage, water supply, and wastewater treatment facilities exist to serve the proposed project. Therefore, this SCEA demonstrates compliance with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.12-3(a) and 2.12-4. Refer to Section XVI, Utilities and Service Systems, of this SCEA IS for additional information. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 81 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation demand, and if not, infrastructure and facility improvements shall be identified in each project’s CEQA determination. The relevant public service provider or utility shall be responsible for undertaking project-level review as necessary to provide CEQA clearance for new facilities. • For projects of greater than 1 acre in size, reduce stormwater runoff caused by construction by implementing stormwater control best practices, based on those required for a SWPPP. • Model and implement a stormwater management plan or site design that prevents the post-development peak discharge rate and quantity from exceeding predevelopment rates. 2.12-4. Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • For projects that could increase demand on water 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 82 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation and wastewater treatment facilities, project sponsors shall coordinate with the relevant service provider to ensure that the existing public services and utilities could accommodate the increase in demand. If the current infrastructure servicing the project site is found to be inadequate, infrastructure improvements for the appropriate public service or utility shall be identified in each project’s CEQA documentation. The relevant public service provider or utility shall be responsible for undertaking project-level review as necessary to provide CEQA clearance for new facilities. Further, Mitigation Measures 2.12- 1(a), 2.12-1(b), 2.12-1(c), and 2.12-2 would reduce water demand and wastewater generation, and subsequently reduce the need for new or expanded water and wastewater treatment facilities. Mitigation Measures 2.12-3(a), 2.12-3(b), and 2.12-3(c) would also mitigate the impact of additional stormwater runoff from land 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 83 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation use and transportation projects on existing wastewater treatment facilities. 2.12-3(b) Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • Transportation projects shall incorporate stormwater control, retention, and infiltration features, such as detention basins, bioswales, vegetated median strips, and permeable paving, early into the design process to ensure that adequate acreage and elevation contours are planned. Mitigation Measure 2.12-3(b) pertains to incorporating drainage facilities in the design of transportation projects, and thus, will be required by the City as a project condition of approval, with respect to the Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue/San Mateo Avenue intersection improvements. b. Would the project have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, LTS None 2.12-1(a) Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • For projects that could increase demand for water, project sponsors shall coordinate with the relevant water service provider to As part of this CEQA analysis, it has been determined that sufficient water supply is available to serve the proposed project and other existing and future development. Therefore, this SCEA demonstrates compliance with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.12-1(a). Refer to Section XVI, Utilities and Service Systems, of this SCEA IS for additional information. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 84 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation dry, and multiple dry years? ensure that the provider has adequate supplies and infrastructure to accommodate the increase in demand. If the current infrastructure servicing the project site is found to be inadequate, infrastructure improvements shall be identified in each project’s CEQA documentation. • Implement water conservation measures which result in reduced demand for potable water. This could include reducing the use of potable water for landscape irrigation (such as through drought-tolerant plantings, water-efficient irrigation systems, the capture and use of rainwater) and the use of water-conserving fixtures (such as dual-flush toilets, waterless urinals, reduced flow faucets). • Coordinate with the water provider to identify an appropriate water consumption budget for the size and type of project, and designing and operating the project accordingly. • For projects located in an area with existing reclaimed water 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 85 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation conveyance infrastructure and excess reclaimed water capacity, use reclaimed water for non-potable uses, especially landscape irrigation. For projects in a location planned for future reclaimed water service, projects should install dual plumbing systems in anticipation of future use. Large developments could treat wastewater onsite to tertiary standards and use it for non-potable uses onsite. 2.12-1(b) Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall require the construction phase of transportation projects to connect to reclaimed water distribution systems for non-potable water needs, when feasible based on project- and site-specific considerations. 2.12-1(c) Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall require transportation projects with landscaping to use drought- resistant plantings or connect to reclaimed water distribution systems for irrigation and other non-potable water needs when available and feasible based on Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.12-1(b) and (c) are related to water conservation during design and construction of transportation projects, and would be required by the City of South San Francisco in the project’s conditions of approval, to the extent they are applicable to the improvements at the intersection of Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue/San Mateo Avenue. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 86 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation project- and site-specific considerations. c. Would the project result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments? LTS None 2.12-2. Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement mitigation measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • During the design and CEQA review of individual future projects, implementing agencies and project sponsors shall determine whether sufficient wastewater treatment capacity exists for a proposed project. These CEQA determinations must ensure that the proposed development can be served by its existing or planned treatment capacity. If adequate capacity does not exist, project sponsors shall coordinate with the relevant service provider to ensure that adequate public services and utilities could accommodate the increased demand, and if not, infrastructure improvements for the appropriate public service or utility shall be identified in each project’s CEQA As part of this CEQA analysis, it has been determined that adequate wastewater treatment facilities exist to serve the proposed project. Therefore, this SCEA demonstrates compliance with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.12-2. Refer to Section XVI, Utilities and Service Systems, of this SCEA IS for additional information. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 87 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation documentation. The relevant public service provider or utility shall be responsible for undertaking project-level review as necessary to provide CEQA clearance for new facilities. • Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall also require compliance with Mitigation Measure 2.12-1(a), and MTC shall require implementation of Mitigation Measures 2.12-1(b), and/or 2.12-1(c) listed under Impact 2.12-1, as feasible based on project- and site-specific considerations to reduce water usage and, subsequently, wastewater flows. d. Would the project generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals? LTS None 2.12-5. Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • providing an easily accessible area that is dedicated to the collection and storage of non- hazardous recycling materials • maintaining or re-using existing building structures and materials during building Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.12- 5 is applicable to the proposed project. LTS 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 88 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation e. Would the project comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? renovations and redevelopment • using salvaged, refurbished or reused materials, to help divert such items from landfills • for transportation projects, diverting construction waste from landfills, where feasible, through means such as: o the submission and implementation of a construction waste management plan that identifies materials to be diverted from disposal o establishing diversion targets, possibly with different targets for different types and scales of development o helping developments share information on available materials with one another, to aid in the transfer and use of salvaged materials; and • applying the specifications developed by the Construction Materials Recycling Association (CMRA) to assist contractors and developers in diverting materials from construction 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 89 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation and demolition projects, where feasible (RMC 2006). XVII. WILDFIRE If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project: a. Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? b. Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 90 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation spread of a wildfire? c. Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment? d. Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 91 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation drainage changes? XVI. MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE a. Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 92 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation California history or prehistory? b. Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? ("Cumulatively considerable" means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects)? c. Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human LTS None None None N/A 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study N/A = Not Applicable; NI = No Impact; LTS = Less-than-Significant; S = Significant; Mitigation Measures presented in red text have already been implemented. Page 93 June 2021 Summary Table CEQA Checklist Question Level of Signif- icance Before Mitigation General Plan EIR Mitigation Measures Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures Project-Specific Applicability and/or Mitigation Measures Level of Signifi- cance After Mitigation beings, either directly or indirectly? 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 94 June 2021 G. DETERMINATION On the basis of this initial evaluation: I find that the project COULD NOT have a significant effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. I find that although the project could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because revisions in the project have been made by or agreed to by the applicant. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. I find that the project MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required. I find that the project MAY have a “potentially significant impact” or “potentially significant unless mitigated” on the environment, but at least one effect 1) has been adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and 2) has been addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis as described on attached sheets. An ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required, but it must analyze only the effects that remain to be addressed. I find that although the project could have a significant effect on the environment, because all potentially significant effects (a) have been analyzed adequately in an earlier EIR pursuant to applicable standards, and (b) have been avoided or mitigated pursuant to that earlier EIR, including revisions or mitigation measures that are imposed upon the project, nothing further is required. I find that the project is a qualified “transit priority project” that satisfies the requirements of Sections 21155 and 21155.2 of the Public Resources Code (PRC), and/or a qualified “residential or mixed use residential project” that satisfies the requirements of Section 21159.28(d) of the PRC, and although the project could have a potentially significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case, because this Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment (SCEA) Initial Study identifies measures that either avoid or mitigate to a level of insignificance all potentially significant or significant effects of the project. __________________________________ Signature Date Tony Rozzi City of South San Francisco____________ Printed Name For 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 95 June 2021 I. AIR QUALITY. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than-Significant Impact No Impact a. Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan?     b. Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non- attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard?     c. Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations?     d. Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people?     Environmental Setting The City of South San Francisco is located at the northerly border of the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin (SFBAAB), which is under the jurisdiction of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). The SFBAAB area is currently designated as a nonattainment area for the State and federal ozone, State and federal fine particulate matter 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), and State respirable particulate matter 10 microns in diameter (PM10) ambient air quality standards (AAQS). The SFBAAB is designated attainment or unclassified for all other AAQS. It should be noted that on January 9, 2013, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued a final rule to determine that the Bay Area has attained the 24-hour PM2.5 federal AAQS. Nonetheless, the Bay Area must continue to be designated as nonattainment for the federal PM2.5 AAQS until such time as the BAAQMD submits a redesignation request and a maintenance plan to the USEPA, and the USEPA approves the proposed redesignation. In compliance with regulations, due to the nonattainment designations of the area, the BAAQMD periodically prepares and updates air quality plans that provide emission reduction strategies to achieve attainment of the AAQS, including control strategies to reduce air pollutant emissions through regulations, incentive programs, public education, and partnerships with other agencies. The current air quality plans are prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) and the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG). The most recent federal ozone plan is the 2001 Ozone Attainment Plan, which was adopted on October 24, 2001 and approved by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) on November 1, 2001. The plan was submitted to the USEPA on November 30, 2001 for review and approval. The most recent State ozone plan is the 2017 Clean Air Plan, adopted on April 19, 2017. The 2017 Clean Air Plan was developed as a multi-pollutant plan that provides an integrated control strategy to reduce ozone, PM, toxic air contaminants (TACs), and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Although a plan for achieving the State PM10 standard is not required, the BAAQMD has prioritized measures to reduce PM in developing the control strategy for the 2017 Clean Air Plan. The control strategy serves as the backbone of the BAAQMD’s current PM control program. The aforementioned air quality plans contain mobile source controls, stationary source controls, and transportation control measures to be implemented in the region to attain the State and federal AAQS within the SFBAAB. Adopted BAAQMD rules and regulations, as well as the thresholds of significance, have been developed with the intent to ensure continued attainment of AAQS, or to work towards attainment of AAQS for which the area is currently designated nonattainment, consistent with applicable air quality plans. The BAAQMD’s established significance thresholds associated with development projects for emissions of the ozone precursors reactive organic gases (ROG) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), as well as for PM10, and 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 96 June 2021 PM2.5, expressed in pounds per day (lbs/day) and tons per year (tons/yr), are listed in Table 4. Thus, by exceeding the BAAQMD’s mass emission thresholds for construction or operational emissions of ROG, NOX, PM10, or PM2.5 a project would be considered to conflict with or obstruct implementation of the BAAQMD’s air quality planning efforts. Table 4 BAAQMD Thresholds of Significance Pollutant Construction Operational Average Daily Emissions (lbs/day) Average Daily Emissions (lbs/day) Maximum Annual Emissions (tons/year) ROG 54 54 10 NOx 54 54 10 82 82 15 PM2.5 (exhaust) 54 54 10 Source: BAAQMD, CEQA Guidelines, May 2017. In addition to criteria air pollutants, toxic air contaminants (TACs) are a category of environmental concern. TACs are present in many types of emissions with varying degrees of toxicity. Sources of TACs include industrial processes such as petroleum refining and chrome plating operations, commercial operations such as gasoline stations and dry cleaners, and motor vehicle exhaust. Cars and trucks release at least 40 different TACs. In terms of health risks, the most volatile contaminants are diesel particulate matter (DPM), benzene, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene and acetaldehyde. Gasoline vapors contain several TACs, including benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Public exposure to TACs can result from emissions from normal operations as well as accidental releases. Health risks from TACs are a function of both the concentration of emissions and the duration of exposure, which typically are associated with long-term exposure and the associated risk of contracting cancer. Health effects of exposure to TACs other than cancer include birth defects, neurological damage, and death. Some land uses are considered more sensitive to air pollution than others, due to the types of population groups or activities involved. Heightened sensitivity may be caused by health problems, proximity to the emissions source, and/or duration of exposure to air pollutants. Children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with existing health problems are especially vulnerable to the effects of air pollution. Accordingly, land uses that are typically considered to be sensitive receptors include residences, schools, childcare centers, playgrounds, retirement homes, convalescent homes, hospitals, and medical clinics. Existing sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the project site are the single-family residences to the northwest, with the closest being approximately 500 feet away. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR The General Plan EIR addressed the potential effects of buildout of the General Plan on ambient air quality and the potential for exposure of people, especially sensitive receptors such as children or the elderly, to unhealthy pollutant concentrations. See General Plan EIR Chapter 4.4. a,b,c. The General Plan EIR analyzed the potential for implementation of the General Plan to conflict with the applicable air quality plan, which was determined to be the 1991 Clean Air Plan, under Impact 4.4-b. The 1991 Clean Air Plan has since been superseded, and the most recent applicable air quality plan is now the 2017 Clean Air Plan. As such, the analysis included in the General Plan EIR under Impact 4.4-b is now outdated, and is not considered further in this SCEA IS. Nonetheless, the following General Plan policies still apply to all new development projects throughout the City: 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 97 June 2021 • 7.3-G-1: Continue to work toward improving air quality and meeting all national and State ambient air quality standards and by reducing the generation of air pollutants both from stationary and mobile sources, where feasible. • 7.3-G-2: Encourage land use and transportation strategies that promote use of alternatives to the automobile for transportation, including bicycling, bus transit and carpooling. • 7.3-G-3: Minimize conflicts between sensitive receptors and emissions generators by distancing them from one another. • 4.1-G-5: Make efficient use of existing transportation facilities and, through the arrangement of land uses, improved alternate modes, and enhanced integration of various transportation systems serving South San Francisco, strive to reduce the total vehicle-miles traveled. • 7.3-I-1: Cooperate with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District to achieve emissions reductions for nonattainment pollutants and their precursors, including carbon monoxide, ozone, and PM-10, by implementation of air pollution control measures as required by State and federal statutes. • 7.3-I-2: Use the City's development review process and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) regulations to evaluate and mitigate the local and cumulative effects of new development on air quality. d. The General Plan EIR analyzed potential impacts related to dust, including PM10, during construction activities (Impact 4.4-a). Construction activities would comply with General Plan Policy 7.3-I-3 as follows: • 7.3-I-3: Adopt the standard construction dust abatement measures included in BAAQMD’s CEQA Guidelines. With implementation of Policy 7.3-I-3, development under the General Plan was concluded to result in a less-than-significant impact related to the emissions of dust affecting a substantial number of people. Mitigation Measures from the General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.2 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impacts to Air Quality that may result from implementation of the proposed plan. The Plan Bay Area EIR also discloses and summarizes the human health impacts that may result from specific pollutants. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to conflicting with or obstructing an applicable air quality plan, which was determined to be the 2010 and Draft 2017 Clean Air Plan (Impact 2.2-1). As noted in the Plan Bay Area EIR, projected growth under the Plan could result in the generation of additional emissions from stationary and mobile sources. However, considering the goal of the Plan is to reduce GHGs from the transportation sector and focus growth in areas that are served by public transit, the growth expected to occur under the Plan would be consistent with the goals and measures in the 2010 and 2017 Clean Air Plans. As such, the Plan Bay Area would result in a less-than- significant impact. The Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that implementation of the Plan 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 98 June 2021 would not conflict with or obstruct the implementation of any applicable air quality plan for CAAQS or NAAQS. b. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed potential impacts related to a net increase of criteria pollutants during construction (Impact 2.2-2) and operations from on-road mobile and land use sources (Impact 2.2-3). As noted under Impact 2.2-2, construction activities related to implementation of the Plan could result in a substantial increase in criteria pollutants. However, implementation of Mitigation Measure 2.2-2, which requires compliance with all feasible construction best practices for exhaust and dust, would reduce the potential impact to a less-than-significant level. Impact 2.2-3 discusses whether implementation of the Plan would generate a net increase in criteria pollutants from on-road mobile and land use sources. As noted therein, the Plan would result in a net decrease in ROG, NOX, and CO emissions, but an anticipated net increase in PM emissions, when compared to buildout without adoption of the Plan. The impact would be potentially significant. However, Mitigation Measures 2.2-3(a) through 2.2-3(d) would help reduce PM emissions from mobile and area-sources, and would reduce impacts to a less-than-significant level. c. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to the exposure of sensitive receptors to substantial TAC concentrations in Impacts 2.2-4 and 2.2-5. Impact 2.2-4 concluded that because the Plan would result in an overall reduction in TAC emissions compared to buildout without adoption of the Plan, a less-than-significant impact would occur. However, as noted under Impact 2.2-5, implementation of the Plan could place new sensitive receptors in areas where TAC concentrations could result in cancer risk levels greater than 100 in a million. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-5 (related to reducing TAC exposure), and there may be instances in which site- specific or project-specific conditions preclude the reduction of all project impacts to less- than-significant, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impact would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, and the mitigation reduces the impact below the applicable exposure criteria, the project’s impact related to TACs would be less than significant. In the case of the proposed project, the City will implement the required mitigation to ensure that potential impacts are reduced to a less-than-significant level. d. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to the creation of objectionable odors resulting from project operation or construction activities affecting a substantial number of people (Impact 2.2-7). As noted in the Plan Bay Area EIR, development associated with the Plan is primarily related to residential uses, commercial facilities, and transportation-related infrastructure projects. Because such projects would not introduce new operational sources of odors, impacts related to operational emissions of objectionable odors would not be substantial. Plan-related construction activities could result in the generation of odors from diesel exhaust or paving activities. However, construction would be temporary and would be regulated by all applicable BAAQMD requirements. As such, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that implementation of the Plan would not result in the generation of objectionable odors affecting a substantial amount of people, and a less-than-significant impact would occur. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 99 June 2021 Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-3(a) through 2.2-3(d) would not apply to the proposed project because the operational screening levels would not be exceeded. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.2-2 and 2.2-5(a) would apply to the project, subject to the refinements discussed in the project-specific mitigation measures: 2.2-2 When screening levels are exceeded (see Table 2.2-8 [of the Plan Bay Area EIR] or those most currently updated by BAAQMD), implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where applicable, feasible, and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations, that include, but are not limited to the following: Construction Best Practices for Exhaust: • The applicant/general contractor for the project shall submit a list of all off- road equipment greater than 25 horsepower (hp) that would be operated for more than 20 hours over the entire duration of project construction, including equipment from subcontractors, to BAAQMD for review and certification. The list shall include all information necessary to ensure the equipment meets the following requirement: o 1) Be zero emissions OR 2) have engines that meet or exceed either EPA or ARB Tier 2 off-road emission standards; and 3) have engines that are retrofitted with an ARB Level 3 Verified Diesel Emissions Control Strategy (VDECS), if one is available for the equipment being used. Equipment with engines that meet Tier 4 Interim or Tier 4 Final emission standards automatically meet this requirement; therefore, a VDECS would not be required. o Idling time of diesel-powered construction equipment and trucks shall be limited to no more than two minutes. Clear signage of this idling restriction shall be provided for construction workers at all access points. o All construction equipment shall be maintained and properly tuned in accordance with the manufacturers’ specifications. o Portable diesel generators shall be prohibited. Grid power electricity should be used to provide power at construction sites; or propane and natural gas generators may be used when grid power electricity is not feasible. Construction Best Practices for Dust: • All exposed surfaces (e.g., parking areas, staging areas, soil piles, graded areas, and unpaved access roads) shall be watered two times per day. For projects over five acres in size, soil moisture should be maintained at a minimum of 12 percent. Moisture content can be verified by lab samples or a moisture probe. • All haul trucks transporting soil, sand, or other loose material off-site shall be covered. • All visible mud or dirt track-out onto adjacent public roads shall be removed using wet power vacuum street sweepers at least once per day. Dry power 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 100 June 2021 sweeping should only be performed in conjunction with thorough watering of the subject roads. • All vehicle speeds on unpaved roads and surfaces shall be limited to 15 mph. • All roadway, driveway, and sidewalk paving shall be completed as soon as possible. Building pads shall be paved as soon as possible after grading. • All construction sites shall provide a posted sign visible to the public with the telephone number and person to contact at the Lead Agency regarding dust complaints. The recommended response time for corrective action shall be within 48 hours. BAAQMD’s Complaint Line (1-800-334-6367) shall also be included on posted signs to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. • All excavation, grading, and/or demolition activities shall be suspended when average wind speeds exceed 20 mph. • Wind breaks (e.g., trees, fences) shall be installed on the windward side(s) of actively disturbed areas of construction. Wind breaks should have at maximum 50 percent air porosity. • Vegetative ground cover (e.g., fast-germinating native grass seed) shall be planted in disturbed areas as soon as possible and watered appropriately until vegetation is established. • The simultaneous occurrence of excavation, grading, and ground- disturbing construction activities on the same area at any one time shall be limited. Activities shall be phased to reduce the amount of disturbed surfaces at any one time. • All trucks and equipment, including their tires, shall be washed off before leaving the site. • Site accesses to a distance of 100 feet from the paved road shall be treated with a 6- to 12-inch compacted layer of wood chips, mulch, or gravel. • Sandbags or other erosion control measures shall be installed to prevent silt runoff to public roadways from sites with a slope greater than one percent. These BMPs are consistent with recommendations in BAAQMD’s CEQA Guidelines and Planning Healthy Places (BAAQMD 2010b, BAAQMD 2016). Applicable mitigation measures shall be required at the time grading permits are issued. 2.2-5(a) When locating sensitive receptors in TAC risk areas, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to the following: • Install, operate and maintain in good working order a central heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system or other air intake system in the building, or in each individual unit, that meets or exceeds a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of 13 (MERV-16 for projects located in the West Oakland Specific Plan area) or higher. The HVAC system shall include the following features: Installation of a high efficiency filter and/or carbon filter to filter particulates and other chemical matter from entering the building. Either high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters or American 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 101 June 2021 Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) certified 85% supply filters shall be used. • Maintain, repair and/or replace HVAC system on an ongoing and as needed basis or shall prepare an operation and maintenance manual for the HVAC system and the filter. The manual shall include the operating instructions and the maintenance and replacement schedule. This manual shall be included in the Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions (CC&Rs) for residential projects and/or distributed to the building maintenance staff. In addition, the applicant shall prepare a separate homeowners manual. The manual shall contain the operating instructions and the maintenance and replacement schedule for the HVAC system and the filters. • Install passive electrostatic filtering systems with low air velocities (i.e., less than 1 mph). • Individual and common exterior open space and outdoor activity areas proposed as part of individual projects shall be located as far away as possible within the project site boundary, face away major freeways, and shall be shielded from the source (i.e., the roadway) of air pollution by buildings or otherwise buffered to further reduce air pollution for project occupants. • Locate air intakes and design windows to reduce PM exposure (e.g., windows nearest to the roadway do not open). • If sensitive receptors are located near a distribution center, residents shall not be located immediately adjacent to a loading dock or where trucks concentrate to deliver goods. • Sensitive receptors within buildings shall be located in areas upwind of major roadway traffic to reduce exposure to reduce cancer risk levels and exposure to PM2.5. • Planting trees and/or vegetation between sensitive receptors and pollution source. Trees that are best suited to trapping PM shall be planted, including one or more of the following species: Pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima), Cypress (X Cupressocyparis leylandii), Hybrid popular (Populus deltoids X trichocarpa), California pepper tree (Schinus molle) and Redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens). • Loading docks shall be required to include electric hookups for visiting trucks. • Idling of heavy-duty diesel trucks at these locations shall be prohibited or limited to no more than 2 minutes. • If within the project site, existing and new diesel generators shall meet ARB’s Tier 4 emission standards. • Emissions from diesel trucks shall be reduced through establishing truck routes to avoid residential neighborhoods or other land uses serving sensitive populations, such as hospitals, schools, and child care centers. A truck route program, along with truck calming, parking and delivery restrictions, shall be implemented to direct traffic activity at non-permitted sources and large construction projects. These BMPs are consistent with recommendations in BAAQMD’s CEQA Guidelines and Planning Healthy Places (BAAQMD 2011, BAAQMD 2016). 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 102 June 2021 Project-Specific Impact Discussion a,b. The most recent federal ozone plan is the 2001 Ozone Attainment Plan, which was adopted on October 24, 2001 and approved by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) on November 1, 2001. The most recent State ozone plan is the 2017 Clean Air Plan, adopted on April 19, 2017. The aforementioned air quality plans contain mobile source controls, stationary source controls, and transportation control measures to be implemented in the region to attain the State and federal AAQS within the SFBAAB. BAAQMD rules and regulations and the adopted thresholds of significance have been developed with the intent to ensure continued attainment of AAQS, or to work towards attainment of AAQS for which the area is currently designated nonattainment, consistent with applicable air quality plans. The BAAQMD’s established significance thresholds associated with development projects for emissions of the ozone precursors ROG and NOX, as well as for PM10 and PM2.5, are listed in Table 4, above. Thus, by exceeding the BAAQMD’s mass emission thresholds for operational emissions of ROG, NOX, PM10, or PM2.5, a project would be considered to conflict with or obstruct implementation of the BAAQMD’s air quality planning efforts. The proposed project’s construction and operational emissions were quantified using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) software version 2016.3.2 – a statewide model designed to provide a uniform platform for government agencies, land use planners, and environmental professionals to quantify air quality emissions, including GHG emissions, from land use projects. The model applies inherent default values for various land uses, including construction data, trip generation rates, vehicle mix, trip length, average speed, etc. Where project-specific information is available, such information should be applied in the model. For instance, the project applicant provided specific information regarding construction phasing and equipment, and Fehr & Peers, the transportation consultant for the proposed project, provided anticipated trip generation values. The following project characteristics and site design features were included in the modeling: • Construction would begin in November of 2021,8 and occur over approximately 3 years; • During site preparation, 100 cubic yards (CY) of soil material would be exported from the site; • During grading, 16,517 CY of material would be imported, and 26,172 CY of material would be exported; • The entire four-acre project site would be disturbed during grading; • Demolition would involve removal of 93,775-sf of material; • The project trip generation rate was set to 4.47 daily vehicle trips per unit; • Two on-site emergency generators could be used during project operations for testing and maintenance proposed up to approximately six hours per year; • The project would include on-site pedestrian facility improvements that would connect to existing facilities in the project area; and • The project would comply with all applicable provisions of the 2019 California Building Standards Code (CBSC), including installation of low-flow water fixtures and LED lights. 8 It is noted that construction scheduling has been updated since the air quality modeling was conducted. Construction is now anticipated to begin in April of 2022. However, due to the increasingly stringent standards for construction equipment, the analysis included herein is conservative. Updated modeling with a new construction start date is not required. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 103 June 2021 All CalEEMod results are included as Appendix A to this SCEA IS. The proposed project’s estimated emissions associated with construction and operations are presented and discussed in further detail below. A discussion of the proposed project’s contribution to cumulative air quality conditions is provided below as well. Construction Emissions According to the CalEEMod results, the proposed project would result in maximum unmitigated construction criteria air pollutant emissions as shown in Table 5. As shown in the table, the proposed project’s construction emissions would be below the applicable thresholds of significance for ROG, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5. Table 5 Maximum Unmitigated Construction Emissions (lbs/day) Pollutant Proposed Project Emissions Threshold of Significance Exceeds Threshold? ROG 26.01 54 NO NOX 45.99 54 NO PM10 (exhaust) 0.69 82 NO PM10 (fugitive) 6.17 None N/A PM2.5 (exhaust) 0.64 54 NO PM2.5 (fugitive) 1.64 None N/A Source: CalEEMod, July 2020 (see Appendix A). All projects under the jurisdiction of the BAAQMD are required to implement all of the BAAQMD’s Basic Construction Mitigation Measures, which include the following: 1. All haul trucks transporting soil, sand, or other loose material off-site shall be covered. 2. All visible mud or dirt track-out onto adjacent public roads shall be removed using wet power vacuum street sweepers at least once per day. The use of dry power sweeping is prohibited. 3. All vehicle speeds on unpaved roads shall be limited to 15 mph. 4. All roadways, driveways, and sidewalks to be paved shall be completed as soon as possible. Building pads shall be laid as soon as possible after grading unless seeding or soil binders are used. 5. Idling times shall be minimized either by shutting equipment off when not in use or reducing the maximum idling time to five minutes (as required by the California airborne toxics control measure Title 13, Section 2485 of California Code of Regulations [CCR]). Clear signage shall be provided for construction workers at all access points. 6. All construction equipment shall be maintained and properly tuned in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications. All equipment shall be checked by a certified visible emissions evaluator. 7. Post a publicly visible sign with the telephone number and person to contact at the lead agency regarding dust complaints. This person shall respond and take corrective action within 48 hours. The Air District’s phone number shall also be visible to ensure compliance with applicable regulations. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 104 June 2021 It is noted that the five-minute idling limitation required by BAAQMD’s Basic Construction Mitigation Measure 5 would be superseded by the two-minute idling limitation established in Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-2. Construction equipment operating on-site would be limited to a maximum of two minutes of idling time. The proposed project’s required implementation of the BAAQMD’s Basic Construction Mitigation Measures listed above would help to further minimize construction-related emissions. In particular, implementation of the foregoing measures would reduce fugitive dust emissions resulting from project construction. Even without consideration of BAAQMD’s Basic Construction Mitigation Measures, as shown in Table 5, construction of the proposed project would result in emissions of criteria air pollutants below BAAQMD’s thresholds of significance. Consequently, the proposed project would not conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plans during project construction. Operational Emissions According to the CalEEMod results, the proposed project would result in maximum unmitigated operational criteria air pollutant emissions as shown in Table 6. Table 6 Unmitigated Maximum Operational Emissions Pollutant Proposed Project Emissions Threshold of Significance Exceeds Threshold? lbs/day tons/yr lbs/day tons/yr ROG 16.79 2.82 54 10 NO NOX 15.21 2.17 54 10 NO PM10 (exhaust) 0.62 0.05 82 15 NO PM10 (fugitive) 9.51 1.67 None None N/A PM2.5 (exhaust) 0.62 0.05 54 10 NO PM2.5 (fugitive) 2.54 0.45 None None N/A Source: CalEEMod, July 2020 (see Appendix A). As shown in the table, the proposed project’s operational emissions would be below the applicable thresholds of significance. Consequently, the proposed project would not conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plans during project operation. Cumulative Emissions Past, present, and future development projects contribute to the region’s adverse air quality impacts on a cumulative basis. By nature, air pollution is largely a cumulative impact. A single project is not sufficient in size to, by itself, result in nonattainment of AAQS. Instead, a project’s individual emissions contribute to existing cumulatively significant adverse air quality impacts. If a project’s contribution to the cumulative impact is considerable, then the project’s impact on air quality would be considered significant. In developing thresholds of significance for air pollutants, BAAQMD considered the emission levels for which a project’s individual emissions would be cumulatively considerable. The thresholds of significance presented in Table 4 represent the levels at which a project’s individual emissions of criteria air pollutants or precursors would result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to the SFBAAB’s existing air quality conditions.9 If a project 9 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines [pg. 2-1]. May 2017. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 105 June 2021 exceeds the significance thresholds presented in Table 4, that project’s emissions would be cumulatively considerable, resulting in significant adverse cumulative air quality impacts to the region’s existing air quality conditions. As presented above, the proposed project would be below all applicable thresholds for criteria pollutants during construction and operation. Thus, the project would not result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to the region’s existing air quality conditions. Conclusion As stated previously, the applicable regional air quality plans include the 2001 Ozone Attainment Plan and the 2017 Clean Air Plan. Because the proposed project would not result in construction-related or operational emissions of criteria air pollutants in excess of BAAQMD’s thresholds of significance, conflicts with or obstruction of implementation of the applicable regional air quality plans would not occur. In addition, the project would not result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or State AAQS. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would result. Although project-specific impacts have been determined to be less than significant, as discussed above, the Plan Bay Area EIR requires projects utilizing the CEQA streamlining provisions pursuant to SB 375 to implement the relevant mitigation measures prescribed within the Plan Bay Area EIR. As such, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-2 is hereby incorporated as requirements of the proposed project. c. Some land uses are considered more sensitive to air pollution than others, due to the types of population groups or activities involved. Heightened sensitivity may be caused by health problems, proximity to the emissions source, and/or duration of exposure to air pollutants. Children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with existing health problems are especially vulnerable to the effects of air pollution. Sensitive receptors are typically defined as facilities where sensitive receptor population groups (i.e., children, the elderly, the acutely ill, and the chronically ill) are likely to be located. Accordingly, land uses that are typically considered to be sensitive receptors include residences, schools, playgrounds, childcare centers, retirement homes, convalescent homes, hospitals, and medical clinics. The existing land uses in the project area consist of commercial and industrial uses to the east, west, south, and north. The site is not located within the immediate vicinity of any sensitive receptors. The nearest existing sensitive receptors are the single-family residences located approximately 500 feet northwest. The major pollutant concentrations of concern are localized carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and TAC emissions, which are addressed in further detail below. Localized CO Emissions Localized concentrations of CO are related to the levels of traffic and congestion along streets and at intersections. High levels of localized CO concentrations are only expected where background levels are high, and traffic volumes and congestion levels are high. Emissions of CO are of potential concern, as the pollutant is a toxic gas that results from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels such as gasoline or wood. In order to provide a conservative indication of whether a project would result in localized CO emissions that would exceed the applicable threshold of significance, the BAAQMD 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 106 June 2021 has established screening criteria for localized CO emissions. According to BAAQMD, a proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact related to localized CO emission concentrations if all of the following conditions are true for the project: • The project is consistent with an applicable congestion management program established by the county congestion management agency for designated roads or highways, regional transportation plan, and local congestion management agency plans; • The project traffic would not increase traffic volumes at affected intersections to more than 44,000 vehicles per hour; and • The project traffic would not increase traffic volumes at affected intersections to more than 24,000 vehicles per hour where vertical and/or horizontal mixing is substantially limited (e.g., tunnel, parking garage, underpass, etc.). With regard to the first point, the project site falls within the boundaries of the San Mateo County Congestion Management Program (CMP).10 The purpose of the CMP is to identify strategies to respond to future transportation needs, develop procedures to alleviate and control congestion, and promote countywide solutions. As noted in the CMP, the CMP was designed to be consistent with the Plan Bay Area, which provides the framework for what the Bay Area transportation network should look like in 2040. Considering the proposed project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area (see Table 3), and the CMP is consistent with the Plan Bay Area, it follows that the proposed project would be consistent with the San Mateo County CMP. With regard to the second and third points, and as discussed in Section XII, Transportation, of this SCEA IS, the proposed project is anticipated to generate a net total of approximately 1,133 daily trips, including 61 AM peak hour trips and 87 PM peak hour trips. Based on Figure C-1, Existing Traffic Volumes, of the Transportation Study prepared for the proposed project, traffic volumes at the three study intersections currently range between 2,207 and 4,210 trips per peak hour. Therefore, the addition of 61 AM peak hour and 87 PM peak hour trips from the proposed project would not increase traffic volumes to more than 44,000 vehicles per hour at affected intersections, or to more than 24,000 vehicles per hour where vertical and/or horizontal mixing is limited. Therefore, based on the BAAQMD criteria, the proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact related to localized CO emissions concentrations and would not expose sensitive receptors to substantial concentrations of localized CO. TAC Emissions Another category of environmental concern is TACs. The CARB’s Air Quality and Land Use Handbook: A Community Health Perspective (Handbook) provides recommended setback distances for sensitive land uses from major sources of TACs, including, but not limited to, freeways and high traffic roads, distribution centers, and rail yards. The CARB has identified diesel particulate matter (DPM) from diesel-fueled engines as a TAC; thus, high volume freeways, stationary diesel engines, and facilities attracting heavy and constant diesel vehicle traffic are identified as having the highest associated health risks from DPM. More than 90 percent of DPM is less than one micrometer in diameter and, thus, DPM is a subset of the PM2.5 category of pollutants. 