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CITY OF SOUTH SAN FRANCISCOLINDENVILLE SPECIFIC PLANFinal Draft
City CouncilFlor Nicolas, MayorMark Nagales, Vice MayorMark Addiego, CouncilmemberJames Coleman, CouncilmemberEddie Flores, CouncilmemberPlanning CommissionAlex Tzang, ChairNorm Faria, Vice-ChairJohn Baker Michelle EvansSarah Funes-OzturkAysha PamukcuSam ShihadehCity StaffTony Rozzi, Economic & Community Development Deputy Director Billy Gross, Principal PlannerLisa Costa Sanders, Project AdministratorSharon Ranals, City ManagerChristina Fernandez, Chief Sustainability OfficerNell Selander, Economic & Community Development DirectorJess Magallanes, Fire ChiefValerie Sommer, Library DirectorGreg Mediati, Parks & Recreation DirectorScott Campbell, Police ChiefEunejune Kim, Public Works DirectorTechnical Working GroupDave BockhausAngela DuldulaoJason HallareIan HardageEli KaplanEunejune KimGreg MediatiEthan MizziErin O’BrienAudrey ParkMatthew RubleBrian SchumackerNell SelanderNicholas TalbotSusan TamMillie TollesonMike ToscanoMakena WongConsultant TeamRAIMI + ASSOCIATESSERA ARCHITECTSFEHR & PEERSSHERWOOD DESIGN ENGINEERSSTRATEGIC ECONOMICSDAVID J POWERS & ASSOCIATESLOTUS WATERPLAN TO PLACEACKNOWLEDGEMENTS,9
CHAPTER 1 1IntroductionCHAPTER 2 15Vision for Lindenville and How We Will Achieve ItCHAPTER 3 27Land Use and HousingCHAPTER 4 65Development StandardsCHAPTER 5 87Parks and Open SpaceCHAPTER 6 127MobilityCHAPTER 7 145InfrastructureCHAPTER 8 163ImplementationGLOSSARY A-1TABLE OF CONTENTS,1752'8&7,219
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INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The regional setting and history of Lindenville help tell the story of the plan area today and set the stage for the future. 1..1 ABOUT LINDENVILLE 1.2 SPECIFIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT 1.3 PLAN OVERVIEW 1.4 PLAN STRUCTURE
2 CHAPTER 1 1.1 ABOUT LINDENVILLE Plan Area and Regional Location The Lindenville Specific Plan Area is an approximately 400-acre area located in the southern portion of the City of South San Francisco. As shown in Figure 2, Lindenville is bounded by U.S. Highway 101 (US-101) to the east, the City of San Bruno and Centennial Way Trail to the south, Fir Avenue and Magnolia Avenue to the west, and Railroad Avenue to the north. Colma Creek runs through the northern portion of the Plan Area en route from San Bruno Mountain to the San Francisco Bay. Lindenville has historically served as the industrial heart of South San Francisco, supporting light industrial, manufacturing, and service and repair businesses, all of which contribute to the city’s legacy as “The Industrial City.” Lindenville is south of the Downtown neighborhood, which is home to many of the City’s administrative offices, locally-owned shops and businesses, and cultural institutions. Lindenville is west of the East of 101 neighborhood, which is home to a biotech and research & development (R&D) employment hub with over 200 biotech companies in its northern section and the other industrial hub of the city in its southern section. South Spruce Avenue and South Linden Avenue are the primary street corridors that connect Lindenville to Downtown and to the City of San Bruno to the south. Centennial Way Trail follows the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) path, connecting the South San Francisco and San Bruno Stations (both adjacent to the specific plan area) to create a pedestrian and bicyclist connection between the southwestern portion of Lindenville to the western neighborhoods of the city. Bus service is provided by San Mateo County Transit District (SamTrans), connecting Lindenville to the rest of the city and County, and to the San Bruno and South San Francisco BART stations located outside of the Plan Area. The Caltrain commuter rail services further connect the city to the San Francisco Peninsula to the north and Santa Clara County to the south. In addition to US-101, Lindenville is in close proximity to California State Route 82 (SR- 82 or El Camino Real), Interstate 380 (I-380), and Interstate 280 (I-280). These multi-modal connections also extend to the San Francisco International Airport (SFO), which lies four miles south of the city and is accessible by driving and public transportation. South San Francisco’s regional context is shown in Figure 1. The South San Francisco 2040 General Plan identifies Lindenville as a sub-area of the city and includes policies and actions for the development of the sub-area. Figure 1: Lindenville Regional Context
INTRODUCTION 3 Figure 2: Lindenville Plan Area
4 CHAPTER 1 Historical Context The land now known as South San Francisco was inhabited by the Ramaytush Ohlone people, specifically the Urebure Tribe who lived at the base of San Bruno Mountain until the late eighteenth century, when Spanish settlers moved into their land.1,2 During the 1800s, the area was owned by the Mexican government, then divided into ranches mostly used for cattle grazing, dairy operations, stockyards, and packing plants. In 1890, the South San Francisco Land and Improvement Company acquired land in the area to develop a town next to the packing plants. With the completion of the Southern Pacific Railroad between San Francisco and San Jose in 1907, South San Francisco’s convenient transportation access made it a prime location for industrial uses, including steel