10 City/County Association of Government of San Mateo County. San Mateo County Congestion Management Project 2019. April 9, 2019. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 107 June 2021 The proposed residential building would not involve any land uses or operations that would be considered major sources of TACs, including DPM. While two diesel-powered emergency generators are proposed on-site, the generators would only be used for non- emergency testing and maintenance purposes for up to six hours per year and, therefore, would not subject future residents to substantial concentrations of DPM. As such, the project would not generate any substantial pollutant concentrations during operations. Short-term, construction-related activities could result in the generation of TACs, specifically DPM, from on-road haul trucks and off-road equipment exhaust emissions. Construction is temporary and occurs over a relatively short duration in comparison to the operational lifetime of the proposed project. Health risks are typically associated with exposure to high concentrations of TACs over extended periods of time (e.g., 30 years or greater), whereas the construction period associated with the proposed project would likely be limited to approximately one year. All construction equipment and operation thereof for the proposed project would be regulated per the CARB In-Use Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Regulation, which is intended to help reduce emissions associated with off-road diesel vehicles and equipment, including DPM. Project construction would also be required to comply with all applicable BAAQMD rules and regulations, particularly associated with permitting of air pollutant sources. In addition, construction equipment would operate intermittently throughout the day and only on portions of the site at a time. Because construction equipment on-site would not operate for long periods of time and would be used at varying locations within the site, associated emissions of DPM would not occur at the same location (or be evenly spread throughout the entire project site) for long periods of time. Due to the temporary nature of construction and the relatively short duration of potential exposure to associated emissions, the potential for any one sensitive receptor in the area to be exposed to concentrations of pollutants for a substantially extended period of time would be low. In addition, as noted previously, the nearest existing sensitive receptor is located over 500 feet north of the site. DPM is highly dispersive in nature, and the concentration of DPM at 500 feet from the source would be substantially reduced. While the project site is located within the vicinity of existing hotel uses, such uses are not considered sensitive receptors for TACs according to the CARB Handbook. Therefore, construction of the proposed project would not be expected to expose any sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations. Operations of Nearby TAC Sources and effects on Future Receptors Impacts of the environment on a project (as opposed to impacts of a project on the environment) are beyond the scope of required CEQA review.11 While not a CEQA 11 “[T]he purpose of an EIR is to identify the significant effects of a project on the environment, not the significant effects of the environment on the project.” (Ballona Wetlands Land Trust v. Town of Los Angeles, (2011) 201 Cal.App.4th 455, 473 (Ballona).) The California Supreme Court recently held that “CEQA does not generally require an agency to consider the effects of existing environmental conditions on a proposed project’s future users or residents. What CEQA does mandate… is an analysis of how a project might exacerbate existing environmental hazards.” (California Building Industry Assn. v. Bay Area Air Quality Management Dist. (2015) 62 Cal.4th 369, 392; see also Mission Bay Alliance v. Office of Community Investment & Infrastructure (2016) 6 Cal.App.5th 160, 197 [“identifying the effects on the project and its users of locating the project in a particular environmental setting is neither consistent with CEQA's legislative purpose nor required by the CEQA statutes”], quoting Ballona, supra, 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 108 June 2021 consideration, this issue is hereby addressed given the SCEA’s reliance on the Plan Bay Area EIR for CEQA streamlining purposes and its Mitigation Measure (2.2-5) regarding TAC Risk Areas. Pursuant to the BAAQMD’s interactive map which shows areas with estimated elevated levels of TACs, the project site is located within a TAC Risk Area.12 According to BAAQMD, an impact associated with TACs would occur if the aggregate total of all past, present, and foreseeable future sources within a 1,000-foot radius from the fence line of a source, or from the location of a receptor, plus the contribution from the project, would exceed the following:13 • An increase in cancer risk levels (from all local sources) of more than 100 persons in one million; • A chronic non-cancer hazard index (from all local sources) greater than 10.0; or • An annual average PM2.5 concentration (from all local sources) of 0.8 µg/m3 or greater. This health risk assessment was conducted to evaluate all three criteria at the future residents of the proposed project. The primary sources of TACs that would affect future residents include: 1) stationary sources (i.e., emergency generators, gas-dispensing facilities); 2) operations of the Caltrain railway; 3) vehicle traffic along US-101; and 4) vehicle traffic along other major roadways. Each source type is discussed in further detail below. Based on the BAAQMD’s map of Permitted Stationary Sources Risk and Hazards, sources of TACs were identified within a 1,000-foot radius of the project site boundary at the following addresses:14 • 149 South Linden Avenue; • 1479 San Mateo Avenue; • 1430 San Mateo Avenue; • 303 Commercial Avenue; • 27 South Linden Avenue; • 99 Linden Avenue; • 248 South Airport Boulevard; • 35 South Linden Avenue; • 177 South Airport Boulevard; and • 140 Produce Avenue. The concentration of PM2.5 from stationary sources at the maximally exposed sensitive receptor on the project site has been estimated using the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency (AMS/EPA) Regulatory Model (AERMOD). 201 Cal.App.4th at p. 474.) In the case of the proposed project, the impact of placing future residents within a TAC Risk Area is considered an existing environmental condition that would affect future users/residents. 12 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. Planning Health Places Interactive Map. Available at: https://baaqmd.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=51c2d0bc59244013ad9d52b8c35cbf66. Accessed March 2021. 13 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines [pg. 2-2]. May 2017. 14 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. Permitted Stationary Sources Risk and Hazards. Available at: https://baaqmd.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=2387ae674013413f987b1071715daa65. Accessed March 2021. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 109 June 2021 Emission rates of PM2.5 from each of the aforementioned stationary sources were provided by the BAAQMD.15 In addition, modeling parameters for each stationary source type were selected to be consistent with the San Francisco Community Risk Reduction Plan: Technical Support Documentation.16 As part of their Planning Healthy Places initiative, the BAAQMD modeled the concentration of PM2.5 resulting from major roadways, highways, and railways, including Caltrain,17 throughout the Bay Area.18 In order to assess the cumulative impacts from all identified TAC sources on the future residents of the proposed project, the concentrations of PM2.5 from each source (stationary, major roadway, highway, and railway) were summed at regular intervals throughout the project site. The associated cancer risk and non-cancer hazard index from exposure to PM2.5 were calculated using the CARB’s Hotspot Analysis Reporting Program Version 2 (HARP 2) Risk Assessment Standalone Tool (RAST), which calculates the cancer and non-cancer health impacts using the risk assessment guidelines of the 2015 Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.19 All cancer risk and hazard index modeling was performed in accordance with the USEPA’s User’s Guide for the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model – AERMOD 20 and the 2015 OEHHA Guidance Manual. The results of the health risks assessment are presented in Table 7, below. As shown therein, the chronic hazard index and concentration of PM2.5 would be below the applicable thresholds. However, the maximum unmitigated cancer risk would exceed the threshold of significance. Table 7 Maximum Unmitigated Health Risk Cancer Risk (per million persons) Chronic Hazard Index Concentration of PM2.5 (µg/m3) Operations 123.40 <1.0 21 0.42 Thresholds of Significance 100 10.0 0.80 Exceed Thresholds? YES NO NO Sources: AERMOD, and HARP 2 RAST, March 2021 (see Appendix B). The results of the cancer risk analysis are visually presented in Figure 10. As shown in the figure, a portion of the project site is located in an area where the unmitigated cancer risk would exceed the BAAQMD’s threshold of significance for cumulative cancer risk. 15 Flores, Areana, Bay Area Air Quality Management District. Personal communication [email], Briette Shea, Associate/Air Quality Technician, Raney Planning & Management. February 11, 2021. 16 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. The San Francisco Community Risk Reduction Plan: Technical Support Documentation. December 2012. 17 It is noted that the Caltrain system is currently in the process of electrification. The electrification of the Caltrain was considered in the Planning Healthy Places modeling, and any PM2.5 emissions associated with operations of the Caltrain are a result of the braking mechanism. 18 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. Planning Healthy Places: A Guidebook for Addressing Local Sources of Air Pollutants in Community Planning. May 2016. 19 Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments [pg. 8-18]. February 2015. 20 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. User’s Guide for the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD). December 2016. 21 Flores, Areana, Bay Area Air Quality Management District. Personal communication [phone], Briette Shea, Associate/Air Quality Technician, Raney Planning & Management. April 5, 2021. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 110 June 2021 Figure 10 Health Risk Assessment Results: Unmitigated TAC Risk Area The areas shaded in red represent portions of the site where the unmitigated cancer risk would exceed the BAAQMD’s cumulative threshold of significance. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 111 June 2021 The maximum cumulative cancer risk at the anticipated maximally exposed receptor, which would be the unit closest to the Caltrain tracks (represented by a white outline in Figure 10) would be 123.40 cases per million persons. As a result, without mitigation, implementation of the proposed project could result in a cancer risk in excess of the BAAQMD’s standards of significance. As shown in Figure 10, only the northwestern portion of the proposed building on Site 1 includes areas that exceed the threshold. The remainder of Site 1 and the entirety of Site 2 would be exposed to a less-than-significant cumulative cancer risk level. Consistent with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-5(a), and as required by the 2019 CBSC, the proposed project would include the provision of MERV 13 filters in the HVAC system for all units, including units located within the TAC risk area. MERV 13 filters are rated to capture 80 to 90.9 percent of particles that are 1.3 to 3.0 microns in size, and over 90 percent of particles that are 3.0 to 10.0 microns in size.22 In addition, the upgrade from standard home filters to MERV 13 filters has been shown to result in a decrease in mortality of 0.5 per 1,000 persons.23 Therefore, the inclusion of MERV 13 filters in the proposed project would dramatically reduce resident PM2.5 exposure. In fact, the installation of upgraded MERV rating filters has been shown to reduce indoor PM2.5 exposure by 19 to 28 percent.24 A linear relationship exists between PM2.5 concentration and the associated cancer risk when all other variables, including exposure time, remains constant. Therefore, in the case of the proposed project, a 19 to 28 percent reduction in PM2.5 concentration would equate to a 19 to 28 percent reduction in cancer risk. After installation of MERV 13 filters, the project-specific cancer risk can reasonably be expected to range between 88.85 to 99.95 cases per million, which is below the applicable threshold of significance. As a result, after the inclusion of the MERV 13 filters, none of the units proposed on Site 1 or on Site 2 would be located within the red area shown in Figure 10. Furthermore, the proposed project would provide additional features consistent with those listed under Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-5(a), including, but not limited to, the following: • The project applicant would maintain, repair and/or replace HVAC systems on an ongoing and as needed basis; and • The main courtyard/outdoor activity area has been designed to be located outside of the TAC Risk Area and would be shielded from pollution sources by the proposed buildings. Based on this project-specific health risk assessment, it has been determined that not all measures included within Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation 2.2-5(a) would be necessary in order to reduce health risk to an acceptable level. As a result, project-specific Mitigation Measure I-1, included below, identifies which specific measures are applicable to the proposed project. The inclusion of such features would reduce the health impact to be below the BAAQMD’s cumulative health risk threshold of 100 cases per million persons, as presented in Table 8. 22 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): What is a MERV rating? Available at: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/what-merv-rating-1. Accessed March 2021. 23 W.J. Fisk and W. R. Chan. Effectiveness and cost of reducing particle-related mortality with particle filtration. February 1, 2017. 24 M.S. Zuraimi and Zhongchao Tan. Impact of residential building regulations on reducing indoor exposures to outdoor PM2.5 in Toronto. March 14, 2015. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 112 June 2021 Table 8 Maximum Mitigated Health Risk Cancer Risk (per million persons) Chronic Hazard Index Concentration of PM2.5 (µg/m3) Operations 88.85-99.95 <1.0 0.42 Thresholds of Significance 100 10.0 0.80 Exceed Thresholds? NO NO NO Sources: AERMOD, and HARP 2 RAST, March 2021 (see Appendix B). Lead-Based Paint, Asbestos-Containing Building Material, and Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) Lead-Based Paint (LBP) is defined as any paint, varnish, stain, or other applied coating that has one milligram per cubic centimeter or greater (5,000 micrograms per gram or 5,000 parts per million) of lead by federal guidelines. Lead is a highly toxic material that may cause a range of serious illnesses, and in some cases death. In buildings constructed after 1978, LBP is unlikely to be present. Structures built prior to 1978 and especially prior to the 1960s should be expected to contain LBP. Asbestos is the name for a group of naturally occurring silicate minerals that are considered to be “fibrous” and, through processing, can be separated into smaller and smaller fibers. The fibers are strong, durable, chemical resistant, and resistant to heat and fire. They are also long, thin and flexible, so they can even be woven into cloth. Because of these qualities, asbestos was considered an ideal product and has been used in thousands of consumer, industrial, maritime, automotive, scientific and building products. However, later discoveries found that, when inhaled, the material caused serious illness. For buildings constructed prior to 1980, the Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1926.1101) states that all thermal system insulation (boiler insulation, pipe lagging, and related materials) and surface materials must be designated as “presumed asbestos- containing material” unless proven otherwise through sampling in accordance with the standards of the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act. Asbestos-containing materials could include, but are not limited to, plaster, ceiling tiles, thermal systems insulation, floor tiles, vinyl sheet flooring, adhesives, and roofing materials. As noted in the Phase I ESA prepared for the proposed project, the on-site buildings were constructed between 1982 and 1993. Therefore, demolition of the buildings is not expected to result in emissions of LBP or any asbestos-containing building materials. According to the Geotechnical Report prepared for the proposed project, the project site is located down slope and underlain by Franciscan Formation bedrock.25 Based on the bedrock formation’s association with NOA, ground disturbance associated with redevelopment of the site could create asbestos-containing dust, which could become airborne. Construction workers and nearby sensitive receptors could become exposed to such airborne TACs. Consequently, the proposed project could generate substantial concentrations of TACs, specifically asbestos, during construction. 25 ENGEO, Incorporated. Hanover – Colma Creek 100 Produce Avenue: Preliminary Geotechnical Report. October 23, 2018. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 113 June 2021 Conclusion Based on the above discussion, operation of the proposed project would not expose sensitive receptors to significant pollutant concentrations. However, because of the type of bedrock, the proposed project could have the potential to create asbestos-containing dust during construction activities. Therefore, the proposed project could result in a potentially significant impact related to the exposure of sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations. However, implementation of project-specific Mitigation Measures I-1 and I-2 listed below would reduce this potentially significant impact to a less-than- significant level. The City will require implementation of such mitigation as a condition of approval for the proposed project. d. Emissions of concern include those leading to odors, emission of dust, or emissions considered to constitute air pollutants. Air pollutants have been discussed in sections “a” through “c” above. Therefore, the following discussion focuses on emissions of odors and dust. Per the BAAQMD’s CEQA Guidelines, odors are generally regarded as an annoyance rather than a health hazard.26 Manifestations of a person’s reaction to odors can range from psychological (e.g., irritation, anger, or anxiety) to physiological (e.g., circulatory and respiratory effects, nausea, vomiting, and headache). The presence of an odor impact is dependent on a number of variables including: the nature of the odor source; the frequency of odor generation; the intensity of odor; the distance of odor source to sensitive receptors; wind direction; and sensitivity of the receptor. Due to the subjective nature of odor impacts, the number of variables that can influence the potential for an odor impact, and the variety of odor sources, quantitative analysis to determine the presence of a significant odor impact is difficult. Typical odor-generating land uses include, but are not limited to, wastewater treatment plants, landfills, and composting facilities. The proposed project would not introduce any such land uses and is not located in the vicinity of any such existing or planned land uses. Construction activities often include diesel-fueled equipment and heavy-duty trucks, which could create odors associated with diesel fumes that may be considered objectionable. However, construction activities would be temporary, and hours of operation for construction equipment would be restricted per South San Francisco Municipal Code Section 15.14.070, “Work Hours”. Project construction would also be required to comply with all applicable BAAQMD rules and regulations, particularly associated with permitting of air pollutant sources. The aforementioned regulations would help to minimize emissions, including emissions leading to odors. Accordingly, substantial objectionable odors would not be expected to occur during construction activities. In addition, the nearest existing sensitive receptors are the Urgent Care Clinic located approximately 300 feet north of the site, and the single-family residences located approximately 500 feet northwest. Because odors dissipate with distance, any potential objectionable odors associated with construction would likely disperse prior to reaching nearby sensitive receptors. As noted previously, all projects under the jurisdiction of BAAQMD are required to implement the BAAQMD’s Basic Construction Mitigation Measures. The measures would 26 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines [pg. 7-1. May 2017. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 114 June 2021 act to reduce construction-related dust by ensuring that haul trucks with loose material are covered, reducing vehicle dirt track-out, and limiting vehicle speeds within project site, among other methods, which would ensure that construction of the proposed project does not result in substantial emissions of dust. Following project construction, all areas of the project site not developed with structures would be paved or landscaped. Thus, project operations would not generate significant amounts of dust that could adversely affect a substantial number of people. For the aforementioned reasons, construction and operation of the proposed project would not result in emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would result. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures Implementation of the following mitigation measure would reduce the above potential impacts (see discussion ‘c’) to less-than-significant levels. I-1 Prior to approval of project improvement plans, the project applicant shall demonstrate compliance with the following design features to the satisfaction of the City: • Install, operate and maintain in good working order a central heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system or other air intake system in the building, or in each individual unit, that meets or exceeds a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of 13 or higher. The HVAC system shall include the following features: Installation of a high efficiency filter and/or carbon filter to filter particulates and other chemical matter from entering the building. Either high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters or American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) certified 85 percent supply filters shall be used. • Maintain, repair and/or replace the HVAC system on an ongoing and as needed basis, and prepare an operation and maintenance manual for the HVAC system and the filter. The manual shall include the operating instructions and the maintenance and replacement schedule. This manual shall be included in the Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions (CC&Rs) for residential projects and/or distributed to the building maintenance staff. In addition, the applicant shall prepare a separate homeowners manual. The manual shall contain the operating instructions and the maintenance and replacement schedule for the HVAC system and the filters. • Individual and common exterior open space and outdoor activity areas proposed as part of individual projects shall be located as far away as possible within the project site boundary, face away major freeways, and shall be shielded from the source (i.e., the roadway) of air pollution by buildings or otherwise buffered to further reduce air pollution for project occupants. • Planting trees and/or vegetation between sensitive receptors and pollution source. Trees that are best suited to trapping PM shall be planted, including one or more of the following species: Pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima), Cypress (X Cupressocyparis leylandii), Hybrid popular (Populus deltoids X 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 115 June 2021 trichocarpa), California pepper tree (Schinus molle) and Redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens). • Idling of heavy-duty diesel trucks at these locations shall be prohibited or limited to no more than 2 minutes. • If within the project site, existing and new diesel generators shall meet CARB’s Tier 4 emission standards. I-2 Prior to the issuance of any construction permits, the project applicant shall contract with a qualified geologist to prepare an evaluation for the potential presence of Naturally-Occurring Asbestos (NOA). If NOA is not discovered during the survey, further mitigation related to NOA is not required. If NOA is discovered during the survey, the project applicant shall prepare an Asbestos Dust Mitigation Plan, pursuant to § 93105, Title 17, California Code of Regulations, and subject to approval by BAAQMD. The applicant shall submit the Asbestos Dust Mitigation Plan to the City’s Planning Division for review and approval. Findings Air pollutants are generated by nearly all developments and economic activity in the Bay Area. Air pollution is regulated on the federal, state, and local level, and BAAQMD is the regional agency that oversees air pollution regulation, planning, and rulemaking. While air quality impacts usually result from regional trends, individual projects may contribute to such regional trends. BAAQMD has established quantitative emissions thresholds, which allow for analysis of potential air quality impacts that may result from an individual project’s emissions. As discussed above, the proposed project would not result in air quality emissions that would violate the applicable BAAQMD thresholds of significance. Additionally, the proposed project would be required to implement all relevant BAAQMD BMPs, which would further reduce PM emissions. However, because the project site is located within a TAC Risk Area, the project could result in a health risk impact to future residents. Implementation of project-specific Mitigation Measure I-1, adapted from Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation 2.2-5(a), would reduce any potential health risk related to TACs to a less- than-significant level. In addition, the project could result in emissions of asbestos-containing dust, which could adversely affect nearby sensitive receptors. The implementation of project-specific Mitigation Measure I-2 would ensure that the potential impact related to NOA exposure would be reduced to a less-than-significant level. In addition, implementation of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-2 is required. Based on the above, the project would not result in any additional environmental effects related to Air Quality. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 116 June 2021 II. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than-Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than-Significant Impact No Impact a. Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?     b. Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, and regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or US Fish and Wildlife Service?     c. Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means?     d. Interfere substantially with the movement of any resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of wildlife nursery sites?     e. Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance?     f. Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Conservation Community Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan?     Environmental Setting The Bay Area supports numerous distinct natural communities composed of a diversity of vegetative types that provide habitat for a wide variety of plant and wildlife species. Broad habitat categories in the region include grasslands, coastal scrubs and chaparral, woodlands and forests, riparian systems, freshwater and saltwater aquatic habitat, and wetlands. The project site is currently developed with six commercial buildings and paved areas. Vegetation on the site is limited to 61 ornamental trees, with the most common species being Brazilian pepper and Canary Island pines. Because the project site is overlain by impermeable surfaces and located within a highly developed area of the City, significant habitats or natural communities do not exist in proximity to the project site. Water features, including wetlands, do not exist on the project site. Colma Creek runs along the southern edge of the project site. However, Colma Creek is a concrete-lined channel and subject to substantial urban runoff from the City. Furthermore, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife Biogeographic Information and Observation System does not identify Colma Creek as a designated Aquatic Community. Therefore, Colma Creek is not likely to support identified special-status or otherwise sensitive species. For the purposes of this environmental document, “special-status” has been defined to include the following: • Plant and wildlife species that have been formally listed, are proposed as endangered or threatened, or are candidates for such listing under the federal and State Endangered Species Acts. Both acts afford protection to listed species; 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 117 June 2021 • California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Species of Special Concern, which are species that face extirpation in California if current population and habitat trends continue; • CDFW fully protected species; and • Species on California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Lists 1 and 2. Although CDFW Species of Special Concern generally do not have special legal status, they are given special consideration under CEQA. In addition to regulations for special-status species, most birds in the U.S., including non-status species, are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) of 1918. Under the MBTA, destroying active nests, eggs, and young is illegal. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR Chapter 4.13 of the General Plan EIR evaluated the effects of the General Plan on biological resources. The General Plan EIR identified potential impacts in terms of degradation of the quality of the environment or reduction of habitat or wildlife and/or plant populations below self-sustaining levels. a-f. Under Impact 4.13-a, the General Plan EIR notes that buildout under the General Plan could affect sensitive habitats and special-status plant and animal species through direct mortality or indirectly, through habitat loss. Implementation of the General Plan could also result in degradation of non-sensitive habitats and common wildlife species, as discussed under Impact 4.13-c. Development within the City would result in the direct removal of non-native grassland habitat, and may result in additional habitat loss or degradation during construction and operations. Such habitat disturbances during construction and operations could result in potentially significant impacts to sensitive habitats and sensitive plant and animal species. However, the following policies from the General Plan were identified as mitigating the effects of development that could occur under the provisions of the General Plan to a less than significant level. • 7.1-G-1 Protect special status species and supporting habitats within South San Francisco, including species that are State or federally listed as Endangered, Threatened, or Rare. • 7.1-G-2 Protect and where reasonable and feasible restore saltmarshes and wetlands. • 7.1-I-1 Cooperate with State and Federal agencies to ensure that development does not substantially affect special status species appearing on any State or federal list for any rare, endangered, or threatened species. Require assessments of biological resources prior to approval of any development on sites with ecologically sensitive habitat, as depicted in [General Plan EIR] Figure 7-2: Ecologically Sensitive Habitats. (see Figure 4.13-3 of the [City’s General Plan] DEIR). • 7.1-I-4 Require development on the wetlands delineated in [General Plan EIR] Figure 7-2 to complete assessments of biological resources. • 7.1-I-5 Work with private, non-profit conservation, and public groups to secure funding for wetland and marsh protection and restoration projects. Mitigation Measures from the General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 118 June 2021 Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.9 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impacts to biological resources which may result from implementation of the proposed Plan Bay Area. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed potential impacts related to special-status species under Impact 2.9-1a, and impacts to designated critical habitat for federally protected species under Impact 2.9-1b. The forecasted development and transportation projects under the Plan would result in habitat loss and degradation. However, implementation of Mitigation Measures 2.9-1(a) and 2.9-1(b), reproduced below, would mitigate this potential impact to less-than-significant levels. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.9-1(a,b), the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impacts would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above- referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impacts related to biological resources would be less than significant. In the case of the proposed project, the mitigation measures set forth in the Plan Bay Area EIR are not applicable to the proposed project as they pertain specifically to sites that include sensitive habitats. The project site has no such sensitive habitat. It should also be noted that buildout of the entire Plan Bay Area planning area encompasses a wide range of habitat types, whereas, implementation of the proposed project would result in a substantially smaller disturbance area as compared to the Plan Bay Area planning area. As discussed in further detail below, development of the proposed project individually could result in an adverse impact to birds protected under the MBTA; however, migratory birds are not considered candidate, sensitive, or special status species, which are the subject of this question. In addition, implementation of project-specific Mitigation Measures II-1 and II- 2 would reduce potential project impacts to migratory birds to a less-than-significant level. b,c. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed potential impacts related to riparian habitat, federally protected wetlands, or other sensitive natural communities under Impact 2.9-2. As discussed therein, projected development and implementation of transportation projects have the potential to affect jurisdictional waters and other sensitive habitats. The Plan Bay Area EIR included Mitigation Measure 2.9-2 to protect wetlands to the maximum extent feasible. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.9-2, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impact would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above-referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impacts related to wetlands would be less than significant. In addition, as discussed in further detail below, the project site is an infill location and does not contain any riparian habitat, protected wetlands, or other sensitive natural communities. As such, implementation of the proposed project would result in no impact related to riparian habitat, other sensitive natural community, or on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.). d. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to the movement of migratory fish or wildlife species, use as a migratory wildlife corridor, or the use of native wildlife nursery sites under Impact 2.9-3. Projected development and implementation of 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 119 June 2021 transportation projects under the Plan Bay Area have the potential to affect wildlife corridors and nursery sites. The Plan Bay Area EIR proposed Mitigation Measure 2.9-3, which would reduce the impact to a less-than-significant level. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.9-3, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impact would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above-referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impacts related to wildlife movement corridors would be less than significant. In addition, as discussed in further detail below, the project site is an infill location and would not provide a wildlife corridor, would not be used by migratory wildlife species, and would not be considered suitable habitat for a wildlife nursery. As such, implementation of the proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact related to interference with the movement of resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impeding the use of wildlife nursery sites. e,f. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed impacts related to conflicting with adopted local conservation policies, such as tree protection ordinances, or resource protection and conservation plans, such as an HCP, Natural Community Conservation Plan (NCCP), or other local, regional, or State HCP, under Impact 2.9-4. As noted therein, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impact would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project The biological mitigation measures set forth in the Plan Bay Area EIR pertain specifically to sites that include sensitive habitats. The project site has no such sensitive habitat and, thus, the mitigation measures would not apply. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a. The project site consists of existing commercial structures, and is covered with impervious surfaces. The site is primarily surrounded by existing development. Existing vegetation on or in the vicinity of the project site consists of non-native trees, typical commercial landscaping, and areas of grass lawn. The existing vegetation provides little habitat for wildlife species. In addition, pursuant to General Plan EIR Figure 4.13-3, Ecologically Sensitive Lands, the project site does not contain any ecologically sensitive habitat, including Wetland, Habitat Conservation Area, or Marine Aquatic Habitat. However, the existing trees could be considered potential habitat for special-status birds. Birds protected under the MBTA are known to use shrubbery, trees, and sometimes urban buildings to nest. As noted above, under the MBTA, destroying active nests, eggs, and young is illegal. While unlikely, if a bird protected under the MBTA is nesting within onsite trees, then removal of the trees would cause an adverse impact. Based on the above, development of the project could have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Therefore, the project could have a potentially significant impact to protected species. However, implementation of project-specific Mitigation Measures II-1 and II-2, which would be 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 120 June 2021 required by the City as a condition of approval for the proposed project, would reduce the potential impact to a less-than-significant level. b,c. The project site consists of existing commercial structures and paved areas. As discussed above, the existing vegetation on or in the vicinity of the project site predominantly consists of non-native trees and commercial landscaping. Water features are not present on the project site. It should be noted that Colma Creek is located adjacent to the project site, along the southern border. However, the project would not disturb Colma Creek. Accordingly, riparian habitat, wetlands, or any other sensitive natural community do not exist on the project site. As a result, implementation of the proposed project would have no impact on riparian habitat or other sensitive natural communities, including wetlands. d. Because the site is built out with urban uses and surrounded by existing development, the project site would not provide a wildlife corridor, would not be used by migratory wildlife species, and would not be considered suitable habitat for a wildlife nursery. The project site does not contain streams or other waterways that could be used by migratory fish or as a wildlife corridor for other wildlife species. In addition, pursuant to Figure 2.9-9, of the Plan Bay Area EIR, the project site is not located within an Essential Connectivity Area, defined as lands important to wildlife movement. While Colma Creek is located adjacent to the project site, Colma Creek is a poor habitat feature and does not provide connectivity to any upstream habitat. Even if Colma Creek were to act as a movement corridor for some species, Colma Creek is separated from the project site by a concrete wall, and implementation of the proposed project would not affect the habitat. As such, the project would not interfere substantially with the movement of any resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of wildlife nursery sites. Thus, a less-than-significant impact would occur. e. To assess the health and structural condition of the trees within the project site, a Tree Inventory Report was prepared for the proposed project by HortScience and Bartlett Consulting.27 The tree assessment took place October 31, 2018, and 61 trees were identified on-site. All tree species identified on-site commonly occur in the San Francisco Bay Area, were likely planted, and were not considered natural volunteers or indigenous trees. Only two trees were identified as healthy and potentially suitable for preservation, but these trees are located within the area proposed for development. The applicant intends to preserve, if feasible, a grove of six trees located in the northwest corner of Site 1. However, these trees are not identified as healthy and it may not be possible to preserve them. Accordingly, this SCEA assumes that up to 61 trees may be removed. The City of South San Francisco protects certain tree species, such as oaks, 10 inches and greater in trunk diameter, most tree species 15 inches and greater in diameter, and certain tree species, such as blackwood acacia, 24 inches and greater in trunk diameter (see Municipal Code Section 13.30, Tree Preservation). Based on the City’s definition for protected trees, 26 of the trees included in the report are considered Protected, and would require approval of a permit prior to removal. The Tree Inventory Report evaluated the suitability of each tree for preservation, and concluded that only two of the 61 on-site trees are considered to have good health, structural stability, and potential for longevity at the project site. Therefore, the remaining 59 trees have fair or poor health, and are not recommended for preservation. 27 HortScience and Bartlett Consulting. Tree Inventory Report, Colma Creek, South San Francisco, CA. December 18, 2018. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 121 June 2021 Based on the above, 28 of the 61 trees anticipated for removal as part of the project would require a permit and appropriate replacement according to Municipal Code Section 13.30.080. As a means of replacement, the Landscaping Plan (see Figure 6) includes new trees along the site perimeter as part of the proposed project. Considering the project would be required to comply with all City regulations set forth in the Municipal Code, the project would not conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would occur. f. The project site is not located within an area that is subject to an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Conservation Community Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan. Therefore, the project would have no impact related to a conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Conservation Community Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures Implementation of the following mitigation measures would reduce the above potential impact (see discussion ‘a’) to a less-than-significant level. II-1 The project applicant shall ensure that a qualified biologist conduct a pre- construction survey for nesting birds within a 250-foot buffer around the project site boundaries, if feasible, not more than 14 days prior to site disturbance during the breeding season (February 1st to August 31st). If site disturbance commences outside the breeding season, a pre-construction survey for nesting birds is not required. The project applicant shall submit survey results to the City’s Planning Division prior to initiation of any ground disturbance. If active nests of migratory birds are not detected within approximately 250 feet of the project site, further mitigation is not required. II-2 If nesting raptors or other migratory birds are detected on or adjacent to the site during the survey, the project applicant shall be responsible for establishing an appropriate construction-free buffer around all active nests. Actual size of buffer would be determined by the project biologist, and would depend on species, topography, and type of activity that would occur in the vicinity of the nest. Typical buffers are 25 feet for non-raptors and up to 250 feet for raptors. The project buffer would be monitored periodically by the project biologist to ensure compliance. The project applicant shall ensure that these buffer distances and monitoring requirements are met. After the nesting is completed, as determined by the biologist, the buffer would no longer be required. The project applicant shall also ensure that these buffers remain in place for the duration of the breeding season or until a qualified biologist has confirmed that all chicks have fledged and are independent of their parents. Findings The project site has been previously developed for commercial land uses and is primarily covered by structures and pavement. Because the project site is predominantly urbanized, the site has low habitat value, and low potential for the presence of special-status species. However, certain birds protected by the MBTA may nest within onsite trees, and a potentially significant impact could occur. Project-specific Mitigation Measures II-1 and II-2 require preconstruction surveys for 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 122 June 2021 nesting birds and the establishment of appropriate buffers, which would reduce impacts to a less- than-significant level. As such, the proposed project would not result in additional significant environmental effects related to Biological Resources. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 123 June 2021 III. CULTURAL RESOURCES. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than-Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than-Significant Impact No Impact a. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to Section 15064.5?     b. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a unique archaeological resource pursuant to Section 15064.5?     c. Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of dedicated cemeteries.     Environmental Setting The City of South San Francisco has a Historic Preservation Program, which tasks the Historic Preservation Commission with identifying the City’s most important historic sites and protecting them accordingly. The Historic Preservation Commission currently has 50 designated historic sites, each identified for its historical or cultural significance.28 The project site is located within an urban area and, therefore, existing development surrounds the project site, including roadways and commercial development, with the exception of Colma Creek along the southern site boundary. Four commercial buildings currently exist on Site 1, and two commercial buildings exist on Site 2. The existing buildings make up a total of approximately 93,775 sf, and the remainder of the site area consists of minor landscaping and paved parking lots. According to the Phase I ESA, the site was first developed in 1956 with three large structures. The site was redeveloped with the existing buildings between 1982 and 1993. Due to the developed nature of the site, the project site has already been highly disturbed. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR The General Plan EIR analyzed impacts related to the disturbance of cultural resources in Chapter 4.14. a,b. Impacts 4.14-a and 4.14-b include a discussion regarding how future development throughout the City may adversely affect historic resources or disrupt an archeological site or property with cultural significance. As noted therein, the Historic Preservation Commission protects historical structures throughout the City, and the City’s Municipal Code further protects historic buildings from damage or demolition. Due to the City’s location, subsurface prehistoric and archeological resources may be present. However, the General Plan EIR notes that archeological surveys and records reviews would allow for the appropriate handling and/or avoidance of such resources. The following policies are included in the General Plan to address potential impacts related to historical and archeological resources: • 7.5-G-1: Conserve historic, cultural, and archaeological resources for the aesthetic, educational, economic, and scientific contribution they make to South San Francisco's identity and quality of life. • 7.5-G-2: Encourage municipal and community awareness, appreciation, and support for South San Francisco's historic, cultural, and archaeological resources. • 7.5-I-4: Ensure the protection of known archaeological resources in the City by requiring a records review for any development proposed areas of known resources. 28 City of South San Francisco. Historic Preservation. Available at: https://www.ssf.net/departments/economic- community-development/planning-division/historic-preservation. Accessed July 10, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 124 June 2021 • 7.5-I-5: In accordance with State law, require the preparation of a resource mitigation plan and monitoring program by a qualified archaeologist in the event that archaeological resources are uncovered. Overall, the General Plan EIR concluded that, with implementation of the policies included in the General Plan, buildout of the General Plan would have a less-than-significant effect on historic and archeological resources. c. The General Plan EIR does not explicitly discuss impacts related to the disturbance of human remains, including those interred outside of dedicated cemeteries. Mitigation Measures from the General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.11 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impacts to cultural, historical, and archaeological resources that may result from implementation of the Plan. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a,b. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource or unique archeological resource, as defined in Section 15064.5 (Impact 2.11-1 and 2.11-2) and determined that, with the implementation of Mitigation Measures 2.11-1 and 2.11-2, the impact would be less than significant. c. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to the disturbance of human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries, under Impact 2.11-4. The Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that compliance with California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 and 7052 and California Public Resources Code Section 5097 would ensure that any potential impact would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Because the on-site buildings are not greater than 45 years in age, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-1 would not apply. However, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-2 is applicable to the proposed project. 2.11-2 Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement the following measures where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • Before construction activities, project sponsors shall retain a qualified archaeologist to conduct a record search at the appropriate Information Center to determine whether the project area has been previously surveyed and whether resources were identified. When recommended by the Information Center, project sponsors shall retain a qualified archaeologist to conduct archaeological surveys before construction activities. Project sponsors shall follow recommendations identified in the survey, which may include activities such as subsurface testing, designing and implementing 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 125 June 2021 a Worker Environmental Awareness Program, construction monitoring by a qualified archaeologist, avoidance of sites, or preservation in place. • In the event that evidence of any prehistoric or historic-era subsurface archaeological features or deposits are discovered during construction- related earth-moving activities (e.g., ceramic shard, trash scatters, lithic scatters), all ground-disturbing activity in the area of the discovery shall be halted until a qualified archaeologist can assess the significance of the find. If the find is a prehistoric archeological site, the appropriate Native American group shall be notified. If the archaeologist determines that the find does not meet the CRHR standards of significance for cultural resources, construction may proceed. If the archaeologist determines that further information is needed to evaluate significance, a data recovery plan shall be prepared. If the find is determined to be significant by the qualified archaeologist (i.e., because the find is determined to constitute either an historical resource or a unique archaeological resource), the archaeologist shall work with the project applicant to avoid disturbance to the resources, and if complete avoidance is not feasible in light of project design, economics, logistics, and other factors, follow accepted professional standards in recording any find including submittal of the standard DPR Primary Record forms (Form DPR 523) and location information to the appropriate California Historical Resources Information System office for the project area. • Project sponsors shall comply with existing local regulations and policies that exceed or reasonably replace any of the above measures that protect archaeological resources. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a-c. According to the South San Francisco Historic Preservation Program’s map of Historic Resources, identified historic resources do not exist on or within the vicinity of the project site.29 In addition, Figure 4.14-1, Designated Historic Resources, of the General Plan EIR does not identify any protected historic resources on the project site.30 Furthermore, the existing on-site structures were built between the late 1980s and 1993, and, therefore, are not considered historic buildings.31 Because historic buildings or other known historic resources do not exist on-site, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-1 would not apply to the proposed project. However, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-2 provides standardized protocol for the accidental discovery of cultural resources, and would be applicable to the proposed project. Considering that the project site has previously been heavily disturbed through development of the existing office structures, the potential for encountering any significant cultural, historic, or archaeological resources or human remains during the on-site improvements associated with the project is relatively low. Although low, the potential does exist for previously unknown or unidentified cultural resources or human remains to be encountered below the surface that could be inadvertently damaged or lost during grading and construction of the project. However, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-2, 29 South San Francisco Historic Preservation Program. South San Francisco Historic Sites. Available at: https://www.ssf.net/home/showdocument?id=1800. Accessed July 10, 2020. 30 South San Francisco. South San Francisco General Plan Update Draft Environmental Impact Report. June 1999. 31 ENGEO Incorporated. South San Francisco Business Park Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. October 23, 2018. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 126 June 2021 listed above, would reduce impacts related to the discovery of unknown archeological resources to a less-than-significant level. The project would be required to comply with California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 and 7052, which addresses appropriate handling of human remains, and California Public Resources Code Section 5097, which addresses appropriate protection of archeological and historical sites. The project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR, and compliance with such regulations would ensure that a less-than-significant impact to cultural resources would occur. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings Considering that the project site has been previously developed, the likelihood of discovering previously unknown historic or archeological resources is low. In addition, the on-site buildings to be demolished are not considered historical resources, and project would be required to comply with all applicable provisions of California law, including California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 and 7052 and California Public Resources Code Section 5097. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-1 would not apply to the proposed project because the project would not affect known historic resources and the on-site buildings are not over 45 years old. However, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-2, listed above, would reduce impacts related to the discovery of unknown archeological resources to a less-than-significant level. As such, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-2 is hereby incorporated as a requirement of the proposed project. Implementation of the aforementioned mitigation measure would ensure that the project would not result in any additional environmental effects related to Cultural Resources. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 127 June 2021 IV. ENERGY. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than-Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than-Significant Impact No Impact a. Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation?     b. Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency?     Environmental Setting The project site is currently developed with four commercial buildings and associated parking areas. Electricity and natural gas are currently provided to the project site by PG&E. South San Francisco also has partnered with Peninsula Clean Energy (PCE), a Community Choice Aggregation, which allows the purchase of electricity from renewable sources through PG&E infrastructure.32 Therefore, the project applicant would have convenient access to renewably sourced electricity to meet the demands of the proposed project. A description of the 2019 California Green Building Standards Code and the Building Energy Efficiency Standards, with which the proposed project would be required to comply, are provided below. This analysis is also based on Appendix F of the CEQA Guidelines. California Green Building Standards Code The 2019 California Green Building Standards Code, otherwise known as the CALGreen Code (CCR Title 24, Part 11), is a portion of the CBSC, which became effective with the rest of the CBSC on January 1, 2020. The purpose of the CALGreen Code is to improve public health, safety, and general welfare by enhancing the design and construction of buildings through the use of building concepts having a reduced negative impact or positive environmental impact and encouraging sustainable construction practices. The provisions of the code apply to the planning, design, operation, construction, use, and occupancy of every newly constructed building or structure throughout California. Requirements of the CALGreen Code include, but are not limited to, the following measures: • Compliance with relevant regulations related to future installation of Electric Vehicle charging infrastructure in residential and non-residential structures; • Indoor water use consumption is reduced through the establishment of maximum fixture water use rates; • Outdoor landscaping must comply with the California Department of Water Resources’ Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), or a local ordinance, whichever is more stringent, to reduce outdoor water use; • Diversion of 65 percent of construction and demolition waste from landfills; • Mandatory periodic inspections of energy systems (i.e., heat furnace, air conditioner, mechanical equipment) for nonresidential buildings over 10,000 sf to ensure that all are working at their maximum capacity according to their design efficiencies; and • Mandatory use of low-pollutant emitting interior finish materials such as paints, carpet, vinyl flooring, and particle board. 32 City of South San Francisco. Community Choice Energy. Available at: https://www.ssf.net/departments/city- manager/sustainability/community-choice-energy#:~:text=South%20San%20Francisco%20has%20joined ,instead%20of%20going%20through%20PG%26E.. Accessed June 10, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 128 June 2021 Building Energy Efficiency Standards The 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards is a portion of the CBSC, which expands upon energy-efficiency measures from the 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, went into effect starting January 1, 2020. The 2019 standards provide for additional efficiency improvements beyond the current 2016 standards. Residential buildings built in compliance with the 2019 standards are anticipated to use approximately seven percent less energy compared to the 2016 standards, primarily due to lighting upgrades.33 Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR The General Plan EIR does not include a discussion regarding energy efficiency or renewable energy goals. Mitigation Measures from the General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Impacts related to energy, including quantification of energy demand from regional development, are discussed in Chapter 2.4 of the Plan Bay Area EIR. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed whether implementation of the plan would result in wasteful or inefficient consumption of energy in Impact 2.4-1. As noted therein, per capita energy consumption associated with the proposed Plan would be lower per capita when compared to buildout without adoption of the Plan due to the increased energy efficiency of the multi-family housing encouraged as part of the Plan. In addition, because the Plan Bay Area would result in denser land development and a net reduction in personal vehicle use, the project would not result in wasteful or inefficient use of energy and a less-than- significant impact would occur. b. As discussed in Plan Bay Area EIR Impact 2.4-2, future land use projects under the Plan Bay Area would be more dense and more energy efficient, and would be required to comply with the most up-to-date edition of the Title 24 Standards. In addition, PG&E’s compliance with the State’s Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), which requires investor- owned utilities, electric service providers, and community choice aggregators to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 33 percent of total procurement by 2020 and to 60 percent by 2030, would ensure that electricity demand by developments under the Plan Bay Area would be met by increasingly more renewable sources. As such, the Plan Bay Area EIR concludes that impacts related to renewable energy use and energy efficiency would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a,b. Construction of the proposed project would involve on-site energy demand and consumption related to the use of oil in the form of gasoline and diesel fuel for construction 33 California Energy Commission. Title 24 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards FAQ. November 2018. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 129 June 2021 worker vehicle trips, hauling and material delivery truck trips, and operation of off-road construction equipment. Project construction would not involve the use of natural gas appliances or equipment. Pursuant to Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-2, the use of portable diesel generators would be prohibited during construction. The on-site commercial buildings currently consume energy during normal operations. Demolition of the existing buildings would remove the energy demand associated with operation of such buildings. Therefore, energy demand during construction would be somewhat off-set through reductions in energy demand due to the demolition of existing structures. Even during the most intense period of construction, due to the different types of construction activities (e.g., site preparation, grading, building construction), only portions of each individual site would be disturbed at a time, with operation of construction equipment occurring at different locations on the project site, rather than a single location. In addition, all construction equipment and operation thereof would be regulated per the CARB In-Use Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Regulation. The In-Use Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Regulation is intended to reduce emissions from off-road, heavy-duty diesel vehicles in California by imposing limits on idling, requiring all vehicles to be reported to CARB, restricting the addition of older vehicles into fleets, and requiring fleets to reduce emissions by retiring, replacing, or repowering older engines, or installing exhaust retrofits. The In- Use Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Regulation would subsequently help to improve fuel efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. In addition, compliance with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-2, which limits idling time to two minutes, would further reduce energy consumption during construction. Technological innovations and more stringent standards are being researched, such as multi-function equipment, hybrid equipment, or other design changes, which could help to reduce demand on oil and emissions associated with construction. The CARB prepared the 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan Update (2017 Scoping Plan),34 which builds upon previous efforts to reduce GHG emissions and is designed to continue to shift the California economy away from dependence on fossil fuels. Appendix B of the 2017 Scoping Plan includes examples of local actions (municipal code changes, zoning changes, policy directions, and mitigation measures) that would support the State’s climate goals. The examples provided include, but are not limited to, enforcing idling time restrictions for construction vehicles, utilizing existing grid power for electric energy rather than operating temporary gasoline/diesel-powered generators, and increasing use of electric and renewable fuel-powered construction equipment. The In-Use Off Road regulation described in the Air Quality section of this SCEA IS, with which the proposed project must comply, would be consistent with the intention of the 2017 Scoping Plan and the recommended actions included in Appendix B of the 2017 Scoping Plan. Based on the above, the temporary increase in energy use during construction of the proposed project would not result in a significant increase in peak or base demands or require additional capacity from local or regional energy supplies. The proposed project would be required to comply with all applicable regulations related to energy conservation and fuel efficiency, which would help to reduce the temporary increase in demand. 34 California Air Resources Board. The 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan Update. January 20, 2017. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 130 June 2021 Following implementation of the proposed project, PG&E would provide electricity and natural gas to the project site. Energy use associated with operation of the proposed project would be typical of residential uses, requiring electricity for interior and exterior building lighting, operation of stoves, kitchen and cleaning appliances, security systems, and more. Maintenance activities during operations, such as landscape maintenance, would involve the use of electric or gas-powered equipment. In addition to on-site energy use, the proposed project would result in transportation energy use associated with vehicle trips generated by future residents. The proposed project would be subject to all relevant provisions of the most recent update of the CBSC, including the Building Energy Efficiency Standards. Adherence to the most recent CALGreen Code and Building Energy Efficiency Standards would ensure that the proposed structures would consume energy efficiently. Required compliance with the CBSC would ensure that the building energy use associated with the proposed project would not be wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary. As noted above, the existing on-site buildings consume energy. The proposed project would be built under more stringent efficiency standards compared to the standards in place at the time of construction of the existing buildings. Therefore, while the project may result in a net increase in energy demand, energy would be consumed more efficiently due to modern regulations. In addition, future residents would have access to electricity generated from renewable sources through PCE. Even if customers choose to opt out of PCE, the electricity supplied by PG&E would comply with the State’s RPS. Thus, a portion of the energy consumed during project operations would originate from renewable sources. Furthermore, the project applicant has indicated that the project would incorporate design features such as energy efficient light fixtures and Energy-Star rated appliances. The rooftop would include the infrastructure necessary to facilitate future solar panel installation. As a qualifying Transit Priority Project, the project site is located within close proximity to existing public transit infrastructure, and electric vehicle (EV) charging stations would be included in the project. Bicycle parking would be included on-site, which would encourage patrons to use alternative transportation. Through project consistency with the Plan Bay Area the project would reduce VMT and thereby reduce energy demand associated with transportation. Based on the above, compliance with the State’s latest Energy Efficiency Standards would ensure that the proposed project would implement all necessary energy efficiency regulations. Additionally, the inclusion of infrastructure for future installation of solar panels and other sustainable features by the proposed project would further reduce any impacts associated with energy consumption. Conclusion Based on the above, construction and operation of the proposed project would not result in wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources or conflict with or obstruct a State or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency. The project would be consistent with, and included within, the energy demands quantified and analyzed in the Plan Bay Area EIR. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would occur. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 131 June 2021 Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings Construction and operation of the proposed project would increase energy demand at the project site. However, construction would take place over a limited, finite amount of time, and fuel efficiency of construction equipment would be regulated through State requirements. Operation of the project would not consume excessive energy as energy efficiency fixtures would be implemented to the maximum extent feasible, and transportation energy demand from future residents would be significantly reduced due to the close proximity of the site to the Caltrain Station. In addition, the project would include electric vehicle charging stations and infrastructure to allow for subsequent installation of solar panels, in compliance with local renewable energy plans. As such, the proposed project would not result in any additional environmental impacts related to Energy. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 132 June 2021 V. GEOLOGY AND SOILS. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than-Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than-Significant Impact No Impact a. Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: i. Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42.     ii. Strong seismic ground shaking?     iii. Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction?     iv. Landslides?     b. Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil?     c. Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse?     d. Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property?     e. Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater?     f. Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature?     Environmental Setting The following background setting information focuses on the existing topography of the region and project site, the underlying bedrock, and site seismicity, as well as the general conditions and expansiveness of the on-site soils. While most of South San Francisco is comprised of flat or gently sloping areas, steep hillsides surround the northern and western portions of the City. Seismic and other structural hazards are related to two geologic conditions found in South San Francisco: • Soils in the flat lowland areas, comprised largely of Bay Mud overlain with fill in the eastern portions of the City, have high shrink-swell potential, high water table, and low strength. These soil conditions amplify earthquake waves and ground shaking, and are subject to liquefaction. • Steeply-sloping hillside areas have soils with shrink-swell hazards, high erosion hazard, and low strength. Some of these soils have severe limitations for bearing dwellings without basements and for local roads. In addition, substantial portions of the south flank of San Bruno Mountain are classified as a high landslide risk area. The San Andreas Fault is considered a source of high earthquake hazard to the entire City, creating potential for ground rupture and high levels of ground shaking. Areas subject to extremely high or very high levels of wave amplification include the hills west of Callan Boulevard, adjacent to the San Andreas Fault zone, and the alluvial lowlands surrounding Colma Creek, between 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 133 June 2021 Orange and Linden Avenues. Most of the City would experience an intensity level of VII (Nonstructural Damage) or VIII (Moderate) from a rupture of the Peninsula Segment of the San Andreas Fault during an earthquake with a 7.1 magnitude.35 The project site is situated in the Coast Ranges geomorphic province of California. The Coast Ranges have experienced a complex geological history characterized by Late Tertiary folding and faulting that has resulted in a series of northwest-trending mountain ranges and intervening valleys. The following information was procured primarily from the site-specific Geotechnical Report prepared by ENGEO, Inc (see Appendix D).36 The project site is not located within an Earthquake Fault Hazard Zone, as designated pursuant to the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act, and no known faults cross the site. The nearest known active fault surface trace is the San Andreas Fault, which is mapped approximately 2.2 miles east of the site. Topographic maps in the late 1930s and early 1940s illustrate the site was situated within a former tidal marsh. Topographic maps from the late 1940s indicate fill was placed throughout the region and site area as illustrated by higher elevations in these areas compared to previous topographic maps. Based on topographic maps before and after fill placement, it appears site elevations were increased by approximately 5 to 15 feet. These fill deposits consist of lightly consolidated clay and silt as well as loose sand and rock fragments, organics, and man- made debris which have been placed over tidal flats to raise elevations. The tidal flat deposits tend to consist of organic material, clay, clayey silt, silt and sandy silt. Although the whole site seems to reside on fill underlain by tidal marsh, it is also situated near the periphery of the historic marshland and is located downslope of an outcrop of Franciscan Formation sandstone and shale (KJs), which is characterized by interbedded sandstone and shale units that can be hard when intact and soft when weathered or sheared. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR Chapter 4.11 of the General Plan EIR evaluated the potential effects related to geology, soils, and seismicity within the City. a.i-a.iv. Impacts related to seismic groundshaking, seismic-related hazards, liquefaction, and ground failure are discussed under General Plan EIR Impact 4.11-a. Surface rupture of an Alquist-Priolo Fault is discussed in Impact 4.11-b. If an earthquake occurs in the region, certain susceptible areas of South San Francisco could experience structural damage. However, the following General Plan policies would reduce potential impacts to a less- than-significant level. • 8.1-G-1 Minimize the risk to life and property from seismic activity and geologic hazards in South San Francisco. • 8.1-I-1 Do not permit special occupancy buildings, such as hospitals, schools, and other structures that are important to protecting health and safety in the community, in areas identified in Figure 8-2. • 8.1-I-2 Require geotechnical and engineering geology reports as part of the development review process prior to approval of any development on sites within seismically sensitive lands, as indicated in Figure 8-5. (Figure 4.11-6 of the [General Plan] DEIR) 35 South San Francisco. South San Francisco General Plan Update Draft Environmental Impact Report. June 1999. 36 ENGEO, Incorporated. Hanover – Colma Creek 100 Produce Avenue: Preliminary Geotechnical Report. October 23, 2018. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 134 June 2021 • 8.1-I-3 Explore programs that would build incentives to retrofit unreinforced masonry buildings. c. General Plan EIR Impact 4.11-c discusses impacts related to expansive soils and settlement. Expansive soils can be found in several hillside locations throughout the City. However, implementation of all applicable General Plan policies, as listed above, would reduce potential impacts to a less-than-significant level. b,d,e,f. Other impacts related to geological and soil resources were not discussed in the General Plan EIR. Mitigation Measures from General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Impacts related to geology and soils are discussed in Chapter 2.7 of the Plan Bay Area EIR. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a.i. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to fault rupture under Impact 2.7-1. The Alquist-Priolo Act regulates where development and road projects can occur in relation to faults by requiring detailed fault identification studies and requiring minimum setback requirements. Local agencies and Caltrans also have requirements to address impacts related to fault rupture. Therefore, there are existing federal, state, and local regulations and oversight in place that would effectively reduce the inherent hazard associated with fault rupture, and the impact would be less than significant. a.ii. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to ground shaking under Impact 2.7-2. While the Plan would result in increased population in a seismically active area, regulatory requirements already exist that establish specific development standards in such areas, and the impact would be less than significant. a.iii. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact regarding seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction under Impact 2.7-3. The impacts of ground failure, including liquefaction, on development of the land uses or transportation projects under the Plan Bay Area would be addressed through site-specific geotechnical studies required by local jurisdictions in accordance with standard industry practices and State-provided guidance. In addition, development would conform to the current seismic design provisions of the International Building Code and CBSC in order to reduce potential losses from ground failure as a result of an earthquake. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. a.iv. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to landslides under Impact 2.7-4. Landslide hazards are dependent on site-specific conditions, including the steepness of slopes, and other conditions such as, in the case of seismically-induced landslides, the distance and magnitude of the seismic event. State and local standards have been developed to address this condition and, therefore, the impact would be less than significant. b. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil under Impact 2.7-5. Construction associated with land use and 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 135 June 2021 transportation projects would include ground disturbances that could expose underlying soils to the effects of erosion. However, existing regulatory requirements specify mandatory actions that must occur during project development that would address this potential impact and, therefore, the impact would be less than significant. c,d. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to locating future projects on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable, or contains expansive properties under Impact 2.7-6. Hazards associated with unstable soils or geologic units are dependent on site- specific conditions, as well as the specific nature of the individual project proposed. With adherence to grading permit and building code requirements, including seismic design criteria as required by the CBSC, Caltrans, Special Publication 117A, and local building code requirements, all improvements and development associated with both the land use development and transportation projects would be designed to minimize potential risks related to unstable soils and geologic units. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. e. Impacts related to the suitability of soils to support septic systems is not included in the Plan Bay Area EIR. f. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to destruction of unique paleontological or geologic features under Impact 2.11-3, and determined that individual development projects have the potential to adversely affect such resources. However, implementation of Mitigation Measure 2.11-3, reproduced below, would reduce the potential impact to a less-than-significant level. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-3 would apply to the proposed project, and has already been implemented: 2.11-3 Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • Before construction activities, project sponsors shall conduct a record search using an appropriate database, such as the UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology to determine whether the project area has been previously surveyed and whether resources were identified. • If record searches indicate that the project is located in an area likely to contain important paleontological, and/or geological resources, such as sedimentary rocks which have yielded significant terrestrial and other fossils, project sponsors shall retain a qualified paleontologist to train all construction personnel involved with earthmoving activities about the possibility of encountering fossils. The appearance and types of fossils likely to be seen during construction will be described. Construction personnel will be trained about the proper notification procedures should fossils be encountered. • If paleontological resources are discovered during earthmoving activities, the construction crew will be directed to immediately cease work in the vicinity of the find and notify the implementing agencies and/or project 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 136 June 2021 sponsors. The project sponsor will retain a qualified paleontologist for identification and salvage of fossils so that construction delays can be minimized. The paleontologist will be responsible for implementing a recovery plan which could include the following: o in the event of discovery, salvage of unearthed fossil remains, typically involving simple excavation of the exposed specimen but possibly also plaster-jacketing of large and/or fragile specimens, or more elaborate quarry excavations of richly fossiliferous deposits; o recovery of stratigraphic and geologic data to provide a context for the recovered fossil remains, typically including description of lithologies of fossil-bearing strata, measurement and description of the overall stratigraphic section, and photographic documentation of the geologic setting; o laboratory preparation (cleaning and repair) of collected fossil remains to a point of curation, generally involving removal of enclosing rock material, stabilization of fragile specimens (using glues and other hardeners), and repair of broken specimens; o cataloging and identification of prepared fossil remains, typically involving scientific identification of specimens, inventory of specimens, assignment of catalog numbers, and entry of data into an inventory database; o transferal, for storage, of cataloged fossil remains to an appropriate repository, with consent of property owner; o preparation of a final report summarizing the field and laboratory methods used, the stratigraphic units inspected, the types of fossils recovered, and the significance of the curated collection; and o project sponsors shall comply with existing local regulations and policies that exceed or reasonably replace any of the above measures that protect paleontological or geologic resources. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a.i-ii. The project site is not located within the boundaries of an Earthquake Fault Zone, as designated pursuant to the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act, and known fault lines do not cross the project site. The nearest known active fault to the project site is the San Andreas Fault, which is located approximately 2.2 miles east of the site. Therefore, fault rupture is unlikely to occur at the project site.37 The project site is located within a seismically sensitive area, as designated in Figure 4.11- 6 of the General Plan EIR. As required by General Plan Policy 8.1-I-2, development on lands within seismically sensitive areas require geotechnical and engineering geology reports as part of the development review process. The Preliminary Geotechnical Report prepared for the proposed project partially complies with this policy. Preparation of a site- specific design-level geotechnical exploration, as required by project-specific Mitigation Measure V-1, would ensure that the project complies with General Plan Policy 8.1-I-2. Based on the proximity of the project site to local and regional faulting, as well as historical seismic activity, the project site is considered subject to relatively high ground shaking risk 37 ENGEO, Incorporated. Hanover – Colma Creek 100 Produce Avenue: Preliminary Geotechnical Report. October 23, 2018. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 137 June 2021 and related effects. However, the CBSC provides minimum standards to ensure that the proposed structures would be designed using sound engineering practices and appropriate engineering standards for the seismic area in which the project site is located. Projects designed in accordance with the CBSC should be able to: 1) resist minor earthquakes without damage; 2) resist moderate earthquakes without structural damage, but with some non-structural damage; and 3) resist major earthquakes without collapse, but with some structural, as well as non-structural, damage. Although conformance with the CBSC does not guarantee that substantial structural damage would not occur in the event of a maximum magnitude earthquake, conformance with the CBSC can reasonably be assumed to ensure that the proposed structures would be survivable, allowing occupants to safely evacuate in the event of a major earthquake. Compliance with the CBSC would ensure that seismic-related effects would not cause adverse impacts. Therefore, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would occur related to seismic rupture of a known earthquake fault or strong seismic ground shaking. a.iii. Soil liquefaction results from loss of strength during cyclic loading, especially as a result of cyclic loadings induced by earthquakes or ground shaking. Soils most susceptible to liquefaction are clean, loose, saturated, uniformly graded fine sands. The liquefaction analysis prepared as part of the Geotechnical Report identified sand susceptible to liquefaction at various depths throughout the exploration locations. As noted in the Geotechnical Report, further evaluation is required through soil borings and laboratory testing to determine the liquefaction potential, and design accordingly. Thus, the proposed project could directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death associated with seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction, and a potentially significant impact could occur. However, implementation of project-specific Mitigation Measure V-1, which would be required by the City as a condition of approval for the proposed project, would reduce the impact to a less-than-significant level. a.iv. Seismically-induced landslides are triggered by earthquake ground shaking. The risk of landslide hazard is greatest in areas with steep, unstable slopes. The project site does not contain, and is not located adjacent to, any such slopes. Thus, the proposed project would not directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving landslides. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would occur. b. Issues related to erosion are discussed in Section X, Hydrology and Water Quality, of this SCEA IS. As noted therein, the proposed project would not result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would occur. c. As noted above, the project site is relatively level and is not located on or near any slopes. Therefore, the proposed project is not subject to risk from landslide. However, the Geotechnical Report notes that the project site may be filled with “Young Bay Mud”, which is prone to consolidation settlement. The report concludes that major considerations in foundation design at this site are bearing capacity, settlement due to compressible clay, and settlement due to potentially liquefiable material. Lateral spreading is horizontal/lateral ground movement of relatively flat-lying soil deposits towards a free face such as an excavation, channel, or open body of water; typically, 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 138 June 2021 lateral spreading is associated with liquefaction of one or more subsurface layers near the bottom of the exposed slope. The amount of movement depends on the soil strength, duration and intensity of seismic shaking, topography, and free face geometry. Given that the project site does not contain any free faces, the potential for lateral spreading to pose a risk to the proposed development is negligible. Based on the above, the proposed project would result in a potentially significant impact related to being located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse. However, implementation of project- specific Mitigation Measure V-1, which would be required by the City as a condition of approval for the proposed project, would reduce the impact to a less-than-significant level. d. Expansive soils can undergo significant volume change with changes in moisture content. Specifically, such soils shrink and harden when dried and expand and soften when wetted. Expansive soils can shrink or swell and cause heaving and cracking of slabs-on-grade, pavements, and structures founded on shallow foundation. Building damage due to volume changes associated with expansive soil can be reduced by a variety of solutions. If structures are underlain by expansive soils, foundation systems must be capable of tolerating or resisting any potentially damaging soil movements, and building foundation areas must be properly drained. Exposed soils must be kept moist prior to placement of concrete for foundation construction. The Geotechnical Report prepared for the proposed project did not identify expansive soils on-site. Therefore, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less- than-significant impact would occur related to proposed structures being located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1B of the Uniform Building Code, thereby creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property. e. The proposed project would connect to existing City sewer services. Thus, the construction or operation of septic tanks or other alternative wastewater disposal systems is not included as part of the project. Therefore, no impact regarding the capability of soil to adequately support the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems would occur. f. Known unique geologic or paleontological resources have not been identified on-site. In addition, the project site has already been developed and, therefore, has been subject to substantial ground disturbance. Pursuant to Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11- 3, a records search request was submitted to the UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) on January 22, 2021.38 According to UCMP, fossils have not been previously reported from the direct project area. The following three Pleistocene deposits have been reported a few kilometers west of the project site: UCMP localities 164A, 164B, and V6319. In addition, several invertebrate localities that produced mollusks and echinoids from the Pliocene to Pleistocene Merced Formation have been recorded in former creek beds near V6319. UCMP staff noted that the aforementioned sites are older and were all collected when the area was less developed. The project area has since been built up, developed, and covered in fill. 38 Patricia Holroyd, Ph.D., Senior Museum Scientist at UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology. Personal Communication [email] with Briette Shea, Associate/Air Quality Technician at Raney Planning & Management, Inc. March 18, 2021. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 139 June 2021 Based on the records search, it is reasonably anticipated that ground-disturbing activity, such as grading, trenching, or excavating associated with implementation of the proposed project, would not have the potential to disturb or destroy any paleontological resources. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than- significant impact would occur related to the direct or indirect destruction of a unique paleontological resource. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures Implementation of the following mitigation measure would reduce the above impacts (see discussions ‘a.iii’ and ‘c’) to a less-than-significant level. V-1 Prior to approval of construction permits, the applicant shall retain a qualified geologist to prepare a site-specific design-level geotechnical exploration as part of the design process. The exploration shall include laboratory soil testing to provide additional data for preparation of specific recommendations regarding the following items: • Grading, existing fill removal, and fill compaction; • Consolidation settlement; • Liquefaction settlement; • Ground lurching; • Lateral spreading; • Site Specific Seismic Hazard Analysis (if required); • Foundation design; • Retaining walls; • Site drainage and landscaping irrigation; and • Pavement recommendations. The project applicant shall submit results of the design-level geotechnical exploration to the City’s Planning Division and/or City Engineer for review and approval. Findings The project site is not located within an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone, and the proposed structures would be designed to withstand seismic ground shaking via compliance with the 2019 CBSC. The on-site soils are not identified to be expansive, but may be liquefiable and subject to settlement. Project-specific Mitigation Measure V-1 requires further evaluation of the site by preparation of a design-level geotechnical exploration, and implementation of all recommendations therein. In addition, previously unknown unique paleontological resources are unlikely to be discovered during ground disturbing activities, based upon the records of the UCMP. With implementation of the aforementioned mitigation measures, the proposed project would not result in any additional environmental effects to Geology and Soils. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 140 June 2021 VI. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less Than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than- Significant Impact No Impact a. Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?     b. Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gasses?     Environmental Setting Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are components of earth’s atmosphere which affect the global climate by trapping and releasing thermal energy. Emissions of GHGs contributing to global climate change are attributable in large part to human activities associated with the industrial/manufacturing, utility, transportation, residential, and agricultural sectors. Therefore, the cumulative global emissions of GHGs contributing to global climate change can be attributed to every nation, region, and city, and virtually every individual on Earth. A project’s GHG emissions are at a micro-scale relative to global emissions, but could result in a cumulatively considerable incremental contribution to a significant cumulative macro-scale impact. Implementation of the proposed project would cumulatively contribute to increases of GHG emissions. Estimated GHG emissions attributable to future development would be primarily associated with increases of carbon dioxide (CO2) and, to a lesser extent, other GHG pollutants, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) associated with area sources, mobile sources or vehicles, utilities (electricity and natural gas), water usage, wastewater generation, and the generation of solid waste. The primary source of GHG emissions for the project would be mobile source emissions. The common unit of measurement for GHG is expressed in terms of annual metric tons of CO2 equivalents (MTCO2e/yr). The BAAQMD developed a threshold of significance for project-level GHG emissions in 2009. The District’s approach to developing the threshold was to identify a threshold level of GHG emissions for which a project would not be expected to substantially conflict with existing California legislation. At the time that the thresholds were developed, the foremost legislation regarding GHG emissions was AB 32, which established an emissions reduction goal of reducing statewide emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.39 The GHG emissions threshold of significance recommended by BAAQMD to determine compliance with AB 32 is 1,100 MTCO2e/yr. If a project generates GHG emissions above the BAAQMD’s adopted threshold level, the project is considered to generate significant GHG emissions and conflict with AB 32. The foregoing threshold is intended for use in assessing operational GHG emissions only. Construction of a proposed project would result in GHG emissions over a short-period of time in comparison to the operational lifetime of the project. To capture the construction-related GHG emissions due to buildout of the proposed project, such emissions are amortized over the duration of the construction period and added to the operational GHG emissions. Given that construction- related GHG emissions would not occur concurrently with operational emissions and would cease upon completion of construction activities, and that BAAQMD thresholds are based on annual emissions (i.e., emissions from a single year, rather than combined emissions from multiple 39 Bay Area Air Quality Management District. California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Update: Proposed Thresholds of Significance. December 7, 2009. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 141 June 2021 years), combining the two emissions sources represents a conservative estimate of annual project GHG emissions. Since the adoption of BAAQMD’s GHG thresholds of significance, the State legislature has passed SB 32, which builds upon AB 32 and establishes a statewide GHG reduction target of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Considering the legislative progress that has occurred regarding statewide reduction goals since the adoption of BAAQMD’s standards, the emissions thresholds presented above would determine whether a proposed project would be in compliance with the 2020 emissions reductions goals of AB 32, but would not necessarily demonstrate whether a project would be in compliance with SB 32. In accordance with the changing legislative environment, the BAAQMD has begun the process of updating their CEQA Guidelines; however, updated GHG thresholds of significance have not yet been adopted. In the absence of adopted BAAQMD thresholds for SB 32, GHG emissions resulting from the proposed project have been assessed in relation to other existing statewide, regional, and Citywide plans related to climate change, including the City’s Climate Action Plan (CAP). The MTC focuses on achieving GHG emissions reductions by encouraging a region wide transportation strategy, which would allow for a reduction of dependence on single passenger vehicles and an increase in alternative transit options. To accomplish the aforementioned transportation improvements, the MTC identified areas of the region where alternative transit options currently exist, and areas needing improvement. Areas with frequently recurring transit service and multiple alternative transportation options were identified in the MTC as being TPAs. The MTC concluded that further densification and growth in TPAs would lead to a greater proportion of the regional population living and working in areas that would provide easy access to alternative means of transportation, which would lead to a greater use of alternative means of transportation and a reduction in passenger vehicle dependence. The project site has been identified as being in a TPA and, thus, further compact and mixed-use development of the site is generally encouraged by the MTC as a means to achieve regional GHG emissions reductions. The project qualifies as a Transit Priority Project (TPP) and, thus, pursuant to PRC 21159.28, this environmental document is not required to reference, describe or discuss impacts from car and light duty truck trips on climate change or regional transportation network. Discussions of impacts from car and light duty truck trips on climate change is not required of TPPs because such projects are consistent with regional transportation plans, the implementation of which would contribute to regional reductions in GHG emissions. Accordingly, the analysis of project effects on GHG emissions does not include a discussion of the project’s GHG emissions from mobile sources; however, the discussion will analyze the project’s GHG emissions resulting from construction and other operational activities. South San Francisco CAP As a means of achieving the statewide GHG emissions reduction goals, the City of South San Francisco has prepared a CAP, which was adopted on February 13, 2014. Consistent with the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, the CAP presents a target reduction of 15 percent below baseline 2005 GHG emissions levels by 2020. The targets are consistent with statewide goals. In addition, the CAP includes a number of reduction measures intended to be implemented by the City in order to accomplish the reduction goals, and quantifies emissions reductions from the identified reduction measures in the years 2020 and 2035. The emissions reduction strategies developed by the City follows the BAAQMD’s CEQA Guidelines and the corresponding criteria for a Qualified Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Program as defined by the BAAQMD. Because the information included in the CAP fulfills the requirements of Section 15183.5 of the CEQA Guidelines, the CAP may be used in CEQA analyses of impacts related to GHG emissions from proposed 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 142 June 2021 projects. It should be noted that a quantitative threshold for GHG emissions for individual development projects has not been established by the City or set forth in the CAP. Current GHG Emissions from Existing Buildings The existing on-site commercial buildings generate GHG emissions during normal operations. The operational GHG emissions of the existing conditions have been modeling using CalEEMod, and the results are presented in Table 9 below. Table 9 Existing Conditions - Operational GHG Emissions Source Annual GHG Emissions (MTCO2e/yr) Area 0.01 Energy 228.22 Mobile 579.75 Solid Waste 37.73 Water 31.15 Total Operational Emissions 876.85 Source: CalEEMod, July 2020 (Appendix A). Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR The General Plan EIR does not include an analysis of impacts related to GHG emissions. However, the following policies, which relate to GHG emissions, are included in the City’s General Plan: • 7.3-G-2 Mitigate the South San Francisco community’s impact on climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions consistent with state guidance. • 7.3-G-5 Promote clean and alternative fuel combustion in mobile equipment and vehicles. • 7.3-I-6 Periodically update the inventory of community-wide GHG emissions and evaluate appropriate GHG emissions reduction targets, consistent with current State objectives, statewide guidance, and regulations. • 7.3-I-7 Adopt and implement the City of South San Francisco’s CAP, which will identify a GHG emissions reduction target and measures and actions to achieve the reduction target. • 7.3-I-8 Evaluate and regularly report to City Council, or its designee, on the implementation status of the CAP and update the CAP as necessary should the City find that adopted strategies are not achieving anticipated reductions, or to otherwise incorporate new opportunities. • 7.3-I-9 Promote land uses that facilitate alternative transit use, including high-density housing, mixed uses, and affordable housing served by alternative transit infrastructure. • 7.3-I-12 Adopt guidelines, standards, and flexible regulations that promote on-site renewable energy systems while strengthening South San Francisco’s economic competitiveness. • 7.3-I-13 Encourage efficient, clean energy and fuel use through collaborative programs, award programs, and incentives, while removing barriers to the expansion of alternative fuel facilities and infrastructure. • 7.3-I-14 Ensure that design guidelines and standards support operation of alternative fuel facilities, vehicles, and equipment. • 7.3-I-15 Demonstrate effective operations in municipal facilities that reduce GHG emissions. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 143 June 2021 Mitigation Measures from the General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.5 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluates potential impacts to global climate change that may result from GHG emissions related to the implementation of the proposed Plan. a. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the net increase in direct and indirect GHG emissions in 2040 when compared to existing conditions under Impact 2.5-2. Because implementation of the Plan Bay Area would result in a net reduction in GHG emissions in 2040 when compared to existing conditions, the impact would be less than significant. b. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to conflicting with the goal of SB 32 under Impact 2.5-3. While the Plan Bay Area would support progress towards attaining the 2030 and 2050 targets, even more aggressive GHG reduction actions, such as local implementation of GHG reduction plans, would be needed to conform to such long-term targets. Therefore, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the Plan may conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted to reduce emissions of GHGs. Implementation of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.5-3, requires measures consistent with the State 2017 Scoping Plan, including directing counties and cities to adopt qualified GHG reduction plans (e.g., CAPs). Mitigation, via CAPs for individual jurisdictions, or other programs, including retrofitting existing buildings, installing renewable energy facilities that replace reliance on fossil-fuel power in the region, alterations in the vehicle fleet (toward more non-fossil fuel-powered vehicles) and other measures would be required to meet the goals needed to attain the State’s 2030 targets. However, there is no assurance that this level of mitigation would be accomplished throughout the Bay Area. Moreover, MTC/ABAG cannot require local implementing agencies to adopt Mitigation Measure 2.5-3, and it is ultimately the responsibility of a lead agency to determine and adopt mitigation. According to the Plan Bay Area EIR, even with full implementation of the mitigation measure, forecasted emissions would not be reduced to target levels under SB 32. Thus, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impact remains significant and unavoidable. It should be noted that the significant and unavoidable determination above refers to buildout of the entire Plan Bay Area planning area. As discussed in further detail below, implementation of the proposed project would result in GHG emissions that are below the applicable thresholds of significance, and the project would be consistent with the City’s CAP and the 2017 Scoping Plan. As such, the proposed project’s incremental contribution to the significant and unavoidable impact would be less than cumulatively considerable. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.5-3, which requires adoption of a local Climate Action Plan (CAP) or other qualified GHG reduction plan, is focused on lead agency efforts and is not applicable to individual development projects. The City has already adopted a CAP, with which the proposed project would comply. In addition, as a TPP, implementation of the proposed project would reduce single-passenger vehicle trips and, thereby, reduce the mobile-sourced GHG emissions associated with land use development. For the preceding reasons, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.5-3 would not apply to the proposed project. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 144 June 2021 Project-Specific Impact Discussion a, b. Because the proposed project is a TPP, a discussion of impacts from light vehicle traffic on global climate change is not required, per Public Resources Code Section 21159.28(a). However, the remaining sources of GHG emissions must still be addressed. Construction GHG emissions are a one-time release and are, therefore, not typically expected to generate a significant contribution to global climate change. Neither the City nor BAAQMD has an adopted threshold of significance for construction-related GHG emissions. Nonetheless, the proposed project’s construction GHG emissions, as well as operational emissions, have been estimated using CalEEMod, under the same assumptions discussed in Section I, Air Quality, of this SCEA IS (see Appendix A). PG&E’s compliance with the State’s RPS was assumed in the modeling. As noted in the previous section of this SCEA IS, customers would be able to purchase renewably-sourced electricity through PCE. However, because future residents have the option to opt out of PCE services, the modeling conservatively assumed that PG&E would be the electricity provider for the project. In reality, emissions from electricity are expected to be lower than the levels presented herein. The emissions estimates prepared for the proposed project determined that unmitigated project construction would result in total GHG emissions of 1,749.14 MTCO2e over the course of four years. The most emissions-intensive year of construction is expected to occur in 2022, with construction resulting in 935.11 MTCO2e/yr. In order to provide a conservative estimate of emissions, the proposed project’s construction GHG emissions have been amortized over the anticipated construction period of the project. As shown in Table 10, total amortized unmitigated construction emissions would equate to 437.29 MTCO2e/yr over the assumed four-year construction period of the project. Table 10 Unmitigated Annual Project Construction GHG Emissions Year Annual GHG Emissions (MTCO2e/yr) 2021 35.57 2022 935.11 2023 554.90 2024 223.57 Total Construction Emissions 1,749.14 Amortized Annual Construction Emissions 437.29 Source: CalEEMod, July 2020 (Appendix A). According to the CalEEMod results, the proposed project would result in total annual GHG emissions as shown in Table 11, including the amortized construction emissions. Additionally, the GHG emissions associated with the current operations of the existing commercial buildings are also presented in the table. In the absence of the proposed project, the emissions would continue unabated. Considering that existing GHG emissions resulting from the current operations at the project site would continue in the absence of the proposed project, the analysis of operational GHG emissions presented in this SCEA IS focuses on the net change in emissions. Based on the total annual GHG emissions shown in the table, including amortized annual construction emissions, the proposed project would result in net new annual GHG emissions of 914.8 MTCO2e/yr. Thus, implementation of the proposed project would result 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 145 June 2021 in emissions below the applicable 1,100 MTCO2e/yr threshold of significance, and the proposed project would not be expected to have a significant impact related to GHG emissions. Table 11 Unmitigated Annual Operational GHG Emissions (MTCO2e/yr) Emission Source Existing Conditions Annual GHG Emissions Proposed Project GHG Emissions Net New Annual GHG Emissions Area 0.01 25.26 25.25 Energy 228.22 582.14 353.92 Stationary - 0.18 0.18 Solid Waste 37.73 111.04 73.31 Water 31.15 55.99 24.84 Amortized Construction Emissions - 437.29 437.29 Total Annual GHG Emissions 297.1 1,211.9 914.8 BAAQMD Threshold - - 1,100 Exceeds Threshold? - - NO Source: CalEEMod, July 2020 (Appendix A). Climate Action Plan The City’s CAP is implemented at the project level through preparation of the Development Review Checklist, which has been prepared for the proposed project and included as Appendix C to this SCEA IS. As noted therein, the project would comply with the majority of measures included in the CAP, including, but not limited to, the incorporation of: • Bicycle facilities; • High-density housing; • Payment of traffic impact fees; • Reduced parking; • LID practices; • EV charging spaces. As such, the proposed project would not conflict with the City’s CAP and, therefore, would not conflict with the applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs. It should be noted that the CAP focuses on achieving the goals set forth by AB 32. Consistency with 2017 Scoping Plan In the absence of adopted GHG emissions thresholds to assess compliance with SB 32, the BAAQMD has directed jurisdictions to qualitatively assess a project’s compliance with the recommended mitigation measures within the California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan (2017 Scoping Plan) as an alternative means of assessing a project’s potential impacts related to GHG emissions.40 40 Flores, Areana. Environmental Planner, Planning and Climate Protection. Personal communication [phone] with Jacob Byrne, Senior Associate/Air Quality Technician, Raney Planning and Management, Inc. September 17, 2019. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 146 June 2021 Appendix B to the CARB’s 2017 Scoping Plan provides examples of potentially feasible mitigation measures that could be considered to assess a project’s compliance with the State’s 2030 GHG emissions reductions goals. Thus, general compliance with the majority of the Local Actions within the 2017 Scoping Plan could be considered to demonstrate the project’s compliance with SB 32. The project’s consistency with the applicable Local Actions within the 2017 Scoping Plan is assessed in Table 12 below. Table 12 Project Consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan Suggested Measure Consistency Discussion Construction Enforce idling time restrictions for construction vehicles. Pursuant to the applicable Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-2, the idling time shall be limited to no more than two minutes. Construction fleets and all equipment operated as part of on-site construction activities would be subject to such idling restrictions. As such the proposed project would be required to comply with this measure. Require construction vehicles to operate with the highest tier engines commercially available. The project applicant has not committed to using construction equipment that complies with the highest tier engines commercially available. However, it should be noted that construction emissions would fall below the BAAQMD’s thresholds. As a result, project compliance with this measure is uncertain. Divert and recycle construction and demolition waste, and use locally- sourced building materials with a high recycled material content to the greatest extent feasible. The CALGreen Code requires the diversion of construction and demolition waste, and the proposed project would be required to comply with the requirements within the most up-to-date CALGreen Code. Thus, the project would be considered to comply with the suggested measure. Minimize tree removal, and mitigate indirect GHG emissions increases that occur due to vegetation removal, loss of sequestration, and soil disturbance. The Tree Inventory Report concluded that only two of the 61 on-site trees are considered to have good health, structural stability, and potential for longevity at the project site, but these two trees are located within the proposed development area. Additionally, the remaining 59 trees had fair or poor health, and were not recommended for preservation. While on-site trees would be removed as part of the proposed project, the project would include tree replacement as part of the Landscaping Plan. In addition, the proposed project would be required to comply with the City’s tree replacement standards. As such, the project would be considered to generally comply with the suggested measure. Utilize existing grid power for electric energy rather than operating temporary gasoline/diesel powered generators. Consistent with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.2-2, the contractor would use existing grid electricity to the extent feasible. However, the possibility exists that temporary natural gas or propane generators will be used for electricity in instances where grid electricity is not accessible. Overall, the project would be considered to generally comply with the suggested measure. Increase use of electric and renewable fuel powered construction equipment and require renewable The project applicant has not committed to the use of alternatively fueled construction equipment. Furthermore, the commercial availability of renewable 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 147 June 2021 Table 12 Project Consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan Suggested Measure Consistency Discussion diesel fuel where commercially available. diesel in the project area is currently unknown. Consequently, compliance with this suggested measure is uncertain at this time. Require diesel equipment fleets to be lower emitting than any current emission standard. The project applicant has not committed to reducing emissions from the construction fleet beyond any current emissions standards. Consequently, compliance with this suggested measure is uncertain at this time. Operations Comply with lead agency’s standards for mitigating transportation impacts under SB 743. As noted in Section XII, Transportation, of this SCEA IS, the project would result in a less-than-significant impact related to VMT. As a residential development within a TPA, a key objective of this project is to reduce VMT. Thus, project would be considered to comply with the suggested measure. Require on-site EV charging capabilities for parking spaces serving the project to meet jurisdiction-wide EV proliferation goals. Per the 2019 CALGreen Code, the project is required to provide the infrastructure necessary to facilitate installation of EV charging systems in six percent of total on-site parking spaces. Compliance with the 2019 CALGreen Code would ensure that the proposed project provides sufficient EV charging infrastructure to comply with this suggested measure. Dedicate on-site parking for shared vehicles. The project applicant has not committed to providing dedicated parking for shared vehicles. Therefore, compliance with the suggested measure is uncertain at this time. However, implementation of Transportation Demand Program prepared for the proposed project would otherwise incentivize carpool/vanpool programs and provide access to shared vehicles. Thus, the proposed project generally complies with the intent of the suggested measure. Provide adequate, safe, convenient, and secure on-site bicycle parking and storage in multi-family residential projects and in non-residential projects. The proposed project would include 24 short-term and a total of 240 long-term bicycle parking spaces in an enclosed space for residents. Accordingly, the project would comply with the suggested measure. Provide on- and off-site safety improvements for bike, pedestrian, and transit connections, and/or implement relevant improvements identified in an applicable bicycle and/or pedestrian master plan. As part of the project, a new sidewalk would be provided along the Airport Boulevard and San Mateo Avenue frontages, and a new sidewalk along the Produce Avenue and San Mateo Avenue frontages. In addition, the proposed project would directly connect to the Downtown Caltrain station through existing bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure. As a Condition of Approval, the City has required the applicant to construct off-site improvements, including installation of pedestrian-scale lighting along the Airport Boulevard undercrossing, and the removal of slip lanes and related improvements at the intersection of Airport Boulevard/San Mateo Avenue/Produce Avenue. Consequently, the project would comply with the suggested measure. Additional discussion of bicycle, pedestrian, and transit facilities is provided in Section XII, Transportation, of this SCEA IS. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 148 June 2021 Table 12 Project Consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan Suggested Measure Consistency Discussion Require on-site renewable energy generation. Consistent with the 2019 CBSC requirements for residential buildings over three stories, the rooftops of the proposed buildings would be designed to include infrastructure for the future provision of solar panels. Upon the incorporation of such solar panels, the project would comply with this suggested measure. Prohibit wood-burning fireplaces in new development, and require replacement of wood-burning fireplaces for renovations over a certain size development. The proposed project would not include wood-burning fireplaces. Thus, the proposed project would comply with the suggested measure. Require cool roofs and “cool parking” that promotes cool surface treatment for new parking facilities as well as existing surface lots undergoing resurfacing. The 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards contain requirements for the thermal emittance, three-year aged reflectance, and Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) of roofing materials used in new construction and re- roofing projects. Such standards, with which the project would be required to comply, would help to reduce heating and cooling costs associated with the proposed project. In addition, all parking would be internal within the first two stories of the building and, therefore, surface lot heat effects would not occur. Therefore, the proposed project would generally comply with the suggested measure. Require solar-ready roofs. The rooftop of the proposed buildings would be designed to include infrastructure for the provision of solar panels. Consequently, the project would comply with the suggested measure. Require organic collection in new developments. California state legislature AB 1826 requires commercial and multi-family customers to subscribe to organics recycling. Therefore, the proposed multi-family residential buildings would be required to include organic collection, and organic composting is mandatory for all businesses and institutions with four or more cubic yards of garbage service. In addition, the City’s garbage provider offers food scraps collection services for multi- family residential buildings. As such, future residents may have access to the organic collection service. Thus, the proposed project would include organic collection and the project would comply with the suggested measure. Require low-water landscaping in new developments (see CALGreen Divisions 4.3 and 5.3 and the Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance [MWELO], which is referenced in CALGreen). Require water efficient landscape maintenance to conserve water and reduce landscape waste. Project landscaping has been designed to integrate low and moderate water use plants to the maximum extent feasible. Landscaping within the project site would be required to comply with the CALGreen Code and all water efficiency measures therein, including the MWELO or any similar regulations adopted by the City of South San Francisco. Accordingly, the proposed project would comply with this measure. Achieve Zero Net Energy performance building standards prior to dates required by the Energy Code. The project applicant has not committed to achieving Zero Net Energy. Thus, compliance with the suggested measure is uncertain at this time. It should be noted that the CBSC does not require new high-rise multi-family 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 149 June 2021 Table 12 Project Consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan Suggested Measure Consistency Discussion residential developments to achieve Zero Net Energy at this time. Encourage new construction, including municipal building construction, to achieve third-party green building certifications, such as the GreenPoint Rated program, LEED rating system, or Living Building Challenge. The project applicant has committed that the project will be certified as GreenPoint Rated by Build It Green. Accordingly, the proposed project would comply with this measure. Expand urban forestry and green infrastructure in new land development. The project would include landscaping throughout the site, which would result in an increase in the total number of trees on-site, compared to the existing site conditions. Therefore, the project would expand urban forestry and comply with the suggested measure. Require preferential parking spaces for park and ride to incentivize carpooling, vanpooling, commuter bus, electric vehicles, and rail service use. The proposed project would include EV charging spaces, as required by the 2019 CALGreen Code. In addition, the proposed TDM includes measures that would incentivize alternative travel and reduce VMT, including, but not limited to, the following: bike repair standards/kiosks, carpool and vanpool incentives, subsidized transit passes, carshare programs, etc. Thus, the project would comply with the suggested measure. Require the installation of energy conserving appliances such as on- demand tank-less water heaters and whole-house fans. The proposed project would be required to comply with the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, a component of the CBSC, which includes standards related to installation of energy-efficient appliances and building features such as water heaters and ventilation systems. Thus, the project would generally comply with the suggested measure. Require each residential and commercial building equip buildings [sic] with energy efficient AC units and heating systems with programmable thermostats/timers. The proposed project would be required to comply with the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, a component of the CBSC, which includes standards related to energy-efficient heating and cooling systems. Thus, the project would generally comply with the suggested measure. Require large-scale residential developments and commercial buildings to report energy use, and set specific targets for per-capita energy use. The project applicant has not committed to reporting energy use or setting specific energy use targets. Accordingly, compliance with the suggested measure is uncertain at this time. Require each residential and commercial building to utilize low flow water fixtures such as low flow toilets and faucets (see CALGreen Divisions 4.3 and 5.3 as well as Appendices A4.3 and A5.3). The proposed project would be required to comply with the residential water efficiency regulations within the CALGreen Code. In addition, the project would include design features, such as inclusion of low-flow water fixtures, to reduce indoor water use by 15 percent. Thus, the proposed project would comply with the suggested measure. Require the use of energy-efficient lighting for all street, parking, and area lighting. All proposed exterior lighting would be LED type, consistent with the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. Thus, the proposed project would comply with the suggested measure. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 150 June 2021 Table 12 Project Consistency with the 2017 Scoping Plan Suggested Measure Consistency Discussion Require the landscaping design for parking lots to utilize tree cover and compost/mulch. Parking spaces are provided on the first two stories of the proposed building, and therefore would already be shaded. Nonetheless, the proposed landscaping plans include tree planting throughout the project area. Thus, the proposed project would generally comply with the suggested measure. Incorporate water retention in the design of parking lots and landscaping, including using compost/mulch. The proposed project would include installation of pervious surfaces, landscaped areas, and bio-retention areas, and would result in an overall net decrease in impervious surfaces (see Section VIII, Hydrology and Water Quality, for more information). As such, the proposed project would be consistent with the general intent of this suggested measure. Require the development project to propose an off-site mitigation project which should generate carbon credits equivalent to the anticipated GHG emission reductions. This would be implemented via an approved protocol for carbon credits from California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA), the California Air Resources Board, or other similar entities determined acceptable by the local air district. The project may alternatively purchase carbon credits from the CAPCOA GHG Reduction Exchange Program, American Carbon Registry (ACR), Climate Action Reserve (CAR) or other similar carbon credit registry determined to be acceptable by the local air district. The suggested mitigation measures included in the 2017 Scoping Plan are not considered to be requirements for local projects under CEQA, but instead represent options for projects to demonstrate compliance with the 2017 Scoping Plan. The inclusion of GHG off-set mitigation projects or the purchase of carbon credits is typically dependent on a project’s exceedance of the previously identified quantitative GHG thresholds. However, neither BAAQMD nor the City’s CAP have identified quantitative thresholds that could be used to determine that the project’s anticipated emissions would be such that an off-site mitigation project or purchase of GHG reduction credits would be required in order to comply with SB 32. Considering that the project has been shown to be generally consistent with the foregoing measures, the City, in its discretion as lead agency, has chosen not to require the project to implement an off-site mitigation project or purchase GHG reduction credits. Source: California Air Resources Board. AB 32 Scoping Plan [Appendix B]. Accessible at: https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm. Accessed September 2019. As demonstrated in the table above, the project complies with the majority of the Local Action items in the 2017 Scoping Plan. The Local Action items are examples of potentially feasible measures, and complete compliance with all of the measures is not necessary for a project to be considered to comply with SB 32. The primary goal of the 2017 Scoping Plan is to reduce GHG emissions, and the primary contributor of operational GHG emissions from residential projects is from VMT. Through project consistency with the Plan Bay Area, the project would reduce VMT and mobile- sourced emissions, and be consistent with the overall intent of the 2017 Scoping Plan. The proposed project is in a TPA, and would encourage the use of alternate modes of transportation by increasing the number of residents near existing and proposed means of public transit. Additionally, the project’s location in an urban employment area would allow employees that work in the surrounding commercial areas to walk or bike to work, eliminating the need for single passenger vehicle commutes, and thus reducing mobile GHG emissions. The proposed project would also offer a reduced number of vehicle parking 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 151 June 2021 spaces (relative to the City’s Municipal Code), while exceeding the number of bicycle parking spaces, to further discourage single passenger vehicle use while encouraging alternative modes of transit. Additionally, because the Project is within a TPA, the Project would also be consistent with the ABAG’s GHG reductions mandated by SB 375. Considering that the project’s operational and construction emissions would be below BAAQMD’s quantitative thresholds and the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area, the City’s CAP, and the majority of applicable Local Actions of the 2017 Scoping Plan, the project would not interfere with or impede the City’s efforts to reduce GHG emissions, and impacts would be considered less than significant. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings The Plan Bay Area was designed to help achieve regional GHG emissions reductions through the careful planning of transportation and land use projects. Project consistency with the Plan Bay Area was demonstrated through addressing the criteria in PRC 21155(b), included in the Project Description of this SCEA IS. As such, implementation of the project would work towards the goal of reducing regional GHG emissions. In addition, project modeling indicates that construction and operations of the proposed project would fall below the applicable thresholds of significance. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.5-3 is aimed at government entities, and does not apply to the proposed project. Because the project would not exceed any thresholds of significance, and would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area, the City’s CAP, and the 2017 Scoping Plan, the proposed project would not result in any additional environmental effects related to GHG Emissions. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 152 June 2021 VII. HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than- Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than- Significant Impact No Impact a. Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials?     b. Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the likely release of hazardous materials into the environment?     c. Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school?     d. Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment?     e. For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area?     f. Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?     g. Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to the risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires?     Environmental Setting The project site currently consists of six existing commercial buildings, which were constructed between 1982 and 1993, and associated paved area. The dates of construction for the buildings postdate the ban employed by the federal government regarding the use of lead-based paint and asbestos-containing materials. Existing development completely surrounds the site. According to a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) performed by ENGEO, the project area is not included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5, and the site is not known or expected to contain any existing contaminated soils. The San Francisco International Airport, which is the nearest airport to the project site, is located approximately 1.5 miles southeast of the site. The nearest school relative to the project site is Spruce Elementary School, located approximately 0.65-mile northwest of the site. Based on a search of the Standard Environmental Record source databases, several facilities on the leaking underground storage tanks (LUST), aboveground storage tanks (AST), and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) databases were identified. Nearby listings include, but are not limited to, the following: • Budget Rent-A-Car LUST at 177 South Airport Boulevard; • Airport Boulevard Service Station LUST at 190 Airport Boulevard; • Diadoti Construction LUST at 1461 San Mateo Avenue; • Union Carbide Corporation LUST at 7 South Linden Avenue; and 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 153 June 2021 • Shell Oil LUST at 140 Produce Avenue. However, based on the distances to the identified sites and regional topography, the Phase I ESA concluded that the identified sites would not pose an environmental risk to the project site. In 2002, the Asbestos Airborne Toxic Control Measure (ATCM) for Construction, Grading, Quarrying, and Surface Mining Operations (Title 17, Section 93105, of the California Code of Regulations) went into effect, which requires each air pollution control and air quality management district to implement and enforce the requirements of Section 93105 and propose their own asbestos ATCM as provided in Health and Safety Code section 39666(d).41 As a result, BAAQMD regulates construction activities that produce dust that could contain NOA. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR Chapter 4.7 of the General Plan EIR includes a discussion of hazards, hazardous materials, and emergency response. a,b,d. Impact 4.7-b discusses impacts related to accidental exposure to hazardous materials during operations. Implementation of the following General Plan policies would ensure that impacts related to hazardous materials would remain less than significant. • 7.2-I-3 Prepare and disseminate information, including a page on the City's web- site, about the potentially harmful effects of toxic chemical substances and safe alternative measures, including information about safe alternatives to toxics for home and garden use. • 8.3-G-1 Reduce the generation of solid waste, including hazardous waste, and recycle those materials that are used, to slow the filling of local and regional landfills, in accord with the California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989. • 8.3-G-2 Minimize the risk to life and property from the generation, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials and waste in South San Francisco. Comply with all applicable regulations and provisions for the storage, use and handling of hazardous substances as established by federal (EPA), state (DTSC, RWQCB, Cal OSHA, Cal EPA), and local (County of San Mateo, City of South San Francisco) regulations. • 8.3-I-1 Continue to work toward reducing solid waste, increasing recycling, and complying with the San Mateo County Integrated Waste Management Plan. • 8.3-I-2 Continue to comply with the Zoning Ordinance's hazardous waste regulations. • 8.3-I-3 Prepare a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) coverage for the sites included in the Cortese List of Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites. • 8.3-I-4 Establish an ordinance specifying routes for transporting hazardous materials. c,e. Impacts related to emitting hazardous emissions or hazardous materials within 0.25-mile from a school or related to safety hazards or exposure to excessive noise for people working or residing within two miles from an airport were not discussed within the General Plan EIR. 41 California Air Resources Board. 2002-07-29 Asbestos ATCM for Construction, Grading, Quarrying, and Surface Mining Operations. June 3, 2015. Available at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/atcm/asb2atcm.htm. Accessed July 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 154 June 2021 f. Impact 4.7-c analyzes how potential hazards could affect emergency responses or emergency evacuation routes. The General Plan EIR notes that development within the City could reduce the availability and effectiveness of evacuation routes and emergency vehicle access routes. However, with implementation of applicable General Plan policies, listed under item “a,b.d” above, the General Plan EIR concluded that impacts would be less than significant. g. Impacts associated with wildland fires are discussed under Impact 8.4-b of the General Plan EIR. Under General Plan Policy 8.4-I-1, the City shall institute a comprehensive fire hazard management program to reduce fire hazards to the maximum extent feasible. Therefore, with implementation of relevant policies set forth in the General Plan, impacts related to wildfire would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.13 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impacts related to hazards and hazardous materials that may result from implementation of the proposed Plan Bay Area. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impacts related to the routine transport or disposal of hazardous materials under Impact 2.13-1. Because of the existing federal, state, and local regulations and oversight in place that would effectively reduce the inherent hazard associated with these activities, the impact would be less than significant. b. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impacts related to the accidental release of hazardous materials into the environment under Impact 2.13-2. Existing regulations effectively reduce the potential for individual projects to create a hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials. Therefore, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impact would be less than significant. c. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impacts related to emissions or handling of hazardous materials within 0.25-mile of a school under Impact 2.13-3. All projects would be required to comply with federal and state regulations that are designed to reduce the potential for the release of large quantities of hazardous materials and wastes into the environment to an acceptable level, and in particular to protect schools. Existing federal, state, and local regulations and oversight would be sufficient to ensure that hazardous materials stored, used, transported, and disposed of under the proposed Plan would not pose a substantial hazard to the public or the environment, including children at schools, under normal conditions. Therefore, the impact would be less than significant. d. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impacts related to the proposed project being located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 under Impact 2.13-4. The potential for encountering hazardous materials or wastes would be dependent on site-specific conditions. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.13-4 requires preparation of a Phase I ESA if a project site 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 155 June 2021 is located on or near a hazardous materials or hazardous waste site, and compliance with its recommendations. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.13-4, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impacts would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above- referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impacts related to hazard materials or wastes would be less than significant. In addition, as discussed in further detail below, the proposed project is not located on a site that is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5, and implementation of the proposed project would result in no impact associated with such. e. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impacts related to the safety hazard for people residing or working within two miles of an airport under Impacts 2.13-5 and 2.13- 6. Due to existing regulations, impacts were determined to be less than significant. f. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impacts related to interfering with emergency response and evacuation plans under Impact 2.13-7. Emergency and evacuation plans are periodically updated to accommodate growth and would continue to be updated for growth and changes in projected development associated with the Plan. Therefore, the impact would be less than significant. g. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impacts related to wildland fires under Impact 2.13-8. Compliance with existing state and local regulations would effectively reduce the inherent hazard associated with development of areas with a high wildfire hazard to an acceptable level. Therefore, the impact would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.13-4 would apply to the proposed project, and has already been implemented. 2.13-4 Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • If the project is located on or near a hazardous materials and/or waste site pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5, or has the potential for residual hazardous materials and/or waste as a result of location and/or prior uses, the project sponsor shall prepare a Phase I ESA in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials’ E-1527-05 standard. For work requiring any demolition or renovation, the Phase I ESA shall make recommendations for any hazardous building materials survey work that shall be done. All recommendations included in a Phase I ESA prepared for a site shall be implemented. If a Phase I ESA indicates the presence or likely presence of contamination, the implementing agency shall require a Phase II ESA, and recommendations of the Phase II ESA shall be fully implemented. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 156 June 2021 Project-Specific Impact Discussion a. Residential land uses are not typically associated with the routine transport, use, disposal, or generation of substantial amounts of hazardous materials. Maintenance and operation of the proposed project may use common household cleaning products, fertilizers, and herbicides on-site, any of which could contain potentially hazardous chemicals; however, such products would be expected to be used in accordance with label instructions. Due to the regulations governing use of such products and the amount anticipated to be used on the site, routine use of such products would not represent a substantial risk to public health or the environment. Therefore, the project the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials, and a less-than- significant impact would occur. b. The following discussion provides an analysis of potential hazards and hazardous materials associated with upset or accident conditions related to the proposed construction activities and existing on-site conditions. Construction activities associated with the proposed project would involve the use of heavy equipment, which would contain fuels and oils, and various other products such as concrete, paints, and adhesives. Small quantities of potentially toxic substances (e.g., petroleum and other chemicals used to operate and maintain construction equipment) would be used at the project site and transported to and from the site during construction. However, the project contractor would be required to comply with all California Health and Safety Codes and any applicable local ordinances regulating the handling, storage, and transportation of hazardous and toxic materials. As noted in Section I, Air Quality, of this SCEA IS, the project site may contain NOA and, therefore, ground disturbing activities could release asbestos dust. The proposed project would be subject to all applicable regulations under the Asbestos ACTM for Construction, Grading, Quarrying, and Surface Mining Operations. Project-specific Mitigation Measure I-2 requires implementation of an Asbestos Dust Mitigation Plan during construction of the proposed project, and would reduce impacts related to exposure to naturally-occurring asbestos-containing dust to a less-than-significant level. A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) was prepared for the proposed project by ENGEO, Inc. for the purpose of identifying potential recognized environmental conditions (RECs) associated with the project site (see Appendix E).42 The Phase I ESA included a reconnaissance of the project site and a review of local, state, tribal, and federal environmental record sources, standard historical sources, aerial photographs, fire insurance maps and physical setting sources. Sources reviewed as part of the Phase I ESA indicate that the project site has been subject to prior development, beginning with three large structures visible in aerial photographs circa 1956. By 1993, the site was redeveloped with the commercial buildings that exist today. Considering the existing on- site buildings were constructed between 1982 and 1993, the buildings would not have used lead-based paint, as lead-based paint was banned in 1978.43 Similarly, asbestos was phased out in building materials by 1980 and, thus, the existing buildings are not anticipated to contain asbestos. Therefore, the proposed demolition of the buildings would 42 ENGEO, Inc. South San Francisco Business Park, South San Francisco, California, Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. October 23, 2018. 43 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Protect Your Family from Exposures to Lead. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/lead/protect-your-family-exposures-lead#:~:text=If%20your%20home%20was%20built ,common%20causes%20of%20lead%20poisoning.. Accessed July 14, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 157 June 2021 not expose construction workers to lead or asbestos from previous use of lead-based paints or asbestos-containing building materials. A site reconnaissance of the project site was conducted on September 26, 2018. The site was examined for hazardous materials storage, superficial staining or discoloration, debris, stressed vegetation, or other conditions that may be indicative of potential sources of soil or groundwater contamination. The site reconnaissance indicated that underground storage tanks (USTs) and/or ASTs were not identified on-site, and a Vapor Encroachment Screening indicated that there are not any petroleum hydrocarbon sources within 0.1-mile of the site, and one volatile organic compound source within 0.3-mile of the site. One of the six existing on-site buildings is a laboratory, and includes storage of several chemicals, gas tanks, and hazardous waste. However, all associated hazardous materials were appropriately stored, and would not pose a risk to the project site. Overall, the Phase I ESA did not identify any RECs, nor any existing on-site or off-site hazards that could be exacerbated by development of the project. Based on the above, operations of the proposed project would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the likely release of hazardous materials into the environment. Construction activities could result in the production of asbestos-containing dust from NOA, but this potential impact would be mitigated by project-specific Mitigation Measure I-2. Implementation of project-specific Mitigation Measure I-2 would be required by the City as a condition of approval for the proposed project. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would occur. c. The nearest school relative to the project site is Spruce Elementary School, located approximately 0.65-mile northwest of the site. Therefore, the proposed project would have no impact related to hazardous emissions or the handling of hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school. d. According to the Department of Toxic Substances Control’s Hazardous Waste and Substances Site List, the project site is not located on a site that is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5.44 Thus, the proposed project would not create a significant hazard to the public or the environment, and no impact would occur. e. The nearest airport to the project site is the San Francisco International Airport, located approximately 1.5 miles southeast of the site. According to the Comprehensive Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for the Environs of San Francisco International Airport (Land Use Plan), the project site falls within the boundaries for Airport Influence Areas A and B. Area B is a subset of, and thus within, Area A. For projects located within Area B, the Airport Land Use Commission must review and approve development proposals, and a real estate disclosure form must be prepared for future residents. However, the project site is located outside of the Outer Boundary of Safety Zones, and outside of the Outer Boundary of Terminal Instrument Procedure (TERPS) Approach and One Engine 44 Department of Toxic Substances Control. Hazardous Waste and Substances Site List. Available at: https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/search.asp?cmd=search&reporttype=CORTESE&site_type=CSITES. Accessed July 14, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 158 June 2021 Inoperative (OEI) Departure Surfaces. As shown in Exhibit IV-6 of the Land Use Plan, the project site is located outside of the 65 dB contour.45 Because the project site is not located within a Safety Zone or a TERPS Approach and OEI Departure Surface, no impact would occur related to safety hazards. In addition, because the project site would be subject to less than 65 dB from airport operations the project would not subject future residents and employees to excessive noise. Therefore, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would occur related to a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area. f. During operation, the proposed project would provide adequate access for emergency vehicles and would not interfere with potential evacuation or response routes used by emergency response teams. During construction of the proposed project, all construction equipment would be staged on-site so as to prevent obstruction of local and regional travel routes in the City that could be used as evacuation routes during emergency events. The project would not substantially alter the existing circulation system in the surrounding area. As a result, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than- significant impact would occur with respect to impairing the implementation of or physically interfering with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. g. Issues related to wildfire hazards are discussed in Section XV, Wildfire, of this SCEA IS. As noted therein, the project site is not located within a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone.46 In addition, the project site is located within an urbanized area of the City of South San Francisco, is surrounded by existing development, and bounded by Colma Creek to the south. The developed nature of the area surrounding the project site precludes the spread of wildfire to the site. Thus, the potential for wildland fires to reach the project site would be limited. The proposed project would not expose people or structures to the risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires, including where wildlands are adjacent to urbanized areas or where residences are intermixed with wildlands. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would occur. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings Hazards related to development projects are typically related to the use of hazardous materials, the location of projects on a site that was previously exposed to hazardous materials, or the interference with adopted emergency response plans, among other factors. The Phase I ESA, which fulfilled the requirements of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.13-4, concluded that known hazardous materials have not been used on the site, and nearby sites known to contain hazardous materials are not anticipated to impact the project site. Residential land uses do not typically involve the use, transport or disposal of hazardous materials, and therefore would not create a risk associated with hazardous materials. Additionally, the project site is already 45 City/County Association of Governments of San Mateo County. Comprehensive Airport Land Use Plan for the Environs of San Francisco International Airport. November 2012. 46 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. San Mateo County Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA. November 24, 2008. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 159 June 2021 developed and surrounded by existing urban infrastructure. The project would not alter or interfere with the City’s existing circulation system and, thus, the project would not interfere with circulation in a way that could impact existing emergency response or evacuation plans. As such, the project would not result in any additional environmental effects related to Hazards and Hazardous Materials. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 160 June 2021 VIII. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than- Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than- Significant Impact No Impact a. Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality?     b. Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin?     c. Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: i. Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site;     ii. Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or offsite;     iii. Create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; or     iv. Impede or redirect flood flows?     d. In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation?     e. Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan?     Environmental Setting The project site currently contains six commercial buildings and associated paved areas. The site is located adjacent to Colma Creek, and approximately one mile from the western edge of the San Francisco Bay. The site does not contain creeks, wetlands or other hydrologic features. The project site is located in a highly developed area of South San Francisco. Currently, the project site is almost entirely comprised of impervious surfaces and, as a result, stormwater is directed to on-site drains and ultimately to the City’s stormwater system. Stormwater The City of South San Francisco owns and maintains the storm drain system adjacent to the site. Site 1 currently drains to the existing storm drain system in San Mateo Avenue, which flows to a 24-inch outfall (Outfall #3). A portion of Site 2 also drains to the 24-inch outfall. Other portions of Site 2 drain to three separate 15-inch outfalls to Colma Creek (Outfalls #1, #2, and #4). Flooding The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) publishes Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) that delineate flood hazard zones for communities. According to FIRM Number 06081C0043F, the project site is designated primarily as an Area of Minimal Flood Hazard (Zone X), with the edges of the project site designated as an 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Hazard 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 161 June 2021 (Zone X).47 Developments within Zone X are not required to elevate or flood proof, as risk of flooding is considered low. Groundwater The project site is located within the boundaries of the South Westside Basin. Groundwater recharge is highest in the northwestern portions of the basin, corresponding to areas of sandy soils, and in areas with significant unpaved, irrigated land, such as golf courses and cemeteries. Recharge is lowest along the margins of San Francisco Bay, corresponding to areas with Bay Muds, and along the steep slopes of San Bruno Mountain. Groundwater used for water supply in the South Westside Basin is generally good quality and delivered water meets all state and federal regulations.48 The South San Francisco District has seven wells with a total design capacity of 1,365 gallons per minute (gpm). If operated full-time, these wells could produce 1.97 mgd (2,207 acre-feet per year [AFY]). This production capacity represents approximately 20 to 25 percent of the annual demand in the district, with the remaining demand being met by purchased surface water, as discussed further in Section XIV, Utilities and Service Systems, of this SCEA IS. As such, groundwater is not a significant source of water for the City of South San Francisco. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR Chapter 4.12 of the General Plan EIR evaluates the potential effects of the General Plan related to hydrology and water quality. Chapter 4.6 of the General Plan EIR includes a discussion of water facilities, and Chapter 4.7 of the General Plan EIR analyzed impacts related to flooding. a. The General Plan EIR analyzed impacts related to the quality of local water resources. Urban pollution, such as landscaping chemicals, cleaning solvents, litter, and others, can create a negative impact on water quality. However, the following General Plan policies address the issue, and would reduce potential impacts to a less-than-significant level. • 7.2-G-1 Comply with the San Francisco Bay RWQCB regulations and standards to maintain and improve the quality of both surface water and groundwater resources. • 7.2-G-2 Enhance the quality of surface water resources and prevent their contamination. • 7.2-G-3 Discourage use of insecticides, herbicides, or toxic chemical substances within the city. • 7.2-I-1 Continue working with the San Francisco Bay RWQCB in the implementation of the NPDES, and continue participation in STOPPP [the San Mateo Countywide Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program] for the protection of surface water and groundwater quality. • 7.2-I-2 Review and update the Best Management Practices adopted by the City and in STOPPP as needed. • 7.2-I-3 Prepare and disseminate information, including a page on the City's web- site, about the potentially harmful effects of toxic chemical substances and safe alternative measures, including information about safe alternatives to toxics for home and garden use. 47 Federal Emergency Management Agency. Flood Insurance Rate Map 06081C0043F. April 5, 2019. 48 Regional Water System. South Westside Basin Groundwater Management Plan. July 2012. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 162 June 2021 b,e. Impact 4.6-b of the General Plan EIR discusses ways the development under the General Plan would degrade or deplete groundwater quality, and Impact 4.6-c discusses impacts related to groundwater recharge. As noted therein, groundwater is not a significant source of water in the City of South San Francisco, and compliance with applicable General Plan policies, listed below, would minimize potential impacts to a less-than-significant level. • 7.2-G-1 Comply with the San Francisco Bay RWQCB regulations and standards to maintain and improve the quality of both surface water and groundwater resources. • 7.2-I-1 Continue working with the San Francisco Bay RWQCB in the implementation of the NPDES, and continue participation in STOPPP for the protection of surface water and groundwater quality. ci. The General Plan EIR analyzed impacts related to erosion and sedimentation under Impact 4.12-b. Construction of new facilities under the General Plan could result in increased erosion and sedimentation, with subsequent impacts to water quality and/or storm drain capacity during construction. However, implementation of all applicable General Plan policies, specifically policies 7.2-I-1 and 7.2-I-2, listed above, would reduce potential impacts to a less-than-significant level. cii-d. The General Plan EIR Impact 4.7-a includes an analysis of future development and increased impervious surface areas on runoff and flooding potential. South San Francisco is a highly developed urban area with a substantial amount of impervious surfaces. Further development under the General Plan would create additional impervious surfaces, which would alter drainage patterns and increase the risk of flooding. However, compliance with applicable policies within the General Plan would reduce potential impacts to a less-than- significant level. • 7.2-I-2 Review and update the Best Management Practices adopted by the City and in STOPPP as needed. • 8.2-G-1 Minimize the risk to life and property from flooding in South San Francisco. • 8.2-I-1 Continue working with the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) in the implementation of the San Mateo Countywide Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program (STOPPP). • 8.2-I-2 Use the City's development review process to ensure that proposed development subject to the 100-year flood provides adequate protection from flood hazards. • 8.2-I-3 Encourage FEMA to update the 100-year floodplain boundaries to reflect the new limits of flood hazard constraint to be determined by the completion of the Colma Creek Flood Control Improvement Project. Mitigation Measures from General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.8 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impacts to hydrology and water quality associated with future land development under the proposed Plan Bay Area. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce such impacts. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 163 June 2021 a. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to water quality standards or waste or stormwater discharge requirements under Impact 2.8-1. Land use and transportation projects under the Plan Bay Area would likely result in a net increase of impervious surfaces. However, because existing regulations are in place to specify mandatory actions that must occur during project development, which would adequately address potential for construction or operation of projects to result in violation of water quality standards, or waste or stormwater discharge requirements, a less-than- significant impact would occur. b,e. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to interference with or reduction rates of groundwater recharge due to the increased impervious surfaces under Impact 2.8-2. The Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that, with compliance with existing regulations related to groundwater recharge, the impact would be less than significant. ci. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to erosion and sedimentation by altering existing drainage patterns under Impact 2.8-3. Implementation of the Plan could result in new development that could change existing drainage patterns. However, existing regulations would effectively reduce the alterations of existing drainage patterns to an acceptable level, and the impact would be less than significant. cii, ciii. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to increased rates of runoff that could cause potential flood hazards and effects on water quality under Impact 2.8-6. All projects implemented under the Plan Bay Area would be required to adhere to the appropriate local and state requirements that are designed to ensure that flooding conditions are not exacerbated and water quality is not adversely affected. As such, the impact would be less than significant. civ. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to placing structures within a 100-year flood hazard area under Impact 2.8-7. Existing state and federal regulations would reduce any potential impacts related to impeding or redirecting flood flows associated with projects located within a flood hazard zone to an acceptable level, and the impact would be less than significant. d. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to project inundation from flooding, tsunami, or seiche under Impact 2.8-8. The Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that, with compliance with existing state and federal regulations, the impact would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.5-4(c), while included in the Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases section of the Plan Bay Area EIR, is related to flooding, specifically sea level rise, and, thus, has been included here and would apply to the project: 2.5-4(c) Implementing agencies shall require project sponsors to incorporate the appropriate adaptation strategy or strategies to reduce the impacts of sea level rise on specific local transportation and land use development projects, where feasible, based on project- and site-specific considerations. Potential adaptation strategies are included in the Adaptation Strategies (see Appendix F of this [Plan Bay Area] Draft EIR). 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 164 June 2021 Project-Specific Impact Discussion a. The following discussion provides a summary of the proposed project’s potential to violate water quality standards/waste discharge requirements or otherwise degrade water quality during construction and operation. Construction During the early stages of construction activities, topsoil would be exposed due to demolition, grading and excavation of the site. After grading and prior to overlaying the ground surface with impervious surfaces and structures, the potential exists for wind and water erosion to discharge sediment and/or urban pollutants into stormwater runoff, which could adversely affect water quality downstream. The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) regulates stormwater discharges associated with construction activities where clearing, grading, or excavation results in a land disturbance of one or more acres. The City’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requires applicants to show proof of coverage under the State’s General Construction Permit prior to receipt of any construction permits. The State’s General Construction Permit requires a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to be prepared for the site. A SWPPP describes Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control or minimize pollutants from entering stormwater and must address both grading/erosion impacts and non-point source pollution impacts of the development project. Because the proposed project would disturb greater than one acre of land, the proposed project would be subject to the requirements of the State’s General Construction Permit. In addition, the project would be required to comply with Chapter 14.04, Stormwater Management and Discharge Control, of the City’s Municipal Code, which includes standards for managing stormwater runoff during construction and operation. Per Section 14.04.180, all construction sites within the City must implement year-round erosion control, run-on and runoff control, sediment control, active treatment systems (if appropriate), good site management, and non-stormwater management through all phases of construction until the site is stabilized. Due to the mandated compliance of project construction activities with the State’s General Construction Permit and Chapter 14.04 of the City’s Municipal Code, the proposed project would not discharge sediment or urban pollutants through soil erosion, violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements, or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality during construction. Operation The proposed residential buildings would not involve operations typically associated with the generation or discharge of polluted water. Thus, typical operations on the project site would not violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements, nor degrade water quality. However, the incorporation of impervious surfaces on the site would result in the generation of urban runoff, which could contain pollutants if the runoff comes into contact with such sources as vehicle fluids on parking surfaces and/or landscape fertilizers or herbicides. The County of San Mateo has adopted C.3 Stormwater Standards, which require new development and redevelopment projects that create or alter 10,000 or more sf of impervious area to contain and treat all stormwater runoff from the project site. The proposed project would replace a substantial amount of existing impervious surfaces on 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 165 June 2021 both sites. Thus, the project would be subject to the requirements of the C.3 Stormwater Standards related to stormwater treatment. However, the project would result in a net decrease in impervious surface area within the site. Site 1 is currently developed with 81,478 sf of impervious surface area, and following implementation of the proposed project, including the addition of pervious landscaped areas, Site 1 would have 81,137 sf of impervious surface area. Similarly, Site 2 is currently developed with 59,763 sf of impervious surface area. Following implementation of the proposed project, Site 2 would contain 54,946 sf of impervious surface area. Per the Municipal Regional Stormwater Permit Order No. R2-0074, certain projects, including transit-oriented developed, such as the proposed project, are eligible for Low Impact Design (LID) Treatment Reduction Credits. The LID Treatment Reduction Credit is the maximum percentage of the amount of runoff that may be treated with non-LID treatment measures, such as tree-box-type high flowrate biofilters or vault-based high flowrate media filters. The proposed project qualifies for a 75 percent LID treatment reduction, meaning that 25 percent of impervious surface area will require treatment using LID retention measures, and the remaining 75 percent of impervious surface area can be treated using non-LID measures. The proposed project would treat stormwater from the project site using a combination of self-retaining areas, bioretention within the podium level courtyards, and two at-grade media filters. A preliminary Stormwater Control Plan has been prepared for the proposed project (see Figure 11 and Figure 12) that demonstrates the project’s compliance with the most recent San Mateo County C.3 Guide.49 The proposed project would divide the site into six total drainage management areas (DMAs) and associated pervious surfaces, planters, and bioretention areas. Runoff from each DMA would be either self-retaining, or captured and directed towards a media filter or one of the two bioretention areas. The bio-retention basins and pervious pavement would treat stormwater primarily by filtering runoff slowly through an active layer of soil, allowing for removal of pollutants. The self-retaining areas (Site 1 DMA 1 and Site 2 DMA 1) would consist of media filters to allow stormwater to infiltrate, and be filtered for larger particles and pollutants. Treated runoff from Site 1 would be directed towards the existing storm drainpipe in San Mateo Avenue. Treated runoff from Site 2 would be directed to an existing outfall to Colma Creek. Per the preliminary Stormwater Control Plan prepared for the proposed project, the bio- retention areas and pervious surfaces would be sized to adequately handle all runoff from the proposed impervious surfaces and landscaping within each DMA. Thus, the proposed project would comply with the City and County requirements and would meet the C.3 Standards related to stormwater treatment. During operation, the project would comply with all relevant water quality standards and waste discharge requirements, and would not degrade water quality. Conclusion Based on the above, the proposed project would not result in the violation of water quality standards or degradation of water quality during construction or operation, and, consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR, the projected impact would be less than significant. 49 San Mateo Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program. C.3 Regulated Projects Guide, Version 1.0. January 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 166 June 2021 Figure 11 Preliminary Stormwater Control Plan – Site 1 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 167 June 2021 Figure 12 Preliminary Stormwater Control Plan – Site 2 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 168 June 2021 b,e The proposed project would include a rezone from BC to a zoning designation that allows high-density residential. High-density residential development would involve a higher water demand when compared to the BC land use. As such, the General Plan EIR and Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed buildout of the site at a lower intensity development than what is proposed. However, per the Cal Water 2015 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) for the South San Francisco District, groundwater currently accounts for approximately 10 to 15 percent of the District’s water supplies.50 The volume of groundwater pumped is planned to remain consistent over time in order to ensure sustainable groundwater maintenance, and the South Westside Groundwater Management Plan concluded that the projected groundwater supply meets the projected demand of 1,535 AFY.51 As such, even though the water demand is anticipated to increase with implementation of the proposed project, the increased demand would not impact the volume of groundwater that is pumped. Groundwater recharge refers to the percolation of surface water, often stormwater, through pervious surfaces and into groundwater. Considering the project site is currently developed and covered in primarily impervious surfaces, the project site does not currently play a substantial role in groundwater recharge. Because the project would not increase the amount of impervious surface area on-site, implementation of the proposed project would not further interfere with groundwater recharge at the project site. Furthermore, per the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act Basin Prioritization Dashboard, the Westside Groundwater Basin is considered Very Low Priority per the Department of Water Resources, and implementation of the project would not adversely affect recharge of a high priority groundwater basin.52 Therefore, the proposed project would not substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the Westside Groundwater Basin. In addition, the project would not conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or the South Westside Basin Groundwater Management Plan. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than-significant impact would occur. c.i-iii. The project site is currently developed and includes paved areas. As noted under question ‘a’, above, development of the proposed project would result in a net decrease in impervious surfaces on the project site. In addition, the project is required to comply with C.3 Standards. Compliance with C.3 Standards would be sufficient to ensure that the proposed project does not exceed the capacity of existing storm drain infrastructure, cause flooding on- or off-site, or result in off-site erosion or siltation after development of the site. Per the Countywide Hydromodification Control Area Map in the San Mateo County C.3 Stormwater Technical Guidance Appendix H, the proposed project would not be subject to Hydromodification Management requirements.53 Hydromodification Management techniques focus on retaining, detaining, or infiltrating runoff such that post-project stormwater flows remain similar to pre-project conditions. The specific Hydromodification 50 California Water Service. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan, South San Francisco District [pg. 54]. June 17, 2016. 51 Regional Water System. South Westside Basin Groundwater Management Plan [pg. 3-19]. July 2012. 52 Department of Water Resources. Sustainable Groundwater Management Act Basin Prioritization Dashboard. Available at: https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/bp-dashboard/final/. Accessed July 16, 2020. 53 San Mateo Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program. C.3 Stormwater Technical Guidance: Version 3.2 [Page H-3]. January 4, 2013. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 169 June 2021 Management requirements apply if a project is located in a susceptible area, creates or replaces one or more acre of impervious surface area, and increases impervious surfaces over pre-project conditions.54 Because the project site is not located within a designated susceptible area, the Hydromodification Management requirements do not apply. BKF Engineers prepared a Storm Drain Report for the proposed project.55 In order to determine the effects of the project on the storm drain system, the Storm Drain Report compared the existing and proposed flows from the project site (i.e., Site 1 and Site 2) to Colma Creek at each of the four outfalls. The existing runoff to Colma Creek was calculated to be 9.63 cubic feet per second (CFS). The proposed runoff to Colma Creek, upon development of the proposed project and installation of the on-site storm drainage system, was calculated to be 9.47 CFS. Therefore, the overall runoff to Colma Creek would be decreased in the post-project condition. It is assumed that the impacts on Colma Creek from changes to the distribution of the flow between outfalls would be negligible due to the relative proximity of the four outfalls. Based on the above, the proposed project would not substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would result in substantial erosion, siltation, or flooding on- or off-site, create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems, or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff. Consequently, the proposed project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and would result in a less-than-significant impact. c.iv. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) FIRM No. 06081C0043F, the project site is designated primarily as an Area of Minimal Flood Hazard (Zone X), with the edges of the project site designated as an 0.2 Percent (i.e., 500-year) Annual Chance Flood Hazard (Zone X).56 As such, the project site is not classified as a Special Flood Hazard Area or otherwise located within a 100-year floodplain. Therefore, development of the proposed project would not impede or redirect flood flows and no impact would result. While the effects of sea level rise on future residents is beyond the scope of CEQA, insofar as it pertains to the environment’s effect on the project, this issue has been addressed given the SCEA’s reliance on the Plan Bay Area EIR for CEQA streamlining purposes. Due to the proximity of the site to Colma Creek, a tidally-influenced waterway, portions of the project site could be subject to flooding, including inundation from sea level rise. Consistent with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.5-4(c), a Technical Memorandum regarding Sea Level Rise Strategy was prepared for the proposed project by BKF Engineers.57 The Plan Bay Area 2040 EIR determined that sea level rise projections for the year 2050 range from 4.8 and 23.9 inches. The finished floor elevations of Site 1 and Site 2 have been designed to elevation 12.90 feet and 13.10 feet above sea level, respectively. The aforementioned minimum floor elevations will be imposed as a condition of approval on the project. Considering that the proposed building elevations are approximately three feet above the current 100-year base flood elevation and 54 San Mateo Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program. Hydromodification Management Requirements: Information for Developers, Builders and Project Applicants. July 2016. 55 BKF Engineers. PS Business Parks – Storm Drain Report – Existing Outfall Impacts. April 30, 2021. 56 Federal Emergency Management Agency. Flood Insurance Rate Map 06081C0043F. April 5, 2019. 57 BKF Engineers. Technical Memorandum: PS Business Parks – Sea Level Rise Strategy. March 22, 2021. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 170 June 2021 approximately one foot above the current 500-year base flood elevation, the proposed project, as currently designed, reduces the potential impacts from sea level rise to a less than significant level by elevating the building finished floors above the 2050 sea level rise projections. As a result, this SCEA demonstrates compliance with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.5-4(c). d. As discussed under paragraph ‘c.iv’ of this section, the project site is not located within a flood hazard zone. Thus, the proposed development would not be subject to substantial flooding risks. Tsunamis are defined as sea waves created by undersea fault movement, whereas a seiche is a long-wavelength, large-scale wave action set up in a closed body of water such as a lake or reservoir. While the project site is located relatively close to the Pacific Ocean (approximately one mile to the western border of the San Francisco Bay), the project site is not located within a Tsunami Inundation Area.58 Therefore, the proposed project would not be exposed to flooding risks associated with tsunamis. Seiches do not pose a risk to the proposed project, as the project site is not located adjacent to any closed body of water. Therefore, the proposed project would not pose a risk related to the release of pollutants due to project inundation due to flooding, tsunami, or seiche, and no impact would occur. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings When development occurs in undeveloped areas, changes to site hydrology can lead to the degradation of water quality, the depletion of water quality and the exposure of structures and people to flood risk. Because the project site has already been developed, the hydrology and drainage patterns of the site would remain fairly constant. The project would involve the demolition of the existing structures, which would expose site soils to erosion; however, implementation of construction BMPs would be required to control erosion, and the proposed project would comply with all stormwater runoff regulations during operations. Additionally, the project site is not located in an area at major risk of flooding and, thus, would not increase the risk of flooding to people or structures. The project site is susceptible to sea level rise, but, as noted above, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.5-4(c) has already been implemented, and would reduce such impacts. Therefore, the proposed project would not result in any additional environmental effects related to Hydrology or Water Quality. 58 California Department of Conservation. Tsunami Inundation Map for Emergency Planning: State of California, County of San Mateo, San Francisco South Quadrangle. June 15, 2009. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 171 June 2021 IX. LAND USE AND PLANNING. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than-Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than-Significant Impact No Impact a. Physically divide an established community?     b. Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect?     Environmental Setting The pattern of land uses in the Bay Area includes a mix of open space, agriculture, developed urban centers, a variety of suburban commercial and residential areas, and scattered older towns. South San Francisco, in particular, has a distinctive land use pattern that showcases the decision to initially locate industrial areas east of supporting homes and businesses. The second development trend that shaped the arrangement of land uses was the extensive residential development that occurred during the 1940s and 1950s, which resulted in large areas almost entirely developed with single-family housing. As a result, South San Francisco is largely comprised of single-use areas, with industrial uses in the eastern and southeastern portions of the City, single-family homes to the north and west, commercial uses along a few transportation corridors, and multi-family housing clustered in those same corridors and on hillsides. According to the City’s General Plan, single family residences are the most predominant land use. However, industrial uses, including warehouses, manufacturing areas and business parks, comprise over a quarter of South San Francisco's area. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR Impacts related to land use are discussed in Chapter 4.2 of the General Plan EIR. However, at the time of preparation of the General Plan EIR, the CEQA checklist questions were different. As a result, due to the age of the General Plan EIR, the potential for buildout of the General Plan to physically divide an established community or to cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan adopted for the purpose of avoiding an environmental effect is not analyzed in the General Plan EIR. Mitigation Measures from General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.3 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impacts related to land use and planning that may result from implementation of the proposed Plan Bay Area. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzes whether implementation of the Plan would physically divide an established community under Impact 2.3-2. The anticipated growth footprint planned for development in the Plan Bay Area is located primarily within areas that are currently developed. Consequently, the majority of the new development would occur as infill development, in accordance with the adopted land use plans and zoning ordinances of the cities and counties in the area. In fact, land use development under the Plan Bay Area would create more centralized areas of residential areas and commercial centers, and would not physically divide established communities. The Plan Bay Area EIR does 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 172 June 2021 note, however, that implementation of transportation projects, pursuant to Plan Bay Area, could result in the physical division of established communities, thus requiring construction of replacement housing, which could result in environmental impacts. While the Plan Bay Area EIR identifies mitigation measures to reduce prospective environmental impacts from construction of replacement housing, MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as those identified in the Land Use and Physical Development chapter of the Plan Bay Area EIR. Thus, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impact would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impact related to construction of replacement housing would be less than significant. In the case of the proposed project, and as discussed in further detail below, the proposed project would not divide an established community and, thus, would result in a less-than-significant impact. b. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzes this impact under Impact 2.3-3. As discussed under Impact 2.3-3, projects would be required to demonstrate consistency with relevant plans in order to obtain permits and otherwise meet lead agency requirements. Project review and approval would include the consideration of project modification, alternatives, or plan amendments, as appropriate, to allow for implementation of a specific project. Per the Plan Bay Area EIR, impacts would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.3-2 is specific to transportation projects and, therefore, is not applicable to the proposed project. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a. A project risks dividing an established community if the project would introduce infrastructure or alter land uses so as to change the land use conditions in the surrounding community, or isolate an existing land use. Currently, the project site is developed with six existing single-story commercial buildings. The two sites are bound by Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue to the east, Colma Creek to the south and west, and Caltrain railroad tracks to the north. San Mateo Avenue transects the site. Rather than divide an established community, the proposed project would redevelop the project site with a Transit Priority Project that meets Plan Bay Area’s intent for development within a TPA. As such, the proposed project would not physically divide an established community, and a less-than-significant impact would occur. b. As noted above, in order to accommodate the proposed project, the applicant has proposed a text and map amendment to the General Plan. The proposed text amendment would add new text to the General Plan, allowing the City to apply the Downtown Transit Core (DTC) land use designation to additional areas it deems appropriate for transit- oriented development. The proposal creates a mechanism for the City to permit the proposed project to rely on the DTC designation, while the broader General Plan Update is pending, such that the project can move forward now, rather than waiting for the adoption of the General Plan Update. In addition, the proposal is consistent with the Preferred Land Use Scenario (PLUS) for the General Plan Update. Also important is the requirement for any future project similarly requesting the DTC land use designation to undergo site-specific environmental review under CEQA. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 173 June 2021 The project also requires an amendment to the DSASP. Site 1 is currently within the DSASP. The proposed project includes a request to amend the DSASP Land Use Plan to remove Site 1 from the Specific Plan. With respect to zoning, both sites are zoned Business Commercial (BC) and require a rezone to accommodate the proposed residential use. By applying a General Plan designation that allows high-density residential uses, the proposal would qualify the project for Planned Development (PD) zoning, consistent with the Municipal Code. Thus, the project includes a request to rezone Sites 1 and 2 from BC to PD. The PD zoning would incorporate land uses and development standards from the existing DTC zoning district, including multi-family residential at a base density of up to 100 units per acre (subject to increase under any applicable density bonus program). The PD zoning would also incorporate land uses allowed by the existing Business Commercial (BC) zoning district. The proposed land use and zoning amendments are designed to authorize the development of the proposed project. Accordingly, following adoption of the proposed amendments, the project will be consistent with the City’s land use plans and zoning. In addition, the project would be subject to all generally applicable General Plan policies and Zoning Code requirements. As discussed throughout this SCEA, the project would be consistent with the applicable policies and requirements. Additionally, Table 3 of this SCEA IS demonstrates the proposed project’s consistency with the Plan Bay Area, which constitutes a land use plan adopted for the purposed of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect. As discussed throughout this SCEA IS, the proposed project would not result in any significant environmental effects that cannot be mitigated to a less-than-significant level by the mitigation measures provided herein. In addition, the proposed project would not conflict with any City policies and regulations adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect, including, but not limited to, the City’s noise standards, applicable SWRCB regulations related to stormwater, and water quality standards. Therefore, the proposed project would not conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental impact. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and a less-than- significant impact would occur. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings The project site is located within an urbanized area and a TPA. Therefore, the redevelopment of the project site with residential uses would be consistent with the development nature of the surrounding area, would support the goals of the Plan Bay Area and General Plan, and would not physically divide an established community. In addition, the proposed project would not result in any unmitigable environmental impacts, and the project would be consistent with applicable land use plans that were adopted for the purposed of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect. Therefore, the proposed project would not result in any additional environmental effects related to Land Use and Planning. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 174 June 2021 X. NOISE. Would the project result in: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than-Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than-Significant Impact No Impact a. Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?     b. Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels?     c. For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?     Environmental Setting The following setting information is based primarily on the Technical Noise Study prepared for the proposed project by RGD Acoustics (see Appendix F).59 The project site is located in a central area of the City of South San Francisco, surrounded by commercial development on all sides. The noise environment of the project site would be considered typical for an urban setting, with regular traffic noise. Nearby commercial and industrial activities would operate during the day and for portions of the night, adding to the ambient noise levels of the project area. South San Francisco is highly susceptible to noise impacts in almost all parts of the City, owing to the presence of major noise generators such as San Francisco International Airport, US-101, Interstate 280, and extensive industrial uses. The nearest residential zones to the project site are located over 500 feet north of the project site. Hotel buildings are located along Airport Boulevard, Mitchell Avenue, and South Airport Boulevard, located generally between 350- and 1,000-feet from the project site. Noise measurements were conducted from June 9 through June 11, 2020, to quantify the existing noise environment. The measurements consisted of four on-site long-term, 48-hour, measurements (Location LT-1 to LT-4) and five short-term, 15-minute measurements (Location ST-1 to ST-5). The noise measurement locations are shown in Figure 13, below. Results of the long-term noise monitoring are presented in Table 13. As shown in the table, Location LT-3, located along Produce Avenue, experiences the highest level of noise. Regulatory Setting Chapter 8.32 of the City’s Noise Ordinance specifies maximum permissible sound levels to be generated by any property within the City. The maximum allowable level is determined by the land use category of the receiving property, as shown in Table 14 below. The levels shown in Table 14 are applicable for noises that occur up to 30 minutes per hour. Higher noise levels are allowed, but for shorter periods of time, or if the ambient noise level is higher than the standards presented below. 59 RGD Acoustics. Draft Technical Noise Study for: PS Business Parks. July 17, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 175 June 2021 Figure 13 Noise Measurement Locations 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 176 June 2021 Table 14 Noise Level Standards Land Use Category Time Period Noise Level (dB) R-E, R-1, R-2, or any single- family or duplex residential in a specific plan district 10 p.m. – 7 a.m. 7 a.m. – 10 p.m. 50 60 R-3 and D-C zones, or any multi- family residential or mixed residential/commercial in a specific plan district 10 p.m. – 7 a.m. 7 a.m. – 10 p.m. 55 60 C-1, P-C, Gateway and Oyster Point Marina specific plan district, or any commercial use in a specific plan district 10 p.m. – 7 a.m. 7 a.m. – 10 p.m. 60 65 M-1, P-1 Anytime 70 Source: RGD Acoustics. Draft Technical Noise Study for: PS Business Parks. July 17, 2020. The City of South San Francisco Municipal Code Section 8.32.050 provides special provisions for construction-generated noise as outlined below: (d) Construction. Construction, alteration, repair or landscape maintenance activities which are authorized by a valid city permit shall be allowed on weekdays between the hours of eight a.m. and eight p.m., on Saturdays between the hours of nine a.m. and eight p.m., and on Sundays and holidays between the hours of ten a.m. and six p.m., or at such other hours as may be authorized by the permit, if they meet at least one of the following noise limitations: (1) No individual piece of equipment shall produce a noise level exceeding ninety dB at a distance of twenty-five feet. If the device is housed within a structure or trailer on the property, the measurement shall be made outside the structure at a distance as close to twenty-five feet from the equipment as possible. (2) The noise level at any point outside of the property plane of the project shall not exceed ninety dB. (Ord. 1088 § 1, 1990) These exemptions are typical of City and County Noise Ordinances and reflect the recognition that construction-related noise is temporary in character, is generally acceptable when limited to daylight Table 13 Long-Term Noise Measurement Summary (CNEL, dBA) Location Measured Volume Adjusted for Reduced Traffic due to Coronavirus Pandemic1 LT-1 67 68 LT-2 74 75 LT-3 76 77 LT-4 65 66 1 To quantify any potential reduction in traffic volumes and noise levels due to the coronavirus pandemic, RGD Acoustics monitored noise levels for two days and compared findings to the measured noise level in 2017 at the same location. The noise level (CNEL) from 2020 is 1 dBA less than the 2017 CNEL. Accordingly, a 1 dBA adjustment has been applied to account for the traffic volume reduction during the pandemic. Source: RGD Acoustics. Draft Technical Noise Study for: PS Business Parks. July 17, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 177 June 2021 hours, and is what residents of urban areas expect as part of a typical urban noise environment (along with sirens, pedestrian noise, etc.). According to the Technical Noise Study, allowable operational noise must fall below the threshold of 60 dBA at the nearest existing buildings. The Noise Element of the City’s General Plan includes guidelines for noise as well, summarized in Table 15 below. Table 15 General Plan Land Use Criteria for Noise-Impacted Areas Land Use CNEL Range General Land Use Criteria Residential <65 Satisfactory; no special requirements. 65-70 Development requires analysis of noise reduction requirements and insulation as needed. >70 Development should not be undertaken. Commercial <70 Satisfactory; no special requirements. 70-80 Development requires analysis of noise reduction requirements and insulation as needed. >80 Airport-related development only; special noise insulation should be provided. Industrial <75 Satisfactory; no special requirements. 75-85 Development requires analysis of noise reduction requirements and insulation as needed. >85 Airport-related development only; special noise insulation should be provided. Source: RGD Acoustics. Draft Technical Noise Study for: PS Business Parks. July 17, 2020. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR Impacts related to noise are discussed in Chapter 4.5 of the General Plan EIR. a. The General Plan EIR discussion focuses on development of new residential uses in areas of increased noise levels. This analysis, which considers the effects of the environment on future residents, is not required under CEQA, as the court confirmed in California Building Industry Association v Bay Area Air Quality Management District (62 Cal.4th 369, December 17, 2015). The focus of CEQA pertains to the effect of the project on the physical environment. In the context of noise, this would include such things as a project’s increase in traffic noise along surrounding roadways, or effects of onsite stationary noise sources on nearby receptors. The General Plan EIR does not specifically evaluate such effects. Nevertheless, the General Plan includes policies that address potential project noise effects, as follows: • 9-G-1 Protect public health and welfare by eliminating or minimizing the effects of existing noise problems and by preventing increased noise levels in the future. • 9-I-4 Ensure that new noise-sensitive uses, including schools, hospitals, churches, and homes, in areas near roadways identified as impacting sensitive receptors by producing noise levels greater than 65 dB CNEL, incorporate mitigation measures to ensure that interior noise levels do not exceed 45 dB CNEL. • 9-I-5 Require that applicants for new noise-sensitive development in areas subject to noise generators producing noise levels greater than 65 dB CNEL obtain the service of a professional acoustical engineer to provide a technical analysis and design of mitigation measures. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 178 June 2021 • 9-I-6 Where site conditions permit, require noise buffering for all noise-sensitive development subject to noise generators producing noise levels greater than 65 dB CNEL. This noise attenuation method should avoid the use of visible sound walls, where practical. • 9-G-1 Continue efforts to incorporate noise considerations into land use planning decisions, and guide the location and design of transportation facilities to minimize the effects of noise on adjacent land uses. • 9-I-4 Ensure that new noise-sensitive uses, including schools, hospitals, churches, and homes, in areas near roadways identified as impacting sensitive receptors by producing noise levels greater than 65 dB CNEL, incorporate mitigation measures to ensure that interior noise levels do not exceed 45 dB CNEL. • 9-I-5 Require that applicants for new noise-sensitive development in areas subject to noise generators producing noise levels greater than 65 dB CNEL obtain the service of a professional acoustical engineer to provide a technical analysis and design of mitigation measures. • 9-I-6 Where site conditions permit, require noise buffering for all noise-sensitive development subject to noise generators producing noise levels greater than 65 dB CNEL. This noise attenuation method should avoid the use of visible sound walls, where practical. b. A discussion of impacts related to groundborne vibration and groundborne noise is not included within the General Plan EIR. c. The General Plan EIR analyses impacts related to airport noise under Impact 4.5-b. As noted therein, buildout of the General Plan would not site noise-sensitive land uses within the 65 dB contour from the San Francisco International Airport. In addition, the General Plan EIR notes that the 65 dB noise contour will likely shrink in size over time due to engine upgrades. With the implementation of the following General Plan policies, impacts would be less than significant. • 9-I-1 Work to adopt a pass-by (single event) noise standard to supplement the current 65 dB CNEL average noise level standard as the basis for aircraft noise abatement programs. • 9-I-2 Work to adopt a lower average noise standard for aircraft-based mitigation and land use controls. Mitigation Measures from General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.6 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impacts to noise that may result from implementation of the proposed Plan Bay Area. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a,b. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to construction noise and/or construction-generated groundborne vibration under Impact 2.6-1. Impacts related to a permanent increase in traffic noise and rail transit noise are discussed in Impacts 2.6-2 and 2.6-3, respectively. Impacts related to a permanent increase in transit vibration are discussed in Impact 2.6-4, and impacts related to a general increase in ambient noise is 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 179 June 2021 discussed in Impact 2.6-5. Implementation of Mitigation Measures 2.6-1(a) and 2.6-1(b) related to construction-generated noise and vibration, 2.6-2 related to traffic noise, 2.6- 3(a) through 2.6-3(c) related to transit-generated noise, 2.6-4(a) and 2.6-4(b) related to transit-generated vibration, and 2.6-5 related to compliance with local regulations, would reduce all such impacts to a less-than-significant level. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.6-1 through 2.6-5, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impacts would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above-referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impacts related to noise would be less than significant. In addition, as discussed in further detail below, the City of South San Francisco will ensure that Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6-1(a) would be implemented to reduce impacts related to construction noise to a less-than-significant level. In addition, this SCEA demonstrates that impacts related to construction vibration would be less than significant. Therefore, implementation of the proposed project would result in less-than- significant impacts related to construction noise and construction-generated groundborne vibration. c. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to increased noise exposure from aircraft or airports under Impact 2.6-6. Projected development could potentially be located in close proximity to existing airports such that applicable exterior and interior noise thresholds would be exceeded. Mitigation Measure 2.6-6 would reduce impacts to a less-than-significant level. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6-6, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impact would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above- referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impact related to aircraft noise would be less than significant. In addition, as discussed in further detail below, the project site is located within “Airport Influence Area B” and the proposed land use may be permitted without any special requirements related to the attenuation of aircraft noise. Therefore, the project-specific impact related to aircraft or airport noise would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.6-3(c) and 2.6-4(b) are specific to railway construction/rail extension projects. Therefore, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.6-3(c) and 2.6-4(b) would not apply. However, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.6-1(a) and (b), 2.6-2, 2.6-3(a) and (b), 2.6-4(a), 2.6-5, and 2.6-6 would apply to the proposed project. 2.6-1(a) To reduce construction noise levels, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall: • comply with local construction-related noise standards, including restricting construction activities to permitted hours as defined under local jurisdiction regulations (e.g.; Alameda County Code restricts construction noise to 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 180 June 2021 between 7:00 am and 7:00 pm on weekdays and between 8:00 am and 5:00 pm on weekend); • properly maintain construction equipment and outfit construction equipment with the best available noise suppression devices (e.g. mufflers, silencers, wraps); • prohibit idling of construction equipment for extended periods of time in the vicinity of sensitive receptors; • locate stationary equipment such as generators, compressors, rock crushers, and cement mixers a minimum of 50 feet from sensitive receptors, but further if possible; • erect temporary construction-noise barriers around the construction site when adjacent occupied sensitive land uses are present within 75 feet; • use noise control blankets on building structures as buildings are erected to reduce noise emission from the site; and • use cushion blocks to dampen impact noise from pile driving. 2.6-1(b) To reduce construction vibration levels, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall comply with the following: • to minimize disturbance of receptors within 550 feet of pile-driving activities, implement “quiet” pile-driving technology (such as pre-drilling of piles and the use of more than one pile driver to shorten the total pile driving duration), where feasible, in consideration of geotechnical and structural requirements and conditions; and • to reduce structural damage, where pile driving is proposed within 50 feet of an older or historic building, engage a qualified geotechnical engineer and qualified historic preservation professional (for designated historic buildings only) and/or structural engineer to conduct a pre-construction assessment of existing subsurface conditions and the structural integrity of nearby (i.e., within 50 feet) historic structures that would be exposed to pile- driving activity. If recommended by the pre-construction assessment, for structures or facilities within 50 feet of pile-driving activities, the project sponsors shall require ground vibration monitoring of nearby historic structures. Such methods and technologies shall be based on the specific conditions at the construction site such as, but not limited to, the pre- construction surveying of potentially affected historic structures and underpinning of foundations of potentially affected structures, as necessary. The preconstruction assessment shall include a monitoring program to detect ground settlement or lateral movement of structures in the vicinity of pile-driving activities and identify corrective measures to be taken should monitored vibration levels indicate the potential for building damage. In the event of unacceptable ground movement with the potential to cause structural damage, all impact work shall cease and corrective measures shall be implemented to minimize the risk to the subject, or adjacent, historic structure. 2.6-2 For all new development that could be located within the 70 dBA CNEL noise contour of a roadway (within 270 feet of the roadway’s centerline based on freeways with the greatest volumes in the region), a site specific noise study shall be conducted by a qualified acoustical engineer or noise specialist, to evaluate 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 181 June 2021 noise exposure at new receptors and recommend appropriate measures to reduce noise exposure. To reduce exposure from traffic-noise, lead agencies and/or project sponsors shall consider mitigation measures including, but not limited to those identified below: • design adjustments to proposed roadway or transit alignments to reduce noise levels in noise sensitive areas (e.g., below-grade roadway alignments can effectively reduce noise levels in nearby areas); • use techniques such as landscaped berms, dense plantings, reduced- noise paving materials, and traffic calming measures in the design of their transportation improvements; • contribute to the insulation of buildings or construction of noise barriers around sensitive receptor properties adjacent to the transportation improvement; • use land use planning measures, such as zoning, restrictions on development, site design, and buffers to ensure that future development is noise compatible with adjacent transportation facilities and land uses; • construct roadways so that they are depressed below-grade of the existing sensitive land uses to create an effective barrier between new roadway lanes, roadways, rail lines, transit centers, park- n-ride lots, and other new noise generating facilities; and • maximize the distance between noise-sensitive land uses and new noise- generating facilities and transportation systems. 2.6-3(a) When finalizing development project site plans, noise-sensitive outdoor use areas shall be sited as far away from adjacent noise sources as possible and site plans shall be designed to shield noise-sensitive spaces with buildings or noise barriers whenever possible. 2.6-3(b) When finalizing development project site plans or transportation project design, sufficient setback between occupied structures and the railroad tracks shall be provided to minimize noise exposure to the extent feasible. 2.6-4(a) When finalizing site plans for a development or transportation project, implementing agencies shall conduct a project-level noise and vibration assessments for new residential or other sensitive land uses to be located within 200 feet of an existing rail line. These studies shall be conducted by a qualified acoustical engineer or noise specialist to determine vibration levels at these projects and recommend feasible mitigation measures (e.g., insulated windows and walls, sound walls or barriers, distance setbacks, or other construction or design measures) that would reduce vibration-noise to an acceptable level. 2.6-5 To reduce exposure to new and existing sensitive receptors from non- transportation noise associated with projected development, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • Local agencies approving land use projects shall require that routine testing and preventive maintenance of emergency electrical generators be 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 182 June 2021 conducted during the less sensitive daytime hours (per the applicable local municipal code). Electrical generators or other mechanical equipment shall be equipped with noise control (e.g., muffler) devices in accordance with manufacturers’ specifications. • Local agencies approving land use projects shall require that external mechanical equipment, including HVAC units, associated with buildings incorporate features designed to reduce noise to below 70 dBA CNEL or the local applicable noise standard. These features may include, but are not limited to, locating equipment within equipment rooms or enclosures that incorporate noise reduction features, such as acoustical louvers, and exhaust and intake silencers. Equipment enclosures shall be oriented so that major openings (i.e., intake louvers, exhaust) are directed away from nearby noise-sensitive receptors. 2.6-6 To reduce exposure from airport-related noise, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: Local lead agencies for all new development proposed to be located within an existing airport influence zone, as defined by the locally adopted airport land use compatibility plan or local general plan, shall require a site-specific noise compatibility. The study shall consider and evaluate existing aircraft noise, based on specific aircraft activity data for the airport in question, and shall include recommendations for site design and building construction to ensure compliance with interior noise levels of 45 dBA CNEL, such that the potential for sleep disturbance is minimized. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a. Some land uses are considered more sensitive to noise than others, and, thus, are referred to as sensitive noise receptors. Land uses often associated with sensitive noise receptors generally include residences, schools, libraries, hospitals, and passive recreational areas. Noise sensitive land uses are typically given special attention in order to achieve protection from excessive noise. In the vicinity of the project site, the nearest residential zone is located over 500-feet north of the project site. Operations Residential land uses are not typically considered to be a substantially noise-generating land use. The proposed buildings would include mechanical equipment generally associated with building ventilation, such as rooftop air-conditioning units, ventilation fans, and heat pumps. As noted above, the General Plan designates noise standards per land use designation. The land adjacent to the project site to the east is designated Freeway Commercial (FC), and to the north is designated Mixed Industrial (MI). As such, the project cannot generate noise above 65 dBA during daytime and 60 dBA during nighttime as measured at the property plane of land designated FC, and cannot generate noise above 70 dBA at all times at the property plane of land designated MI. According to the Technical Noise Study, mechanical noise from the proposed heat pumps and dedicated outside air system would be an L50 of 57 dBA or less at the property north of the railroad tracks, an L50 of 59 dBA or less at the properties across Colma Creek, and an L50 of 60 dBA or less at the properties across Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 183 June 2021 Because the mechanical noise would not generate enough noise to exceed the allowable threshold of 60 dBA at the property plane of the nearest existing building outside of the project site, the project would comply with the General Plan noise level standards presented in Table 14. The conclusion of the Technical Noise Study did not take into account the fact that the proposed structures would feature parapets, which would reduce the trespass of noise from the proposed mechanical equipment. With considerations of the proposed building parapets the off-site noise levels would likely be less than the levels analyzed in the Technical Noise Study. The proposed project would contribute to ambient noise levels if the project were to substantially increase vehicle traffic on local roadways. In order to calculate the increase in traffic noise due to the project, existing and future traffic noise levels were calculated using the Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Noise Model (TNM 2.5) with traffic volumes from Fehr & Peers. The model takes into account the vehicle class, speed, road surface, and distance between roadway and receptor, and calculates an Leq based on peak-hour traffic data at a distance of 50 feet from the roadway centerline. The results of the traffic noise modeling are shown in Table 16. The increase in traffic noise levels due to implementation of the proposed project would be within the normally acceptable range, and traffic noise levels at 50 feet away would increase by a maximum of 0.4 CNEL, which, according to the Technical Noise Study, is not considered significant. Table 16 Increase in Traffic Noise Levels due to Project Roadway CNEL at 50 feet, dBA Existing Volume Existing + Project Volume Increase due to Project Airport Blvd North of San Mateo Avenue 73.4 73.5 0.1 South Airport Blvd East of Produce Avenue 72.3 72.4 0.1 Mitchell Ave to Wondercolor Lane 70.8 70.9 0.1 South of Wondercolor Lane 70.4 70.4 < 0.1 Gateway Blvd North of South Airport Boulevard 69.8 69.8 < 0.1 Produce Ave South of San Mateo Avenue 73.1 73.1 < 0.1 San Mateo Ave West of Airport Boulevard 72.2 72.5 0.3 Mitchell Ave East of South Airport Boulevard 70.2 70.2 < 0.1 Wondercolor Lane East of South Airport Boulevard 59.0 59.0 < 0.1 US-101 Northbound on/off-ramp at Wondercolor Ln 73.6 73.6 < 0.1 Source: RGD Acoustics. Draft Technical Noise Study for: PS Business Parks. July 17, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 184 June 2021 The Technical Noise Study also included an analysis of future traffic noise levels during the year 2040. Cumulative growth is considered general growth in the area that is not directly related to the proposed project. As shown in Table 18, cumulative development would be less than 3 dBA for all roadways in the study area. Therefore, the project’s contribution to increases in cumulative traffic noise would be less than significant. Construction Noise from demolition and construction activities would add to the noise environment in the project vicinity. Construction activities would range from demolition of on-site structures, installation of underground utilities, new building construction, and off-site roadway improvements generally consisting of the removal of the slip lanes at the intersection of Airport Boulevard/San Mateo Avenue/Produce Avenue. The City’s Municipal Code sets allowable construction hours, provided that noise from individual equipment does not exceed 90 dBA at 25 feet, and the noise at any point outside the property plane does not exceed 90 dBA. Activities involved in construction and demolition would generate maximum noise levels, as indicated in Table 17, ranging from 96 to 83 dB at a distance of 25 feet. As shown in the table, use of the concrete/industrial saw has the potential to generate noise over 90 dB at 25 feet. Noise would also be generated during the construction phase by increased truck traffic on area roadways. However, this noise increase would be of short duration, and would likely occur primarily during daytime hours. Table 17 Construction Equipment Noise Levels Type of Equipment Maximum Level, dB at 25 feet Concrete/Industrial Saw 96 Excavator 87 Rubber Tired Dozer 88 Backhoe 84 Scraper 90 Tractor 90 Crane 87 Forklift 89 Generator 87 Welder 80 Cement and Mortar Mixer 85 Paving Equipment 83 Roller 86 Source: RGD Acoustics. Draft Technical Noise Study for: PS Business Parks. July 17, 2020. Demolition and construction activities would be temporary in nature, would occur during normal daytime working hours listed above, and would comply with the allowable hours set forth within the City of South San Francisco Noise Ordinance. However, there is a potential that use of the concrete saw would exceed the noise ordinance limit. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 185 June 2021 Table 18 Increase in Traffic Noise Levels due to Project Roadway CNEL at 50 feet, dBA Existing Volume Cumulative Volume Cumulative + Project Volume Existing to Future with Project Increase in CNEL Project Contribution to Future CNEL Airport Blvd North of San Mateo Ave 73.2 73.7 74.0 0.8 0.3 South Airport Blvd East of Produce Ave 72.9 73.4 73.5 0.6 0.1 Mitchell Ave to Wondercolor Ln 71.6 72.1 72.2 0.6 0.1 South of Wondercolor Ln 71.3 71.7 71.8 0.5 0.1 Gateway Blvd North of South Airport Blvd 70.8 72.2 72.2 1.4 < 0.1 Produce Ave South of San Mateo Ave 74.7 75.0 75.1 0.4 0.1 San Mateo Ave West of Airport Blvd 73.1 73.6 74.0 0.9 0.4 Mitchell Ave East of South Airport Blvd 71.2 71.7 71.7 0.5 < 0.1 Wondercolor Ln East of South Airport Blvd 60.2 60.8 60.8 0.6 < 0.1 US-101 Northbound on/off-ramp at Wondercolor Ln 75.6 75.9 75.9 0.3 < 0.1 Source: RGD Acoustics. Draft Technical Noise Study for: PS Business Parks. July 17, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 186 June 2021 The concrete saw would only be used during the demolition phase, including the initial phase of off-site roadway improvements, and would primarily be used at distances over 50 feet from the property plane. In addition, the expected construction noise would be less than the noise levels generated by intermittent ambient noise sources at the nearest sensitive receptor. Nevertheless, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6-1(a), which offers recommendations to reduce construction noise to the maximum extent feasible, would apply to the proposed project. Implementation of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6-1(a) would reduce the noise level associated with use of the concrete saw to acceptable levels. Conclusion Based on the above, operation of the proposed project would not result in the generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the City’s General Plan and the Municipal Code. However, construction activities could exceed the noise ordinance limit. According to the Technical Noise Study, implementation of mitigation to reduce construction noise, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6-1(a), would reduce such impact to a less-than-significant level. The City will require the implementation of such mitigation as a condition of approval and, thus, a less-than-significant impact would occur. b. Residential land uses do not typically generate groundborne noise or groundborne vibration during operations. The primary vibration-generating activities associated with the project would occur during construction activities such as demolition, grading and utility placement. Construction vibration impacts include human annoyance and building structural damage. The nearest building to the project site is a commercial building on South Linden Avenue, north of the Caltrain railroad tracks. At the closest point, the project site is approximately 108 feet away from the commercial building. Table 19 shows the construction vibration levels that would be experienced at the nearest commercial building and the nearest industrial building. Other buildings are located across roadways or Colma Creek at distances of more than 130 feet from the nearest project site boundary, and would be exposed to less intense vibration levels. Table 19 Calculated Vibration Levels from Construction (PPV in inches/sec) Equipment Nearest commercial building (5 S Linden Ave) Nearest industrial building (60 Airport Blvd) 108 feet from Equipment 130 feet from Equipment Vibratory Roller 0.02 0.02 Hoe Ram 0.02 0.02 Large Bulldozer 0.01 0.01 Caisson Drilling 0.01 0.01 Loaded Trucks 0.01 0.01 Jackhammer 0.01 0.01 Small Bulldozer < 0.01 < 0.01 Source: RGD Acoustics. Draft Technical Noise Study for: PS Business Parks. July 17, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 187 June 2021 As shown in the table, the maximum vibration levels would be 0.02 PPV, which falls below the 0.5 PPV threshold for damage to modern buildings. Based on the above, the project would not result in the generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels, and a less-than-significant impact would occur. Projects that are taking advantage of CEQA streamlining provisions of SB 375 must implement the relevant mitigation measures prescribed within the applicable EIR. As such, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6-1(b), which offers recommendations to further reduce construction vibration, is hereby incorporated as a requirement of the proposed project and would be included as a part of the conditions of approval. c. The project site is located within the vicinity of the San Francisco International Airport. However, according to the 2012 Comprehensive ALUCP for the Environs of San Francisco International Airport, the project site is located outside the CNEL 65 dB aircraft noise contour and within “Airport Influence Area B”. Multi-family residential land uses are compatible with aircraft CNEL below 65 dBA, and may be permitted without any special requirements related to the attenuation of aircraft noise. Therefore, the impact would be less than significant. As noted previously, projects that are taking advantage of CEQA streamlining provisions of SB 375 must implement the relevant mitigation measures prescribed within the applicable EIR. As such, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6-6, which requires specific considerations for construction within an adopted airport land use plan, is hereby incorporated as a requirement of the proposed project and would be included as a part of the conditions of approval. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings Urban environments tend to include various sources of noise such as vehicle traffic, trains, buses, pedestrians, and sirens. Project construction would add to this noise environment through demolition, site preparation and construction activities. Construction activities associated with the proposed project could generate noise levels that exceed the standards set forth in the Municipal Code. However, implementation of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.6-1(a) would reduce such impacts to a less-than-significant level. Operation of the project would involve normal residential land use, which is not typically considered to be a noise-generating land use. Construction and operations of the proposed project would not generate substantial groundborne noise or groundborne vibration, and the project would not result in substantial impacts related to noise from the nearby airport. In addition, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.6-1(a) and (b), 2.6-2, 2.6-3(a) and (b), 2.6-4(a), 2.6-5, and 2.6-6 apply to the proposed project, could be feasibly implemented, and are hereby incorporated as requirements of this SCEA IS. With application of the aforementioned mitigation measures, the proposed project would not result in any additional environmental effects related to Noise. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 188 June 2021 XI. PUBLIC SERVICES. Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than- Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than- Significant Impact No Impact a. Fire protection?     b. Police protection?     c. Schools?     d. Parks?     e. Other Public Facilities?     Environmental Setting The City of South San Francisco provides fire, police, and parks and recreation services in the vicinity of the project site. The South San Francisco Fire Department (SSFFD) provides fire suppression, emergency medical services, code enforcement, fire investigation, and public education services throughout the City. The SSFFD also works with the City’s Economic and Community Development Department to ensure that all new developments are built in compliance with local and state building and fire codes, and include adequate emergency access and on-site fire protection measures. The SSFFD has five fire stations located throughout South San Francisco. Project Site 1 is located within Fire Station Response Area 61, and Site 2 is located within Fire Station Response Area 62. As such, emergencies at Site 1 would likely be serviced by Station 61, located at 480 North Canal Street, approximately 0.4-mile west of the site. Emergencies at Site 2 would likely be serviced by Station 62, located at 249 Harbor Way, approximately 0.4-mile east of the site. As of the 2017 Municipal Services Assessment, the SSFFD staffing consists of emergency response, fire prevention, and administrative personnel, for a total of 87 full-time equivalent and 5.68 hourly and contract employees. The City’s General Plan Health and Safety Element does not identify a personnel-to-service population target ratio.60 The South San Francisco Police Department (SSFPD) is principally responsible for providing police protection services within the jurisdictional limits of the City. As of 2016, the SSFPD had a total of 118 employees, with 83 sworn officers and 35 civilian positions. According to the General Plan Policy 8.5-I-1, the SSFPD strives to maintain 1.5 police officers per 1,000 residents. Based on the most current information, the ratio of officers per 1,000 residents is 1.23, which is below the goal set forth in the General Plan. In 2016, the SSFPD response times to emergency calls averaged 3:59 minutes and to nonemergency calls averaged 6:03 minutes. According to the 2017 Municipal Services Assessment, these response times are considered acceptable.61 The project site is within the South San Francisco Unified School District (SSFUSD). SSFUSD has nine elementary schools, three middle schools, and three high schools, and serves approximately 8,438 students.62 According to the 2017 Municipal Services Assessment, the total SSFUSD capacity is 12,600 students, and the current utilization (as of 2017) is 70.3 percent. 60 City of South San Francisco. 2017 OSPS Update Municipal Services Assessment Draft Report. November 2017. 61 Ibid. 62 Education Data Partnership. South San Francisco Unified. Available at: http://www.ed-data.org/district/San- Mateo/South-San-Francisco-Unified. Accessed July 16, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 189 June 2021 The City of South San Francisco Department of Parks and Recreation manages over 270 acres of parks and open space, averaging approximately four acres per 1,000 residents. The City aims to achieve a parkland ratio of three acres per 1,000 residents. The closest parks to the project site are Francisco Terrace Playlot, Sister Cities Park, and City Hall Playlot. The South San Francisco Public Library is located at 840 West Orange Avenue, approximately 1.4-miles west of the project site. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR The General plan EIR evaluated the potential effects of the General Plan on various public services, including police, fire protection, schools, libraries and emergency services in Chapters 4.8 and 4.9. a. Impacts to fire protection are discussed under Impact 4.8-c of the General Plan EIR. Anticipated population growth resulting from implementation of the General Plan would increase the demand for fire protection services. However, implementation of General Plan Policy 8.5-I-5, which requires coordination with applicable fire protection providers and compliance with local, regional, State, and federal plans, would ensure that adequate fire protection service would be provided as development occurs, and the impact would be less than significant. b. Impacts to police protection are discussed under Impact 4.8-a of the General Plan EIR. As noted therein, new development under the General Plan would increase the demand for police service. However, the General Plan includes policies, listed below, which would ensure the provision of police service as demand grows, and impacts would be less than significant. • 8.5-G-1 Provide police services that are responsive to citizen's needs to ensure a safe and secure environment for people and property in the community. • 8.5-G-2 Assist in crime prevention through physical planning and community design. • 8.5-I-1 Ensure adequate police staff to provide rapid and timely response to all emergencies and maintain the capability to have minimum average response times. • 8.5-I-2 Control and/or intervene in conduct recognized as threatening to life and property. • 8.5-I-3 Reduce crime by strengthening the police/community partnership. • 8.5-1-4 Assess community needs and expectations on an ongoing basis and report periodically to the City Council on citizen complaints and citizen commendations received. • 8.5-I-5 Continue to coordinate law enforcement planning with local, regional, state and federal plans. c. Impacts to the South San Francisco Unified School District are discussed under Impact 4.10-a. As population increases under development of the General Plan, demand for local schools would increase. The General Plan EIR concluded that impacts to local schools would be less than significant with implementation of the following General Plan policies: • 5.2-G-1 Support efforts by the South San Francisco Unified School District to maintain and improve educational facilities and services. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 190 June 2021 • 5.2-I-1 Work with the SSFUSD on appropriate land uses for school sites no longer needed for educational purposes. d,e. The General Plan EIR analyzed the potential impact related to recreational facilities under Impact 4.9-a. Under General Plan Policy 5.1-I-2, listed below, development within the City shall maintain the required park acreage ratio. In addition, buildout of the City pursuant to the General Plan land use designations would achieve the City’s parkland goals. Therefore, impacts were considered to be less than significant. • 5.1-I-2 Maintain parkland standards of 3.0 acres of community and neighborhood parks per 1,000 new residents, and of 0.5 acres of parkland per 1,000 new employees, to be located in employment areas. Mitigation Measures from General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.14 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impact to public services that may result from implementation of the proposed Plan Bay Area. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a-e. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to the need for expanding facilities in order to maintain adequate schools, emergency services, police, fire, and park and recreation services under Impact 2.14-1. Development projects that result in changes to land uses could result in potentially significant impacts related to public service provision. Implementation of Mitigation measure 2.14-1 requires individual projects to demonstrate adequate public services and related infrastructure are available to serve the project, and if applicable, payment of fees towards the project’s fair share portion of the requires services. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.14-1, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impacts would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above-referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impacts related to public services would be less than significant. As discussed in further detail below, implementation of the proposed project would result in less-than-significant impacts to public services, including fire protection, police protection, schools, parks, and other public facilities. Furthermore, the City will require implementation of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.14-1 as a condition of approval for the proposed project in order to ensure that impacts related to public services and utilities are less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.14-1 is applicable to the proposed project: 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 191 June 2021 2.14-1 Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include but are not limited to: • Prior to approval of new development projects, local agencies shall ensure that adequate public services, and related infrastructure and utilities, will be available to meet or satisfy levels identified in the applicable local general plan or service master plan, through compliance with existing local policies related to minimum levels of service for schools, police protection, fire protection, medical emergency services, and other government services (e.g., libraries, prisons, social services). Compliance may include requiring projects to either provide the additional services required to meet service levels, or pay fees towards the project’s fair share portion of the required services pursuant to adopted fee programs and State law. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a. The proposed project would include development of a 480-unit multi-family residential development. As noted above, the SSFFD currently serves the project site, and the nearest fire stations to the project site are Stations 61 and 62, both located approximately 0.4-mile away. The population increase resulting from implementation of the proposed project would be expected to increase the demand for SSFFD services at the project site. The 2017 Municipal Services Assessment provides incident rates that can be used to estimate the number of incremental fire and emergency response calls that would result from buildout of the proposed project. Based on the addition of 480 residential units from the proposed project and the incident rate of 0.1066 average annual calls per residential unit, the project would result in approximately 52 more firefighter/emergency response calls per year, or approximately one call every week.63 The addition of approximately one call per week would not generate the need for a new fire station to serve the proposed project, especially considering that responses to these calls would likely be split between personnel at Stations 61 and 62. As such, the project would not result in demand for a new or physically altered fire station, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects. The proposed project would be subject to payment of the Public Safety Impact Fee (Fund 821), which is a fee program intended to fund a new development’s fair share of new or expanded facilities and equipment for fire and police services. Furthermore, the project would include fire protection features, including fire alarm systems, fire extinguisher systems, fire sprinklers, and exit illumination, as required by the California Fire Code, adopted by the City per Municipal Code Section 15.24.010. Based on the above, the proposed project would not generate a substantially increased demand for fire protection services, the project would contribute to the City’s Public Safety Impact Fee, and would comply with all required fire protection features. As a result, the need for new or physically altered facilities would not be induced by the proposed project and a less-than-significant impact would occur. 63 City of South San Francisco. 2017 OSPS Update Municipal Services Assessment Draft Report [Table A-1]. November 2017. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 192 June 2021 b. The additional population from implementation of the proposed project would create an increased demand in police services to the project area. As noted above, the project site is currently serviced by the SSFPD, located at 33 Arroyo Drive, approximately 1.5 miles west of the project site. Implementation of the proposed project would increase the service population for the SSFPD. The proposed project would result in the development of 480 additional residential units. Based on the 2017 Municipal Services Assessment’s identified incident rate of 0.1476 average annual calls per residential units, buildout of the proposed project could potentially result in approximately 71 more police response calls per year.64 At a limited service demand of approximately one additional call every five days, the proposed project would not individually generate sufficient new demand for a new police station. The project would not result in demand for a new or physically altered police station, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects. The SSFPD have been included in the planning process for the proposed project, and requires that the project install a camera surveillance system and security lighting around exterior doorways to improve project security. In addition, the project applicant would be required to pay the City’s Public Safety Impact Fee for the provision of public services. Therefore, the need for new or physically altered facilities would not be induced by the project and a less-than-significant impact would occur. c. The proposed project consists of 480-unit multi-family residential units, which would generate additional students in the area. The SSFUSD does not place caps on enrollment at any of its schools, and regulates school capacity based on class size rather than school size. Proposition 1A/SB 50 (1999) prohibits local agencies from using the inadequacy of school facilities as a basis for denying or conditioning approvals of any “legislative or adjudicative act involving the planning, use, or development of real property.” (Government Code 65996(b).) Satisfaction of the Proposition 1A/SB 50 statutory requirements by a developer is deemed to be “full and complete mitigation.” (Id.) Therefore, according to SB 50, the payment of the necessary school impact fees for the project would be full and satisfactory CEQA mitigation. The project would be required to pay statutory developer fees under SB 50, payment of which would be used to fund school facilities and accommodate increased demand. As such, the proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact related to schools. d,e. The project consists of redeveloping a lot that contains existing commercial buildings with 480 new multi-family residential units, which would increase the population in the area. Based on the City of South San Francisco Housing Element, the City averages approximately 3.0 persons per household.65 While the City’s average persons per household rate is generally applicable, the proposed project includes 98 studio apartments, while the rest of the proposed units are split between 1-, 2-, and 3-bedroom apartments. Considering the small size of studio apartments, the persons per household 64 City of South San Francisco. 2017 OSPS Update Municipal Services Assessment Draft Report [Table A-2]. November 2017. 65 City of South San Francisco. South San Francisco Housing Element 2015-2023. April 2015. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 193 June 2021 rate for studios is considered to be one person. Thus, assuming that 98 residents would reside in the studio apartments, and assuming the average persons per household rate applies to the remaining 382 units, the population of the project would be approximately 1,244 residents (382 units x 3.0 persons per household = 1,146 residents with an additional 98 studio residents). As noted above, General Plan policies, such as Policy 5.1- I-2, have been adopted to ensure adequate parks and recreational facilities are provided to accommodate the increase in new residents and maintain the City’s parkland ratio of at least three acres per 1,000 residents. The project does include outdoor spaces and courtyards, but not dedicated parkland. For instance, Building 1 would include two outdoor courtyards, the larger of which would feature a pool and outdoor lounge space. Building 2 would also include two outdoor courtyards on the third-floor podium level. The project applicant would be subject to payment of a Parkland Acquisition Fee and Park Construction Fee. The amount of the fee would be calculated based on Section 8.67.020 of the Municipal Code. The park facilities fees would be used to fund park facilities within the City, including land for public parks and capital improvements necessary to provide park and recreation services to meet the demand created by the proposed project. Considering the applicant would be required to pay all applicable parkland impact fees, impacts related to parks and other facilities would be less than significant. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings The proposed project would introduce new residents into the project area and, therefore, increase local demand for public services, including fire protection, police, schools, parks, and other services. However, the projected increase in demand for such services would be relatively minor, and the project applicant would pay all applicable development impact fees consistent with City requirements and Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.14-1. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.14-1 is hereby incorporated as a requirement of the proposed project and would be included as a part of the conditions of approval. Based on the discussion above, the proposed project would not be expected to result in any additional environmental effects related to Public Services. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 194 June 2021 XII. RECREATION. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than- Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than- Significant Impact No Impact a. Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?     b. Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment?     Environmental Setting The Bay Area includes over one million acres of parkland, and San Mateo County, which includes the City of South San Francisco, has a parkland ratio of 156 acres per 1,000 residents.66 The project site is within one mile of several neighborhood and City parks, including Paradise Valley Pocket Park, Francisco Terrace Playlot, Orange Memorial Park, the Centennial Dog Park, and Sign Hill Park, among others. In July of 2015, the City adopted a Parks and Recreation Master Plan, which includes an inventory of existing park systems and identifies a plan to expand and improve parkland in the future.67 Pursuant to South San Francisco Municipal Code Chapter 8.67, Parks and Recreation Impact Fee, development projects within the City, including multi-family residential projects, are subject to payment of a Parkland Acquisition Fee and Park Construction Fee to ensure that funds are available to maintain a parkland ratio of three acres per 1,000 residents and 0.5-acre per 1,000 employees. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR Chapter 4.9 of the General Plan EIR considered the effects of the General Plan on the City’s existing parkland, recreational facilities, and open space. a,b. The General Plan EIR analyzed the potential impact related to recreational facilities under Impact 4.9-a. Under General Plan Policy 5.1-I-2, development within the City shall maintain the required park acreage as discussed above. In addition, buildout of the City pursuant to the General Plan land use designations would achieve the City’s parkland goals. Therefore, impacts were considered to be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.14 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impact to recreational facilities that may result from implementation of the proposed Plan. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures were identified to reduce these impacts. a,b. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to recreational facilities under Impact 2.14-2. As noted therein, implementation of the Plan Bay Area would directly 66 Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Plan Bay Area 2040 EIR. 67 City of South San Francisco. Parks and Recreation Master Plan. July 22, 2015. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 195 June 2021 increase demand of recreational facilities. However, because impacts related to parks and recreation would be managed by local jurisdictions, and because the Plan discourages development within identified Priority Conservation Areas, the impact would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a,b. The proposed project would include the development of 480 multi-family residential units, as well as resident amenities such as a Club Room, outdoor courtyards, a pool, and lounge spaces. Therefore, the proposed project design includes recreational facilities for use by future residents. Nonetheless, the increase in local population from the proposed project could result in an increased demand on local recreational facilities. Section 8.67.050 of the City’s Municipal Code requires that multifamily residential developments pay the applicable Parkland Acquisition Fee and Park Construction Fee at the time of project approval. Payment of such fees are intended to fund parkland acquisition and improvements, and would address any potential impacts to local recreational facilities. Because the project developer would be required to pay the appropriate Parkland Acquisition Fee and Park Construction Fee, and consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR, impacts related to causing or accelerating substantial physical deterioration of existing parks or creating a need for the construction or expansion of recreational facilities would be less than significant. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings The proposed residential development would increase the demand on local parks and recreational facilities. Because the project would include on-site recreational amenities and the project developer would be required to pay a Parkland Acquisition Fee and Park Construction Fee to fund purchases of addition parkland and associated parkland construction, the proposed project would not result in any additional environmental effects related to Recreation. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 196 June 2021 XIII. TRANSPORTATION. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than- Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less- Than- Significant Impact No Impact a. Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities?     b. Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)?     c. Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)?     d. Result in inadequate emergency access?     Environmental Setting The proposed project qualifies as a TPP under SB 375. Environmental documents for TPPs are not required to reference, describe or discuss impacts from car and light duty truck trips on the regional transportation network. The project site is within a TPA, as identified by the MTC/ABAG. TPAs are characterized by allowing access to multiple forms of transportation including alternative means of transportation such as transit, bicycle infrastructure and pedestrian infrastructure. The law has changed with respect to how transportation-related impacts may be addressed under CEQA. Traditionally, lead agencies used level of service (LOS) to assess the significance of such impacts, with greater levels of congestion considered to be more significant than lesser levels. Mitigation measures typically took the form of capacity-increasing improvements, which often had their own environmental impacts (e.g., to biological resources). Depending on circumstances, and an agency’s tolerance for congestion (e.g., as reflected in its general plan), LOS D, E, or F often represented significant environmental effects. In 2013, however, the Legislature passed legislation with the intention of ultimately doing away with LOS in most instances as a basis for environmental analysis under CEQA. Enacted as part of Senate Bill 743 (2013), Public Resources Code section 21099, subdivision (b)(1), directed the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) to prepare, develop, and transmit to the Secretary of the Natural Resources Agency for certification and adoption proposed CEQA Guidelines addressing “criteria for determining the significance of transportation impacts of projects within transit priority areas. Those criteria shall promote the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the development of multimodal transportation networks, and a diversity of land uses. In developing the criteria, [OPR] shall recommend potential metrics to measure transportation impacts that may include, but are not limited to, vehicle miles traveled, vehicle miles traveled per capita, automobile trip generation rates, or automobile trips generated. OPR may also establish criteria for models used to analyze transportation impacts to ensure the models are accurate, reliable, and consistent with the intent of this section.” Subdivision (b)(2) of section 21099 further provides that “[u]pon certification of the guidelines by the Secretary of the Natural Resources Agency pursuant to this section, automobile delay, as described solely by level of service or similar measures of vehicular capacity or traffic congestion shall not be considered a significant impact on the environment pursuant to [CEQA], except in locations specifically identified in the guidelines, if any.” (Italics added.) Pursuant to Senate Bill 743, the Natural Resources Agency promulgated CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3 in late 2018. It became effective in early 2019. Subdivision (a) of that section provides that “[g]enerally, vehicle miles traveled is the most appropriate measure of transportation impacts. For the purposes of this section, ‘vehicle miles traveled’ refers to the amount and 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 197 June 2021 distance of automobile travel attributable to a project. Other relevant considerations may include the effects of the project on transit and non-motorized travel. Except as provided in subdivision (b)(2) below (regarding roadway capacity), a project’s effect on automobile delay shall not constitute a significant environmental impact.”68 The following setting information is based on the Transportation Study prepared for the proposed project by Fehr & Peers (see Appendix G).69 Roadway Facilities The project site is located near the intersection of San Mateo Avenue and Produce Avenue. Regional access to the site is provided via US-101 and Produce Avenue to the north, and US-101 and San Mateo Avenue to the south. Figure 14, included on the following page, shows the project location, study intersections, and the surrounding roadway system. Key local roadways in the vicinity of the project site are described below: • US-101 is an eight-lane freeway and principal north-south roadway connection between San Francisco, San Jose, and intermediate San Francisco Peninsula cities. In South San Francisco, US-101 is located approximately 500 feet east of the project site, and serves the project area with three primary access points. Near the project site, US-101 carries about 220,000 vehicles per day. Access points include: o South Airport Boulevard – northbound on- and off-ramps are located at South Airport Boulevard/Wondercolor Lane. The South Airport Boulevard access point is to the south of the project site. o Produce Avenue/Airport Boulevard – there are two southbound off-ramps near the Project site: one at Produce Avenue and another at Airport Boulevard and Miller Avenue. The off-ramp at Produce Ave is located to the south of the Project site and the off-ramp at Airport Boulevard and Miller Avenue is located to the north of the project site. • Airport Boulevard is a four- to six-lane north-south arterial running roughly parallel to US- 101 in South San Francisco. Freeway ramps north of Grand Avenue provide alternate project access from the north. Airport Boulevard also provides direct access to the project site via one right-in/right-out only driveway located approximately 250 feet north of the intersection with San Mateo Avenue. • Produce Avenue is a three-lane street providing access from the project site to Southbound US-101. Produce Avenue also provides direct access to the project site via one right-in/right-out only driveway located approximately 250 feet south of the intersection with San Mateo Avenue. • San Mateo Avenue is a two-lane street connecting El Camino Real with Produce Avenue/Airport Boulevard, providing local access to the project site. San Mateo Avenue also provides direct access to the project site via two full access driveways located approximately 250 feet west of the intersection with Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue. 68 Subdivision (b)(2) of section 15064.3 (“transportation projects”) provides that “[t]ransportation projects that reduce, or have no impact on, vehicle miles traveled should be presumed to cause a less than significant transportation impact. For roadway capacity projects, agencies have discretion to determine the appropriate measure of transportation impact consistent with CEQA and other applicable requirements. To the extent that such impacts have already been adequately addressed at a programmatic level, such as in a regional transportation plan EIR, a lead agency may tier from that analysis as provided in Section 15152. 69 Fehr & Peers. 124 Airport / 100 Produce Administrative Draft Transportation Impact Analysis. July 10, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 198 June 2021 Figure 14 Project Setting 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 199 June 2021 Transit System The following transit services operate within South San Francisco and are accessible from the project site (see Figure 15): • Caltrain provides passenger rail service between San Francisco and San Jose, and limited service trains to Morgan Hill and Gilroy during weekday commute times. The South San Francisco Caltrain Station is currently located approximately 0.5-mile north of the project site at 590 Dubuque Avenue. By the summer of 2021, Caltrain plans to relocate the South San Francisco Caltrain Station several hundred feet to the south, which would provide more direct pedestrian access to the project site via a pedestrian portal with access at Grand Avenue and Airport Boulevard. After the relocation, the Caltrain station will be located approximately 0.4-mile north of the project site. The South San Francisco Caltrain Station offers regular local and limited non-local trains (to Morgan Hill and Gilroy), with 23 northbound and 23 southbound weekday trains and service hours from 5:40 AM to 12:00 AM. In addition, future train schedule improvements are planned such that the South San Francisco Caltrain Station would receive a train every eight to 15 minutes. • Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) provides regional rail service between the East Bay, San Francisco, and San Mateo County, connecting between San Francisco International Airport and Millbrae Intermodal Station to the south, San Francisco to the north, and Oakland, Richmond, Pittsburgh/Bay Point, Dublin/Pleasanton and Fremont in the East Bay. The San Bruno Station is the closest station to the project site, located approximately one mile to the south. • San Mateo County Transit District (SamTrans) provides bus service in San Mateo County. There are two bus stops adjacent to the project site: one stop is located approximately 0.3-mile to the north, near the intersection of Airport Boulevard and Baden Avenue, and the other stop is located approximately 0.3-mile to the southeast, near the US- 101 NB Off-ramp at Wondercolor Lane. Both stops are served by Routes 292 and 397 (late night service only). Bicycle Facilities Bicycle facilities consist of separated bikeways, bicycle lanes, routes, trails, and paths. Caltrans recognizes four classifications of bicycle facilities: • Class I – Shared-Use Pathway: Provides a completely separated right-of-way for the exclusive use of cyclists and pedestrians with cross-flow minimized (e.g. off-street bicycle paths). • Class II – Bicycle Lanes: Provides a striped lane for one-way travel on a street or highway. May include a “buffer” zone consisting of a striped portion of roadway between the bicycle lane and the nearest vehicle travel lane. • Class III – Bicycle Route: Provides for shared use with motor vehicle traffic; however, are often signed or include a striped bicycle lane. • Class IV – Separated Bikeway: Provides a right-of-way designated exclusively for bicycle travel adjacent to a roadway and which are protected from vehicular traffic. Types of separation include, but are not limited to, grade separation, flexible posts, inflexible physical barriers, or on-street parking. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 200 June 2021 Figure 15 Existing and Planned Transit Facilities 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 201 June 2021 The area surrounding the project site has a Class III bicycle network that provides first- and last- mile connectivity to the Caltrain Station to the north. Current bicycle facilities in the project vicinity are discussed below (see Figure 16): • Airport Boulevard is designated as a Class III bicycle route, providing shared use with motor vehicle traffic. • Class II bicycle lanes are provided on the segment between East Grand Avenue and South Airport Boulevard. • The San Francisco Bay Trail (Bay Trail) is a Class I mixed-use trail along the Oyster Point shoreline and Point San Bruno, part of a planned 400-mile regional trail system encircling the San Francisco Bay shoreline. The nearest access point from the project site to the San Francisco Bay Trail is approximately one mile away, and is accessible via shared use bicycle routes. Bicyclists primarily access the project site via San Mateo Avenue, Airport Boulevard, and South Airport Boulevard. Pedestrian Facilities Pedestrian facilities include sidewalks, crosswalks, trails, and pedestrian signals. In the project vicinity, continuous sidewalks exist along both sides of Airport Boulevard, South Airport Boulevard, and San Mateo Avenue. On Produce Avenue, continuous sidewalks exist only on the west side of the street. At the intersection of Airport Boulevard and San Mateo Avenue, a signalized intersection immediately adjacent to the project site, marked crosswalks and pedestrian signal heads are provided on all intersection legs. The slip lanes at the northeast, northwest, and southwest corners of the intersection of Airport Boulevard and San Mateo Avenue have wide vehicle turning radii, relatively high speeds, and yield control. Sidewalks on Airport Boulevard provide continuous pedestrian connectivity between the project site and the nearest SamTrans stop and the Caltrain Station. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR Transportation and circulation were discussed in the General Plan EIR in Chapter 4.3. The General Plan EIR notes that buildout of the General Plan would result in a potentially significant impact related to Level of Service at several facilities. Even after the implementation of mitigation measures, the General Plan EIR concludes that implementation of the General Plan would result in a significant residual impact because the Plan would cause a substantial increase in traffic. The following list includes some General Plan policies that are relevant to transportation planning: • 4.2-G-1 Undertake efforts to enhance transportation capacity, especially in growth and emerging employment areas such as the East of 101 area. • 4.2-G-2 Improve connections between different parts of the city. • 4.2-G-3 Where appropriate, use abandoned railroad rights-of--way and the BART right-of- way to establish new streets. • 4.2-G-7 Provide fair and equitable means for paying for future street improvements. • 4.2-G-8 Strive to maintain LOS D or better on arterial and collector streets, at all intersections, and on principal arterials in the CMP during peak hours. • 4.2-G-9 Accept LOS E or F after finding that: 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 202 June 2021 Figure 16 Existing and Planned Bicycle Facilities 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 203 June 2021 o There is no practical and feasible way to mitigate the lower level of service; and o The uses resulting in the lower level of service are of clear, overall public benefit. • 4.2-G-10 Make efficient use of existing transportation facilities and, through the arrangement of land uses, improved alternate modes, and enhanced integration of various transportation systems serving South San Francisco, strive to reduce the total vehicle- miles traveled. • 4.3-G-1 Develop a comprehensive and integrated system of bikeways that promote bicycle riding for transportation and recreation. • 4.3-G-2 Provide safe and direct pedestrian routes and bikeways between and through residential neighborhoods, and to transit centers. • 4.3-I-7 Undertake a program to improve pedestrian connections between the surrounding area and the rail stations -South San Francisco and San Bruno BART stations and the Caltrain Station. Components of the program should include: o Installing handicapped ramps at all intersections as street improvements are being installed. o Constructing wide sidewalks where feasible to accommodate increased pedestrian use; o Providing intersection "bulbing" to reduce walking distances across streets in the Downtown, across El Camino Real and Mission Road, and other high use areas; o Continuing with the City's current policy of providing pedestrian facilities at all signalized intersections; and o Providing landscaping that encourages pedestrian use. • 4.3-I-16 Favor Transportation Systems Management programs that limit vehicle use over those that extend the commute hour. Mitigation Measures from General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.1 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impacts to transportation that may result from implementation of the proposed Plan. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a,c,d. Because the Plan Bay Area is a planning document for transportation projects, the Plan Bay Area EIR did not specifically address impacts related to conflicts with a policy addressing the circulation system, impacts related to increasing hazards, or resulting in inadequate emergency access. Impact 2.1-7 did analyze the potential for construction to disrupt ongoing operations of the local transportation system, and concluded that, with implementation of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.1-7, a less-than-significant impact would occur. b. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to a substantial increase in per capita VMT compared to existing conditions under Impact 2.1-4, Because buildout under the Plan would result in an overall reduction of per-capita VMT, the Plan Bay Area EIR determined that a less-than-significant impact would occur. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 204 June 2021 Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.1-3(b) and 2.1-7 apply to the project. Measure 2.1-3(b), which requires incorporation of a TDM plan as part of the project, has already been implemented (see page 24 of this SCEA, and Appendix H). 2.1-3(b) Transportation demand management (TDM) strategies shall be incorporated into individual land use and transportation projects and plans, as part of the planning process. Local agencies shall incorporate strategies identified in the Federal Highway Administration’s publication: Integrating Demand Management into the Transportation Planning Process: A Desk Reference (August 2012) into the planning process (FHWA 2012). For example, the following strategies may be included to encourage use of transit and non-motorized modes of transportation and reduce vehicle miles traveled on the region’s roadways: • include TDM mitigation requirements for new developments; • incorporate supporting infrastructure for non-motorized modes, such as, bike lanes, secure bike parking, sidewalks, and crosswalks; • provide incentives to use alternative modes and reduce driving, such as, universal transit passes, road and parking pricing; • implement parking management programs, such as parking cash-out, priority parking for carpools and vanpools; • develop TDM-specific performance measures to evaluate project-specific and system-wide performance; • incorporate TDM performance measures in the decision-making process for identifying transportation investments; • implement data collection programs for TDM to determine the effectiveness of certain strategies and to measure success over time; and • set aside funding for TDM initiatives. The increase in per capita VMT on facilities experiencing LOS F represents a significant impact compared to existing conditions. To assess whether implementation of these specific mitigation strategies would result in measurable traffic congestion reductions, implementing actions may need to be further refined within the overall parameters of the proposed Plan and matched to local conditions in any subsequent project-level environmental analysis. 2.1-7 Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement the following measure, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include: Implementing agencies shall require implementation of best practice strategies regarding construction activities on the transportation system and apply recommended applicable mitigation measures as defined by state and federal agencies. Examples of mitigation measures include, but are not limited to, the following: • prepare a transportation construction plan for all phases of construction; 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 205 June 2021 • establish construction phasing/staging schedule and sequence that minimizes impacts of a work zone on traffic by using operationally-sensitive phasing and staging throughout the life of the project; • identify arrival/departure times for trucks and construction workers to avoid peak periods of adjacent street traffic and minimize traffic affects; • identify optimal delivery and haul routes to and from the site to minimize impacts to traffic, transit, pedestrians, and bicyclists; • identify appropriate detour routes for bicycles and pedestrians in areas affected by construction; • coordinate with local transit agencies and provide for relocation of bus stops and ensure adequate wayfinding and signage to notify transit users; • preserve emergency vehicle access; • implement public awareness strategies to educate and reach out to the public, businesses, and the community concerning the project and work zone (e.g., brochures and mailers, press releases/media alerts); • provide a point of contact for residents, employees, property owners, and visitors to obtain construction information, and provide comments and questions; • provide current and/or real-time information to road users regarding the project work zone (e.g., changeable message sign to notify road users of lane and road closures and work activities, temporary conventional signs to guide motorists through the work zone); and • encourage construction workers to use transit, carpool, and other sustainable transportation modes when commuting to and from the site. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a. Traffic added to the surrounding roadway system by the proposed project was estimated using a combination of existing driveway trip counts from existing commercial buildings at the site and the locally-sensitive trip generation methodology known as MXD+. The MXD+ method accounts for built environment factors, including the density and diversity of land uses, design of the pedestrian and bicycle environment, demographics of the site, and distance to transit, to develop more realistic trip generation estimates than traditional traffic engineering methods. Vehicle trips from the existing office buildings and anticipated trips generated from the proposed project are shown in Table 20. As shown in the table, the project would generate approximately 1,133 new vehicle trips. Table 20 Project Vehicle Trip Generation Summary Land Use Size Daily Total AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour In Out Total In Out Total Proposed Project 480 units 2,614 41 118 159 122 78 200 Existing Buildings 80,680- sf 1,011 43 21 63 30 39 68 Net New Trips -- 1,133 -11 71 61 66 21 87 Source: Fehr & Peers, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 206 June 2021 Two freeway off-ramps were selected for queueing analysis to assess conditions where the addition of project-generated trips may result in hazards to road users. The two study locations were: US-101/Produce Avenue (southbound off-ramp) and the US-101/South Airport Boulevard (northbound off-ramp). Because the project would be a residential land use and the majority of project-generated off-ramp trips would be during the PM, the PM peak hour was selected as the analysis period. Results of the queuing analysis revealed that the proposed project would not extend or contribute to queues longer than storage distances at both off-ramp locations. The project would generate new pedestrian and bicycle trips, particularly residents walking to downtown South San Francisco and the Caltrain station. The project would include 240 long-term protected bicycle parking spaces, which exceeds the City’s Code requirement. The intersection of Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue/San Mateo Avenue features slip right-turn lanes that allow turning vehicles to yield rather than come to a full stop before turning. In combination with increased bicycle and pedestrian traffic from the project, given the wide turning radii, relatively high speeds, yield-control of the slip right-turn lanes, and lack of separation of bicycle lanes the intersection of Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue/San Mateo Avenue could experience exacerbated conflicts between vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists. However, as noted in the Transportation Study, the proposed project would not create inconsistencies with adopted bicycle or pedestrian system plans, guidelines, or policy standards. Future residents of the proposed project on Site 1 would have direct access to the Airport Boulevard sidewalks and would need to make one road crossing at the intersection of Airport Boulevard/Baden Avenue to access the future Caltrain pedestrian access point near Grand Avenue. Future residents at Site 2 would have to make an additional crossing at the intersection of Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue/San Mateo Avenue in order to reach the Caltrain station. All pedestrians coming from the project site would be required to travel through the Airport Boulevard railroad underpass tunnel to access the Caltrain station and downtown South San Francisco. The tunnel currently includes approximately six-foot wide sidewalks on both sides with limited pedestrian-scaled lighting. As a Condition of Approval, the City has required the applicant to construct off-site improvements, including installation of pedestrian-scale lighting along the Airport Boulevard undercrossing, and the removal of slip lanes and related improvements at the intersection of Airport Boulevard/San Mateo Avenue/Produce Avenue. Such improvements would improve accessibility to high-quality transit. The proposed project would generate vehicle trips in the vicinity of existing transit services and would generate some new transit trips to existing routes. SamTrans bus routes travel along the project site frontage on Airport Boulevard, and Caltrain operates less than 0.5- mile from the project site. The addition of 87 net new vehicle trips during the PM peak hour, or approximately one to two new vehicles per minute, would not create a disruption to transit service surrounding the project site. The project may add net new transit trips to Caltrain and other public transit routes, but ridership would be accommodated through the existing available capacity. The proposed project would not include features that would disrupt existing or planned transit routes or facilities, and the proposed driveways would not cause disruptions to existing or planned transit service or transit stops. Overall, the proposed project would not conflict with any adopted transit system plans, guidelines, policies, or standards. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 207 June 2021 According to the Transportation Study, implementation of the proposed project would not result in a detrimental impact to existing bicycle, pedestrian, or transit facilities, or conflict with adopted policies in adopted City plans. Therefore, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and the impacts would be less-than-significant under Existing Plus Project conditions, and the project would not be a cumulatively considerable contributor to significant cumulative impacts under Cumulative Plus Project conditions. b. Section 15064.3 of the CEQA Guidelines provides specific considerations for evaluating a project’s transportation impacts. Per Section 15064.3, analysis of VMT attributable to a project is the most appropriate measure of transportation impacts. Other relevant considerations may include the effects of the project on transit and non-motorized travel. Except as provided in Section 15064.3 (b)(2) regarding roadway capacity, a project’s effect on automobile delay shall not constitute a significant environmental impact under CEQA. Per Section 15064.3(3), a lead agency may analyze a project’s VMT qualitatively based on the availability of transit, proximity to destinations, etc. As noted throughout this SCEA IS, the project site is located within the vicinity of a major public transit stop. According to the VMT threshold guidelines adopted by the City, projects located within 0.5-mile of a high-quality transit area are presumed to have less-than-significant VMT impacts unless: the Floor Area Ratio (FAR) is less than 0.75; the project would provide more parking than required by City Code; the project would be inconsistent with the applicable Regional Transportation Plan / Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS), as determined by the City; or the project would replace affordable housing units with market-rate units. The project site is located within 0.5-mile of both the existing and the proposed South San Francisco Caltrain Station. The FAR for Building 1 is 2.81, and the FAR for Building 2 is 2.92. Thus, the total FAR is higher than the 0.75 threshold. A total of 560 parking spaces are proposed, which is less than the 720 required by the City Code, given the proposed unit types. The Plan Bay Area is the relevant RTP/SCS for South San Francisco. The proposed project would be consistent with the use and intensity that is included in Plan Bay Area and, the project falls within the projected land use development totals for South San Francisco. Finally, the project would not replace affordable housing units with market- rate units. Therefore, the project would result in a less-than-significant impact related to VMT. In addition, the TDM prepared for the proposed project includes several measures that would further reduce VMT (see Appendix H). Some of the recommended measures include incorporation of bicycle repair stands, carpool and vanpool programs and incentives, subsidized transit passes, and unbundled parking costs. The proposed TDM satisfies the requirements of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.1-3(b). Based on the above, the proposed project would not conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b), and, consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR, a less-than- significant impact would occur. c. The project design does not include construction of any new geometric design features that would cause hazards. The project would provide two right-in, right-out only driveways off Airport Boulevard and two full-access driveways off San Mateo Avenue. The driveways on Airport Boulevard would not change the existing roadway geometry, while the San Mateo Avenue driveways include short (approximately 50 feet) left-turn pockets. Sight 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 208 June 2021 distance at the proposed driveways is not expected to change from what is available under existing conditions, and is expected to be adequate for drivers exiting the project site and for pedestrians crossing the driveways. Any future vegetation located within the sight triangles at driveways should be maintained so as not to restrict drivers sight distance when exiting the driveways. Implementation of the proposed project may exacerbate an existing hazard by generating new trips that would use the existing slip lanes at the Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue/San Mateo Avenue intersection, which may exacerbate conflicts between vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists given the wide turning radii, relatively high speeds, yield control, and lack of separation of bicycle movements. Therefore, the project could result in a potentially significant impact related to hazards due to design features or incompatible uses. However, implementation of project-specific Mitigation Measure XIII- 1, which would be required by the City as a condition of approval for the proposed project, would reduce the aforementioned impact to a less-than-significant level. d. As noted above, analysis of LOS is no longer required under CEQA. Nonetheless, a limited LOS analysis was prepared by Fehr & Peers to evaluate LOS at three nearby intersections under Existing Plus Project and Cumulative Plus Project conditions to determine consistency with emergency access availability. The study intersections are listed below: 1. Produce Avenue / San Mateo Avenue / Airport Boulevard; 2. Airport Boulevard / Mitchell Avenue / Gateway Boulevard; and 3. US-101 Northbound Ramps / South Airport Boulevard / Wondercolor Lane. The proposed project would generate a very small percentage of overall daily and peak hour traffic on local roadways. For instance, the project is expected to generate 61 AM peak hour and 87 PM peak hour net new vehicle trips, which would represent approximately one percent of entering volumes at study intersections during the peak hours. The proposed project would not include any features that would alter emergency vehicle access routes or roadway facilities. Therefore, the proposed project is not expected to result in inadequate emergency access, and, consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR, the project’s impacts to emergency access would be less-than-significant under Existing Plus Project conditions and less than cumulatively considerable under Cumulative Plus Project conditions. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures Implementation of the following mitigation measure would reduce the above impact (see discussion ‘c’) to a less-than-significant level. XIII-1 Prior to final certificate of occupancy, the applicant shall design and construct the following off-site improvement to the satisfaction of the City to reduce hazards to project-generated person trips: • The project shall remove the northwestern and southwestern slip lanes at the intersection of Airport Boulevard/San Mateo Avenue/Produce Avenue, as identified in the design concepts by the City of South San Francisco shown in Figure 3-1 of the Transportation Impact Analysis. This mitigation would replace these slip lanes with tighter curb radii, add directional curb ramps, stripe high-visibility continental crosswalks, and stripe southbound 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 209 June 2021 and eastbound bicycle lane approaches at the intersection. Removing slip lanes would help slow right-turning vehicles, providing a safer experience for bicycles and pedestrians. Enhanced crosswalks will also provide shorter crossing distances for pedestrians, reducing their exposure to vehicle traffic. The project shall review existing intersection signal timing and adjust if necessary, to accommodate the new pedestrian crossing times. Findings A central goal of the Plan Bay Area is the combination of transportation and land use planning to decreased reliance on single-passenger vehicles, and increase the use of alternative means of transportation such as buses, trains, bicycles and walking. The Plan Bay Area concluded that increased densification of existing urban areas would help support these goals by placing more people in proximity to existing mass transportation infrastructure and in closer proximity to employment centers, which would reduce VMT. The project site is located in a TPA and, as such, the project’s location would allow residents to use alternate means of transportation, which would decrease the use of single passenger vehicles. Increasing ridership of existing alternative transit options would support such systems while also reducing the amount of single-passenger vehicle traffic that would otherwise be created by area population growth related to the project. Additionally, project-specific Mitigation Measure XIII-1 would ensure that the project applicant would construct off-site improvements that would reduce potential hazards. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.1-3(b), which requires preparation and implementation of a TDM, has already been implemented. Because the project is taking advantage of the CEQA streamlining provisions of SB 375, Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.1-7 would also be required as part of the proposed project, even though the mitigation measure is not necessary to reduce an identified impact. Given the above discussion, and the project’s consistency with the Plan Bay Area, the proposed project would not be expected to result in any additional environmental effects related to Transportation and Circulation. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 210 June 2021 XIV. TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES. Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American Tribe, and that is: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than-Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than-Significant Impact No Impact a. Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k).     b. A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe.     Environmental Setting The San Francisco Bay Area has a moderate, Mediterranean type climate and access to abundant natural resources, making the region suitable for human settlement thousands of years ago. In particular, the Ohlone Native American tribe is known to have lived within San Mateo County. As noted in the General Plan EIR, evidence of Native American residents, such as shell mounds and middens, have been found throughout the City. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR Impacts to tribal cultural resources are discussed in Chapter 4.14 of the General Plan EIR. a,b. Impact 4.14-b includes a discussion regarding how development of the General Plan has the potential to disrupt property of cultural significance. As noted therein, known tribal cultural resources associated with Ohlone settlement are scattered throughout the City. One such resource is the Native American archaeological village within the El Camino Corridor Redevelopment Area, which contains Native American household items and human burials. The following policies have been included in the General Plan that address the protection of tribal cultural resources: • 7.5-I-4: Ensure the protection of known archaeological resources in the city by requiring a records review for any development proposed in areas of known resources. • 7.5-I-5: In accordance with State law, require the preparation of a resource mitigation plan and monitoring program by a qualified archaeologist in the event that archaeological resources are uncovered. The General Plan EIR concludes that, with implementation of the measures listed within the General Plan, impacts to tribal cultural resources would be avoided and addressed appropriately, and impacts would be less than significant. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 211 June 2021 Mitigation Measures from the General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR The Plan Bay Area EIR discusses tribal cultural resources in Chapter 2.11 a,b. Impacts to tribal cultural resources are discussed under Impact 2.11-5. The Plan Bay Area EIR notes that, while identified tribal cultural resources do not exist within the planning area, the potential exists that previously unknown tribal cultural resources could be identified during ground-disturbing activities, and a potentially significant impact could occur. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-5 (see below) requires compliance with State tribal consultation regulations and protection of tribal cultural resources should they be found during construction. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.11-5, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impacts would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above- referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impact related to tribal cultural resources would be less than significant. In addition, as discussed in further detail below, implementation of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.11-2 and 2.11-5, as well as State law, would be required by the City of South San Francisco as a condition of approval of the proposed project and would thereby ensure that the proposed project would result in a less-than-significant impact to tribal cultural resources. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-5 would apply to the proposed project: 2.11-5 If the implementing agency determines that a project may cause a substantial adverse change to a TCR, and measures are not otherwise identified in the consultation process required under PRC Section 21080.3.2, implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement the following measures where feasible and necessary to address site-specific impacts to avoid or minimize the significant adverse impacts: • Within 14 days of determining that a project application is complete, or to undertake a project, the lead agency must provide formal notification, in writing, to the tribes that have requested notification of proposed projects in the lead agency’s jurisdiction. If it wishes to engage in consultation on the project, the tribe must respond to the lead agency within 30 days of receipt of the formal notification. The lead agency must begin the consultation process with the tribes that have requested consultation within 30 days of receiving the request for consultation. Consultation concludes when either: 1) the parties agree to measures to mitigate or avoid a significant effect, if a significant effect exists, on a tribal cultural resource, or 2) a party, acting in good faith and after reasonable effort, concludes that mutual agreement cannot be reached. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 212 June 2021 • Public agencies shall, when feasible, avoid damaging effects to any TCR (PRC Section 21084.3 (a).). If the lead agency determines that a project may cause a substantial adverse change to a tribal cultural resource, and measures are not otherwise identified in the consultation process, new provisions in the PRC describe mitigation measures that, if determined by the lead agency to be feasible, may avoid or minimize the significant adverse impacts (PRC Section 21084.3 (b)). Examples include: E. Avoidance and preservation of the resources in place, including, but not limited to, planning and construction to avoid the resources and protect the cultural and natural context, or planning greenspace, parks, or other open space, to incorporate the resources with culturally appropriate protection and management criteria. F. Treating the resource with culturally appropriate dignity taking into account the tribal cultural values and meaning of the resource, including, but not limited to, the following:  Protecting the cultural character and integrity of the resource  Protecting the traditional use of the resource  Protecting the confidentiality of the resource. G. Permanent conservation easements or other interests in real property, with culturally appropriate management criteria for the purposes of preserving or utilizing the resources or places. H. Protecting the resource. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a,b. The project site has been previously developed and, therefore, subject to extensive ground disturbance. As a result, the likelihood that previously unknown tribal cultural resources would be found during redevelopment is low. Based on the lack of identified tribal cultural resources at the site and the extensive disturbance that has occurred within the project vicinity, known tribal cultural resources do not exist within the site. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-5 requires the performance of professionally accepted and legally compliant procedures for the identification of tribal cultural resources, and is relevant to the proposed project. In addition, as noted in Section III, Cultural Resources, the project would comply with Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.11-2, California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 and 7052, and California Public Resources Code Section 5097. Pursuant to AB 52, the City distributed notices of the proposed project to the appropriate tribes. No tribe requested consultation within the 30-day response period. While the possibility exists that construction of the proposed project could result in a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource if previously unknown tribal cultural resources are uncovered during grading or other ground-disturbing activities, the required implementation of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.11-2 and 2.11-5 and State law would ensure that a less-than-significant impact to tribal cultural resources would occur. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.11-2 and 2.11- 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 213 June 2021 5 are hereby incorporated as requirements of the proposed project and would be included as a part of the conditions of approval. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings Known tribal cultural resources do not exist on the project site. However, if previously unknown tribal cultural resources are identified during ground disturbing activities associated with the proposed project, implementation of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.11-2 and 2.11-5 and compliance with California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 and 7052 and California Public Resources Code Section 5097, would reduce impacts to a less-than-significant level. As such, the proposed project would not be considered to result in any additional environmental impacts related to Tribal Cultural Resources. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 214 June 2021 XV. UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS. Would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than- Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than- Significant Impact No Impact a. Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment, or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects?     b. Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry, and multiple dry years?     c. Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments?     d. Generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals?     e. Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste?     Environmental Setting The project site currently contains six commercial buildings and associated paved areas, and is located within a developed area of South San Francisco. As such, utilities connections and service systems already serve the project site. Water service for the project site is provided by Cal Water, and wastewater treatment service is provided by the cities of South San Francisco and San Bruno. Solid waste collection is provided to the project site by South San Francisco Scavenger Company, natural gas is provided by PG&E, electricity is provided by PG&E and/or PCE, and underground fiber-optic communication and cable provider lines exist in the project vicinity. Water Potable water supplies in the City of South San Francisco, including the project site, are provided by California Water Service (Cal Water). Cal Water does not have rights to any surface water to use as a supply for the South San Francisco District. However, Cal Water contracts with the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC), and the SFPUC delivers Cal Water with surface water.70 The water provided to customers in South San Francisco comes primarily from purchased water from the SFPUC, and approximately 15 percent of the water supply is from groundwater. Cal Water’s purchased water supply from the SFPUC is subject to the Water Supply Agreement (WSA) between the City and County of San Francisco and Wholesale Customers, adopted in July, 2009. In general, 85 percent of the supply comes from the Tuolumne River through Hetch Hetchy Reservoir and the remaining 15 percent comes from the local watersheds through the San Antonio, Calaveras, Crystal Springs, Pilarcitos and San Andreas Reservoirs. Based on the Urban Water Management Plan, the South San Francisco District has a sufficient water supply during years under normal conditions. However, during one-year or multi-year droughts, shortfalls up to 20 percent or more are projected. Under such conditions, Cal Water will implement its Water 70 California Water Service. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan, South San Francisco. June 17, 2016. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 215 June 2021 Shortage Contingency Plan.71Currently, there is an eight-inch water line in San Mateo Avenue adjacent to the project site, a six-inch water line in Airport Boulevard adjacent to the south end of Site 1, a six-inch water line in Produce Avenue adjacent to the north end of Site 2, and a 12-inch water line in Produce Avenue adjacent to Site 2. Wastewater Treatment The City of South San Francisco maintains all of its sewer system facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the Sewer System Management Plan (SSMP) per Waste Discharge Requirements Order No. 2006-003 DWQ, adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board, and Order No. WQ 2013-0058-EXEC for Statewide General Waste Discharge Requirements and Sanitary Systems. All wastewater from the City is conveyed to South San Francisco Water Quality Control Plant (SSFWQCP), which provides secondary wastewater treatment for the cities of South San Francisco, San Bruno, and Colma. The SSFWQCP has design capacity to treat 13 MGD average daily flow. The average dry weather flow through the facility is 9 MGD.72 There is an existing sewer main in San Mateo Avenue, adjacent to both parcels. Stormwater Drainage The City of South San Francisco operates and maintains the stormwater drainage system, which currently consists of approximately 13,220 linear feet of stormwater drainage pipes, 88 stormwater drainage inlets, and 11 stormwater manholes. The stormwater system contains various drainage networks that discharge directly to San Francisco Bay through at least 16 outfalls and one channel. The City operates under the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board Municipal Regional Stormwater NPDES Permit, Order No. R2-2015-0049, NPDES Permit No. CAS612008, and requires implementation of BMPs and LID design.73 Currently, there is a 24-inch storm drain pipe in San Mateo Avenue, adjacent to both parcels, which connects to an outfall to Colma Creek near the southwest end of Site 2. In addition, a private 15-inch storm drain pipe is located in Site 2, which connects to an outfall to Colma Creek near the southwest end of Site 2. Finally, a 15-inch storm drain pipe is located in Produce Avenue, which connects to an outfall to Colma Creek near the southeast end of Site 2. Solid Waste Solid waste and recycling services are provided to the project site by South San Francisco Scavenger Company. Collected waste is processed at the Blue Line Transfer Facility, located at 500 East Jamie Court. The Blue Line Transfer Facility has a maximum permitted capacity of 2,400 tons per day.74 Materials that cannot be recycled or composted are transferred to the Corinda Los Trancos (Ox Mountain) Landfill near Half Moon Bay, owned by Browning-Ferris Industries. The landfill has a permitted maximum disposal of 3,598 tons per day, with a remaining capacity of approximately 22.2 million cubic yards. The closure date is planned for 2034. Electricity and Natural Gas Electricity is provided to the project site by PCE/PG&E, and natural gas service is provided by PG&E. Electricity and natural gas infrastructure currently exist in the immediate project vicinity. 71 California Water Service. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan, South San Francisco District. June 2016. 72 California Water Service. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan, South San Francisco District. June 2016. 73 City of South San Francisco. 2017 OSPS Update Municipal Services Assessment Draft Report. November 2017. 74 California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). SWIS Facility Detail: Blue Line MRF and TS (41-AA-0185). Available at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/swfacilities/Directory/41-AA-0185. Accessed July 17, 2020. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 216 June 2021 Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR The General Plan EIR evaluated the effects of development under the General Plan on electricity, natural gas and telecommunications in Chapter 4.15. Chapter 4.6 of the General Plan EIR evaluates impacts related to water, wastewater, and solid waste facilities. a. Under Impact 4.15-a, the General Plan EIR noted that utilities would be expanded to new developments as they occur. Because existing infrastructure already exists in most of the City, and expansion of infrastructure to vacant lots would be feasible, a less-than-significant impact would occur. In addition, the General Plan EIR concluded that the additional demand for utility services that would occur from buildout of the General Plan would be adequately met by the utility providers. Impact 4.15-b determined that PG&E anticipates being able to adequately meet energy demands to new developments built under the General Plan, and the impact would be less than significant. b. The General Plan EIR discusses impacts related to demand for water and available water supply under Impact 4.6-a, and notes that new development and intensification of development under the General Plan would result in increased demand for water. However, the General Plan EIR concludes that implementation of the General Plan policies below would ensure that impacts remain less than significant. • 5.3-I-1 Work with California Water Service Company and Westborough County Water District to ensure coordinated capital improvements with respect to the extent and timing of growth. • 5.3-I-2 Establish guidelines and standards for water conservation and actively promote the use of water-conserving devices and practices in both new construction and major alterations and additions to existing buildings. • 5.3-I-3 Ensure that future residents and businesses equitably share costs associated with providing water service to new development in South San Francisco. • 5.3-G-1 Promote the orderly and efficient operation and expansion of the water supply system to meet projected needs. • 5.3-G-2 Encourage water conservation measures for both existing and proposed development. • 5.3-G-3 Promote the equitable sharing of the costs associated with providing water service to new development. c. Under Impact 4.6-e, the General Plan EIR notes that development under the General Plan would result in an increase in wastewater generation outside of the capacity of the current wastewater treatment plant. However, the treatment plant has planned expansion, and the General Plan includes policies, listed below, to ensure that demand for wastewater treatment does not exceed capacity. Thus, the impact would be less than significant. • 5.3-G-4 Promote the orderly and efficient operation and expansion of the wastewater system to meet projected needs. • 5.3-I-4 Ensure coordinated capital improvements with respect to the extent and timing of growth. • 5.3-I-6 Monitor industrial discharges to ensure that wastewater quality continues to meet various federal, State, and regional standards; treatment costs should remain affordable. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 217 June 2021 • 5.3-G-5 Promote the equitable sharing of the costs associated with providing wastewater service to new development. d,e. Impact 4.6-f of the General Plan EIR discussed impacts related to solid waste generation and disposal. According to the General Plan EIR, the local landfill will have adequate capacity to handle solid waste generated by the City at full buildout of the General Plan. In addition, General Plan policies 8.3-G-1 and 8.3-I-1 both encourage a reduction in solid waste generation and increase in recycling. Therefore, impacts related to solid waste would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Chapter 2.12 of the Plan Bay Area EIR evaluated potential impacts to water resources, utilities, and service systems that may result from implementation of the proposed Plan Bay Area. Where necessary and feasible, mitigation measures are identified to reduce these impacts. a. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to construction of new or expanded water and wastewater treatment facilities under Impact 2.12-4. Potential impacts on water and wastewater treatment facilities capacity would occur primarily from projected development under the changes in land use assumed by the proposed Plan. The Plan Bay Area EIR includes Mitigation Measure 2.12-4, requiring projects to upgrade infrastructure as needed to ensure adequate capacity exists to serve the project and other demand. The Plan Bay Area EIR also analyzed the potential impact related to construction of new or expanded stormwater drainage facilities under Impact 2.12-3. Development outside of urbanized areas could require the construction of new stormwater drainage systems, and this impact would be potentially significant. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.12-3 and 2.12-4, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impacts would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above-referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impacts related to water, sewer, and drainage improvements would be less than significant. In addition, considering the proposed project is located at an infill location, the existing utility infrastructure in the vicinity of the site is sufficient to the serve the proposed project. As such, project-specific impacts related to the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment, or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities would be less than significant. b. The Plan Bay Area EIR Impact 2.12-1 analyzed the potential impact related to insufficient water supplies from existing entitlements and resources to serve expected development. Development under the Plan would increase demand for water, and could result in insufficient water supplies. Plan Bay Area EIR includes Mitigation Measure 2.12-1, requiring implementing agencies and/or project sponsors to require that land use and transportation project sponsors coordinate with water suppliers to ensure adequate water supplies exist or comply with project-level CEQA review and incorporate on-site water 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 218 June 2021 conservation strategies, water budgeting, and incorporation of recycled water for non- potable use. Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.12-1, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impact would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above-referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impact related to water supplies would be less than significant. In the case of the proposed project, the City will implement the required mitigation to ensure that potential impacts are reduced to a less-than-significant level. In addition, as discussed in further detail below, the water provider for the proposed project would have sufficient water supply to serve future demand during dry years. Consequently, project-specific impacts related to water supply would be less than significant. c. The Plan Bay Area EIR Impact 2.12-2 analyzed the potential impact related to inadequate wastewater treatment capacity to serve new development. Development under the Plan would increase demand for water treatment, and could result in exceedance of the wastewater treatment capacity. Implementation of Plan Bay Area Mitigation Measure 2.12- 2 would reduce the potential impact to a less-than-significant level. d,e. The Plan Bay Area EIR analyzed the potential impact related to insufficient landfill capacity under Impact 2.12-5. The solid waste generated by both land use and transportation projects could reduce the capacity of existing landfills, leading to earlier closure dates than currently anticipated and a need for increased landfill capacity. Plan Bay Area EIR includes Mitigation Measure 2.12-5, requiring implementing agencies and/or project sponsors to apply landfill diversion strategies including re-using building materials, maintaining structures where applicable, developing construction waste management plans, and using guidance from the Construction Materials Recycling Association (CMRA). Because the MTC/ABAG does not have regulatory authority to impose certain mitigation measures, such as Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.12-5, the Plan Bay Area EIR concluded that the impact would be significant and unavoidable for the program-level review. However, to the extent that the lead agencies having such authority require individual projects to adopt and implement the above-referenced Plan Bay Area EIR mitigation, the project’s impact related to landfill capacity would be less than significant. In the case of the proposed project, the City will implement the required mitigation to ensure that potential impacts are reduced to a less-than-significant level. In addition, as discussed in further detail below, the increase in solid waste generation from the proposed project would not be considered significant, and the landfill would have sufficient capacity. Therefore, project-specific impacts related to the generation of solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, and compliance with federal, State, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.12-3(c) only applies to transportation projects requiring Caltrans review and, therefore, would not apply to the proposed project. Plan Bay Area EIR 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 219 June 2021 Mitigation Measures 2.12-1(a) through (c), 2.12-2, 2.12-3(a) and (b), 2.12-4, and 2.12-5 would apply to the proposed project: 2.12-1(a) Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • For projects that could increase demand for water, project sponsors shall coordinate with the relevant water service provider to ensure that the provider has adequate supplies and infrastructure to accommodate the increase in demand. If the current infrastructure servicing the project site is found to be inadequate, infrastructure improvements shall be identified in each project’s CEQA documentation. • Implement water conservation measures which result in reduced demand for potable water. This could include reducing the use of potable water for landscape irrigation (such as through drought-tolerant plantings, water- efficient irrigation systems, the capture and use of rainwater) and the use of water-conserving fixtures (such as dual-flush toilets, waterless urinals, reduced flow faucets). • Coordinate with the water provider to identify an appropriate water consumption budget for the size and type of project, and designing and operating the project accordingly. • For projects located in an area with existing reclaimed water conveyance infrastructure and excess reclaimed water capacity, use reclaimed water for non-potable uses, especially landscape irrigation. For projects in a location planned for future reclaimed water service, projects should install dual plumbing systems in anticipation of future use. Large developments could treat wastewater onsite to tertiary standards and use it for non- potable uses onsite. 2.12-1(b) Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall require the construction phase of transportation projects to connect to reclaimed water distribution systems for non-potable water needs, when feasible based on project- and site-specific considerations. 2.12-1(c) Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall require transportation projects with landscaping to use drought-resistant plantings or connect to reclaimed water distribution systems for irrigation and other non-potable water needs when available and feasible based on project- and site-specific considerations. 2.12-2 Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement mitigations measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • During the design and CEQA review of individual future projects, implementing agencies and project sponsors shall determine whether sufficient wastewater treatment capacity exists for a proposed project. These CEQA determinations must ensure that the proposed development can be served by its existing or planned treatment capacity. If adequate 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 220 June 2021 capacity does not exist, project sponsors shall coordinate with the relevant service provider to ensure that adequate public services and utilities could accommodate the increased demand, and if not, infrastructure improvements for the appropriate public service or utility shall be identified in each project’s CEQA documentation. The relevant public service provider or utility shall be responsible for undertaking project-level review as necessary to provide CEQA clearance for new facilities. • Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall also require compliance with Mitigation Measure 2.12-1(a), and MTC shall require implementation of Mitigation Measures 2.12-1(b), and/or 2.12-1(c) listed under Impact 2.12-1, as feasible based on project- and site-specific considerations to reduce water usage and, subsequently, wastewater flows. 2.12-3(a) Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project-and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • During the design and CEQA review of individual future projects, implementing agencies and project sponsors shall determine whether sufficient stormwater drainage facilities exist for a proposed project. These CEQA determinations must ensure that the proposed development can be served by its existing or planned drainage capacity. If adequate stormwater drainage facilities do not exist, project sponsors shall coordinate with the appropriate utility and service provider to ensure that adequate facilities could accommodate the increased demand, and if not, infrastructure and facility improvements shall be identified in each project’s CEQA determination. The relevant public service provider or utility shall be responsible for undertaking project-level review as necessary to provide CEQA clearance for new facilities. • For projects of greater than 1 acre in size, reduce stormwater runoff caused by construction by implementing stormwater control best practices, based on those required for a SWPPP. • Model and implement a stormwater management plan or site design that prevents the post-development peak discharge rate and quantity from exceeding predevelopment rates. 2.12-3(b) Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • Transportation projects shall incorporate stormwater control, retention, and infiltration features, such as detention basins, bioswales, vegetated median strips, and permeable paving, early into the design process to ensure that adequate acreage and elevation contours are planned. 2.12-4 Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 221 June 2021 • For projects that could increase demand on water and wastewater treatment facilities, project sponsors shall coordinate with the relevant service provider to ensure that the existing public services and utilities could accommodate the increase in demand. If the current infrastructure servicing the project site is found to be inadequate, infrastructure improvements for the appropriate public service or utility shall be identified in each project’s CEQA documentation. The relevant public service provider or utility shall be responsible for undertaking project-level review as necessary to provide CEQA clearance for new facilities. Further, Mitigation Measures 2.12-1(a), 2.12-1(b), 2.12-1(c), and 2.12-2 would reduce water demand and wastewater generation, and subsequently reduce the need for new or expanded water and wastewater treatment facilities. Mitigation Measures 2.12-3(a), 2.12-3(b), and 2.12-3(c) would also mitigate the impact of additional stormwater runoff from land use and transportation projects on existing wastewater treatment facilities. 2.12-5 Implementing agencies and/or project sponsors shall implement measures, where feasible and necessary based on project- and site-specific considerations that include, but are not limited to: • providing an easily accessible area that is dedicated to the collection and storage of non-hazardous recycling materials • maintaining or re-using existing building structures and materials during building renovations and redevelopment • using salvaged, refurbished or reused materials, to help divert such items from landfills • for transportation projects, diverting construction waste from landfills, where feasible, through means such as: o the submission and implementation of a construction waste management plan that identifies materials to be diverted from disposal o establishing diversion targets, possibly with different targets for different types and scales of development o helping developments share information on available materials with one another, to aid in the transfer and use of salvaged materials; and • applying the specifications developed by the Construction Materials Recycling Association (CMRA) to assist contractors and developers in diverting materials from construction and demolition projects, where feasible (RMC 2006). Project-Specific Impact Discussion a. The project site is currently developed, and located in an urban area. Therefore, water, wastewater, stormwater, electricity, and natural gas infrastructure already exist to serve the proposed project. As part of the proposed project, a new eight-inch sewer lateral for Building 1 would connect to an existing manhole on the north side of San Mateo Avenue, connecting to the existing 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 222 June 2021 sewer line in San Mateo Avenue. Additionally, the project would include installation of a six-inch sewer lateral for Building 2 at an existing manhole within the sidewalk on the south side of San Mateo Avenue, connecting to the existing sewer in San Mateo Avenue. Based on a Technical Memorandum prepared for the proposed project by BKF Engineers, the existing sewer main would have adequate capacity for the proposed project if the main is an eight-inch line, per the initial survey.75 In addition, the project would include construction of a storm drain connection for Building 1 via a new manhole installed on the existing storm drain pipe in San Mateo Avenue, and a storm drain connection for Building 2 via a new manhole on the private storm drain pipe in Parcel 2, which connects to an existing outfall to Colma Creek. The Technical Memorandum concludes that both stormwater lines have sufficient capacity to serve the proposed project.76 The City of South San Francisco has provided a Will-Serve Letter indicating that the City will provide both sanitary sewer and storm drain service to the proposed project.77 The project would receive water supply through the following network: an eight-inch water line that currently exists within San Mateo Avenue adjacent to the site; a six-inch water line that is located in a portion of Airport Boulevard adjacent to the south end of Site 1; a six-inch water line that is located in a portion of Produce Avenue adjacent to the north end of Site 2; and a 12-inch water line that is located in Produce Avenue adjacent to Site 2. Based on preliminary fire flow calculations prepared as part of the Technical Memorandum, there is sufficient flow and pressure in the existing water mains to provide sufficient water for fire protection.78 In addition, Cal Water has provided a Will Serve Letter, which indicates that Cal Water will provide water service to the proposed project.79 Electricity, natural gas, and telecommunications utilities would be provided by way of connections to existing infrastructure located within the immediate project vicinity. Therefore, the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment, stormwater drainage, or other utility infrastructure would not be required. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measure 2.12-3(c) only applies to transportation projects requiring Caltrans review and, therefore, would not apply to the proposed project. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.12-3(a) and 2.12-4 apply to the project. Considering the project would have access to adequate infrastructure, the intent of the measures has already been fulfilled. Mitigation Measure 2.12-3(b) pertains to incorporating drainage facilities in the design of transportation projects, and thus, will be required by the City as a project condition of approval, with respect to the Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue/San Mateo Avenue intersection improvements. 75 BKF Engineers. Technical Memorandum, BKF Job Number 20181418-10, 124 Airport Boulevard and 100 Produce Avenue Utility Summary. March 30, 2020. 76 BKF Engineers. Technical Memorandum, BKF Job Number 20181418-10, 124 Airport Boulevard and 100 Produce Avenue Utility Summary. March 30, 2020. 77 City of South San Francisco. Will-Serve Letter for 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave, South San Francisco, CA, Sanitary Sewer and Storm Drainage Service. October 30, 2018. 78 BKF Engineers. Technical Memorandum, BKF Job Number 20181418-10, 124 Airport Boulevard and 100 Produce Avenue Utility Summary. March 30, 2020. 79 California Water Service. Will Serve Letter Tract or Parcel Map No: APN 015-113-180 and 015-113-380, 124 S Airport and 10 Produce Ave, South SF, CA, 94080. October 31, 2018. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 223 June 2021 Based on the above, the project would result in a less-than-significant impact related to the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment, or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects. b. Based on the Technical Memorandum prepared by BKF Engineers, the existing average day water demand at the site was estimated to be 22 gpm, and the proposed average day water demand was calculated to be 116 gpm. This represents a net increase over the existing demand. Cal Water’s 2015 UWMP projects future water demand based on historical growth rates for different land use types, such as single-family and multi-family residential uses, rather than General Plan land use designations. More specifically, 2040 projections in the UWMP for multi-family uses are projected using the 5-year historical growth rate. The proposed project represents multi-family growth that is anticipated regionally, as evidenced by its consistency with the general projections included in the Plan Bay Area. It is reasonable to conclude that the multi-family growth associated with the proposed project is included in the anticipated growth of multi-family. According to the 2015 UWMP, Cal Water anticipates having sufficient water supply during normal conditions, but foresees shortfalls up to 20 percent following one-year or multi-year droughts. However, Cal Water has prepared a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), which includes mandatory restrictions in water use during dry years. As shown in Table 9-6 of the UWMP, the planned implementation of water loss management measures would result in up to 211 AFY of water savings in the year 2020. Therefore, with implementation of the planned water loss management measures and ongoing compliance with the WSCP, Cal Water would have sufficient water supply to serve future demand during dry years. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.12-1(b) and (c) are related to water conservation during design and construction of transportation projects, and would be required by the City of South San Francisco in the project’s conditions of approval, to the extent they are applicable to the improvements at the intersection of Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue/San Mateo Avenue. Based on the discussion above, the project would result in a less-than-significant impact related to water supply. c. The SSFWQCP has the capacity to treat 13 MGD average daily flow, and, according to the SSFWQCP’s website, the average dry weather flow through the facility is 9 MGD. Based on the wastewater generation rates available in the 2017 Municipal Services Assessment, multifamily residential units produce an average of 120 gallons per day per bedroom. Considering the proposed project would include 648 bedrooms, the project would generate approximately 77,760 gallons per day, or 0.077 MGD of wastewater. The SSFWQCP is operating below capacity and can treat an additional 4 MGD. Thus, the SSFWQCP has available treatment capacity to accommodate the proposed project.80 Per the City of South San Francisco design criteria, the sewer pipes are to flow no more than 75 percent full. According to the Technical Memorandum, the proposed sewer flow was calculated to be 254.4 gpm. Based on the initial survey, considering the sewer main 80 City of South San Francisco. Will-Serve Letter for 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave, South San Francisco, CA, Sanitary Sewer and Storm Drainage Service. October 30, 2018. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 224 June 2021 is an eight-inch line, the line would be 75 percent full at 398.1 gpm. Because the project would result in sewer flows less than the 75 percent limit, the existing sewer system has adequate capacity to serve the proposed project. As such, the existing wastewater treatment facility has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand. Thus, the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR and the impact would be less than significant. d,e. The proposed project would likely generate an increased amount of solid waste compared to what is currently generated on-site. Based on the average 2018 citywide solid waste disposal rate of 3.8 pounds per day per resident, the solid waste generation that could be expected from the proposed project would be approximately 4,727.2 pounds per day, or 2.4 tons per day. Considering the Ox Mountain landfill has a permitted throughput of 3,598 tons per day, the waste generated from the project would represent 0.07 percent of the daily throughput capacity. Such an increase is not considered significant, and the landfill would have sufficient capacity. Furthermore, the proposed project would be required to comply with all relevant City regulations regarding solid waste management included in Chapter 8.16 of the City’s Municipal Code, which would ensure that the waste generated on the project site would be served by an adequate waste collection service. Therefore, the proposed project would not generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals and would comply with federal, State, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste. Accordingly, a less-than-significant impact would occur. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings As discussed above, sufficient capacity exists in the water, wastewater, and solid waste utilities to accommodate the project without the need for constructing new or physically expanded facilities. Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.12-1(a) through (c), 2.12-2, 2.12-3(a) and (b), 2.12-4, and 2.12-5 would apply to the proposed project. Considering the project would have access to adequate infrastructure, the intent of the measures has already been fulfilled, with the caveat that 2.12-1(b,c) and 2.12-3(b) pertain to transportation improvements, and would be required by the City of South San Francisco through project conditions of approval for the Airport Boulevard/Produce Avenue/San Mateo Avenue intersection improvements, depending on final design and applicability. New utility improvements and connections would occur within existing rights-of-way, and the project would not be considered to result in any additional environmental impacts related to Utilities and Service Systems. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 225 June 2021 XVI. WILDFIRE. If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project: Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than- Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than- Significant Impact No Impact a. Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?     b. Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?     c. Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment?     d. Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes?     Environmental Setting The City of South San Francisco is not susceptible to particularly high wildfire risk, likely due to the developed and urban nature of the region.81 Pursuant to Chapter 15.24 of the Municipal Code, the City of South San Francisco has adopted the California Fire Code (2019 Edition). Therefore, all developments throughout the City must include standard fire prevention features, such as sprinkler systems, which would help prevent potential damage due to wildfire. Summary of Analysis under the General Plan EIR Impacts associated with wildland fires are discussed under Impact 8.4-b of the General Plan EIR. a-d. The General Plan EIR identifies eight fire management units to categorize the need for fire suppression and regular vegetation maintenance. Under General Plan Policy 8.4-I-1, the City shall institute a comprehensive fire hazard management program to reduce fire hazards to the maximum extent feasible. The General Plan EIR concludes that with implementation of the policies within the General Plan, impacts related to wildfire would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures from the General Plan EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Summary of Analysis under the Plan Bay Area EIR Potential impacts related to wildfire risk are discussed under Impact 2.13-8 of the Plan Bay Area EIR. a-d. Existing state and local regulations, such as the California Fire Code, exist to ensure that hazards related to wildfire would be reduced to the maximum extent feasible. As such, 81 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. San Mateo County Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA. November 24, 2008. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 226 June 2021 land use development and transportation projects implemented under the Plan would result in a less-than-significant impact related to wildfire. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR that Apply to the Proposed Project None. Project-Specific Impact Discussion a-d. According to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) Fire and Resource Assessment Program, the project site is not located within or near a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone.82 In addition, the project site is located within an urbanized area of the City and is bordered by existing development on all sides. To the south, Colma Creek acts as a fire break for the project area. The developed nature of the area surrounding the project site precludes the spread of wildfire to the site. Furthermore, while not located in an area of high wildfire risk, the proposed project would include fire sprinklers, as required by State law. Therefore, the proposed project would not be expected to be subject to or result in substantial adverse effects related to wildfires, and, consistent with the Plan Bay Area EIR, a less-than-significant impact would occur. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings The project site is not located within an area known to be subject to substantial risk of wildfire. In addition, the project is located within an urban area, within the jurisdiction of the local fire department, and would include all applicable fire safety provisions to reduce hazards associated with potential wildfire. Because the project would not impair an adopted emergency response plan, exacerbate wildfire risk, or expose people or structures to significant risks related to fire, the proposed project would not be considered to result in any additional environmental impacts related to Wildfire. 82 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. San Mateo County Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA. November 24, 2008. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 227 June 2021 XVII. MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE. Potentially Significant Impact Less-Than-Significant with Mitigation Incorporated Less-Than-Significant Impact No Impact a. Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory?     b. Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? ("Cumulatively considerable" means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects)?     c. Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly?     Project-Specific Impact Discussion a. As discussed in Section II, Biological Resources, of this SCEA IS, while the potential exists for nesting and migratory birds protected by the MBTA to occur on-site, Mitigation Measures II-1 and II-2 would ensure that impacts to special-status species would be less- than-significant. The project site is currently developed and has been previously disturbed, and does not contain any known historic or prehistoric resources. Thus, implementation of the proposed project is not anticipated to have the potential to result in impacts related to historic or prehistoric resources. Nevertheless, the implementation of Plan Bay Area EIR Mitigation Measures 2.11-2 and 2.11-5 would ensure that in the event that historic or prehistoric resources are discovered within the project site during construction activities, such resources are protected in compliance with the requirements of CEQA. Considering the above, the proposed project would not result in significant impacts associated with the following: 1) degrade the quality of the environment; 2) substantially reduce or impact the habitat of fish or wildlife species; 3) cause fish or wildlife populations to drop below self-sustaining levels; 4) threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community; 5) reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal; or 6) eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory. Therefore, a less-than-significant impact would occur. b, c. The Plan Bay Area was designed to encourage development of the region in a manner that would promote more sustainable community design and reduce regional GHG emissions. Because the proposed project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area, the project would contribute to the cumulative environmental goals of the Plan Bay Area. Additionally, the proposed project was analyzed throughout this SCEA IS for additional environmental impacts that could cause cumulatively considerable impacts or result in adverse effects on human beings. Mitigation Measures from the Plan Bay Area EIR and project-specific measures from this SCEA IS, would reduce all impacts to less-than- significant levels, and ensure that the proposed project would not result in cumulative environmental impacts. Because the project would be consistent with the Plan Bay Area 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 228 June 2021 and would not result in any additional environmental impacts, the project would not be expected to result in a considerable cumulative contribution to impacts on the environment or impacts on human beings. Therefore, with the implementation of mitigation measures discussed throughout this document the project would result in a less-than-significant impact. Project-Specific Mitigation Measures None. Findings As discussed throughout this document, the proposed project would involve the demolition of existing structures and the construction of two new residential structures in central South San Francisco. Infill redevelopment of this nature inherently reduces many potential impacts commonly associated with development. For example, because the site has already been developed with structures and impervious surfaces, and the site provides little habitat value. The increase in density that would result from implementation of the proposed project in close proximity to high quality commuter rail service also encourages the use of non-vehicular modes of transportation, thus reducing VMT and GHG emissions. This SCEA finds that, the proposed project would not result in any significant and unmitigable environmental impacts. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 229 June 2021 H. SOURCES All the technical reports and modeling results prepared for the project analysis are available upon request from the City of South San Francisco Planning Division. The following documents are referenced informational sources used for preparation of this SCEA IS: 1. Bay Area Air Quality Management District. California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines. May 2017. 2. Bay Area Air Quality Management District. California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Update: Proposed Thresholds of Significance. December 7, 2009. 3. Bay Area Air Quality Management District. Planning Healthy Places: A Guidebook for Addressing Local Sources of Air Pollutants in Community Planning. May 2016. 4. Bay Area Air Quality Management District. The San Francisco Community Risk Reduction Plan: Technical Support Documentation. December 2012. 5. BKF Engineers. Technical Memorandum: 124 Airport Boulevard and 100 Produce Avenue Utility Summary. March 30, 2020. 6. BKF Engineers. Technical Memorandum: PS Business Parks – Sea Level Rise Strategy. March 22, 2021. 7. BKF Engineers. Technical Memorandum: Storm Drain Capacity at 124 Airport Boulevard and 100 Produce Avenue. March 3, 2020. 8. California Air Resources Board. 2002-07-29 Asbestos ATCM for Construction, Grading, Quarrying, and Surface Mining Operations. June 3, 2015. Available at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/atcm/asb2atcm.htm. Accessed July 2020. 9. California Air Resources Board. The 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan Update. January 20, 2017. 10. California Department of Conservation. Tsunami Inundation Map for Emergency Planning: State of California, County of San Mateo, San Francisco South Quadrangle. June 15, 2009. 11. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. San Mateo County Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in LRA. November 24, 2008. 12. California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). SWIS Facility Detail: Blue Line MRF and TS (41-AA-0185). Available at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/swfacilities/Directory/41-AA-0185. Accessed July 17, 2020. 13. California Energy Commission. Title 24 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards FAQ. November 2018. 14. California Water Service. Will Serve Letter Tract or Parcel Map No: APN 015-113-180 and 015-113-380, 124 S Airport and 10 Produce Ave, South SF, CA, 94080. October 31, 2018. 15. California Water Service. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan, South San Francisco. June 17, 2016. 16. City of South San Francisco. 2017 OSPS Update Municipal Services Assessment Draft Report. November 2017. 17. City of South San Francisco. Community Choice Energy. Available at: https://www.ssf.net/departments/city-manager/sustainability/community-choice-energy#: 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 230 June 2021 ~:text=South%20San%20Francisco%20has%20joined ,instead%20of%20going%20thro ugh%20PG%26E.. Accessed June 10, 2020. 18. City of South San Francisco. Historic Preservation. Available at: https://www.ssf.net/departments/economic-community-development/planning-division /historic-preservation. Accessed July 10, 2020. 19. City of South San Francisco. Parks and Recreation Master Plan. July 22, 2015. 20. City of South San Francisco. South San Francisco Housing Element 2015-2023. April 2015. 21. City of South San Francisco. Will-Serve Letter for 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave, South San Francisco, CA, Sanitary Sewer and Storm Drainage Service. October 30, 2018. 22. City/County Association of Governments of San Mateo County. Comprehensive Airport Land Use Plan for the Environs of San Francisco International Airport. November 2012. 23. Department of Toxic Substances Control. Hazardous Waste and Substances Site List. Available at: https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/search.asp?cmd=search&report type=CORTESE&site_type=CSITES. Accessed July 14, 2020. 24. Department of Water Resources. Sustainable Groundwater Management Act Basin Prioritization Dashboard. Available at: https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/bp-dashboard/final/. Accessed July 16, 2020. 25. Education Data Partnership. South San Francisco Unified. Available at: http://www.ed- data.org/district/San-Mateo/South-San-Francisco-Unified. Accessed July 16, 2020. 26. ENGEO Incorporated. South San Francisco Business Park Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. October 23, 2018. 27. ENGEO, Incorporated. Hanover – Colma Creek 100 Produce Avenue: Preliminary Geotechnical Report. October 23, 2018. 28. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Flood Insurance Rate Map 06081C0043F. April 5, 2019. 29. Fehr & Peers. 124 Airport / 100 Produce Administrative Draft Transportation Impact Analysis. July 10, 2020. 30. Flores, Areana, Bay Area Air Quality Management District. Personal communication [phone] with Jacob Byrne, Senior Associate/Air Quality Technician, Raney Planning and Management, Inc. September 17, 2019. 31. Flores, Areana, Bay Area Air Quality Management District. Personal communication [phone], Rod Stinson, Division Manager/Air Quality Specialist, Raney Planning & Management. March 10, 2021. 32. Flores, Areana, Bay Area Air Quality Management District. Personal communication [email], Briette Shea, Associate/Air Quality Technician, Raney Planning & Management. February 11, 2021. 33. HortScience and Bartlett Consulting. Tree Inventory Report, Colma Creek, South San Francisco, CA. December 18, 2018. 34. Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Plan Bay Area 2040 EIR. 35. M.S. Zuraimi and Zhongchao Tan. Impact of residential building regulations on reducing indoor exposures to outdoor PM2.5 in Toronto. March 14, 2015. 124 Airport Blvd/100 Produce Ave Residential Project Sustainable Communities Environmental Assessment Initial Study Page 231 June 2021 36. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments. February 2015. 37. Patricia Holroyd, Ph.D., Senior Museum Scientist at UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology. Personal Communication [email] with Briette Shea, Associate/Air Quality Technician at Raney Planning & Management, Inc. March 18, 2021. 38. Regional Water System. South Westside Basin Groundwater Management Plan. July 2012. 39. RGD Acoustics. Draft Technical Noise Study for: PS Business Parks. July 17, 2020. 40. San Mateo Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program. C.3 Regulated Projects Guide, Version 1.0. January 2020. 41. San Mateo Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program. C.3 Stormwater Technical Guidance: Version 3.2. January 4, 2013. 42. San Mateo Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program. Hydromodification Management Requirements: Information for Developers, Builders and Project Applicants. July 2016. 43. South San Francisco Historic Preservation Program. South San Francisco Historic Sites. Available at: https://www.ssf.net/home/showdocument?id=1800. Accessed July 10, 2020. 44. South San Francisco. South San Francisco General Plan Update Draft Environmental Impact Report. June 1999. 45. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Protect Your Family from Exposures to Lead. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/lead/protect-your-family-exposures-lead#:~:text= If%20your%20home%20was%20built ,common%20causes%20of%20lead%20poison ing. Accessed July 14, 2020. 46. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): What is a MERV rating? Available at: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/what-merv-rating-1. Accessed March 2021. 47. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. User’s Guide for the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD). December 2016. 48. W.J. Fisk and W. R. Chan. Effectiveness and cost of reducing particle-related mortality with particle filtration. February 1, 2017. APPENDIX A AIR QUALITY AND GHG MODELING RESULTS APPENDIX B HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT MODELING RESULTS APPENDIX C CAP DEVELOPMENT REVIEW CHECKLIST APPENDIX D GEOTECHNICAL REPORT APPENDIX E PHASE I ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT APPENDIX F TECHNICAL NOISE STUDY APPENDIX G TRANSPORTATION STUDY APPENDIX H TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM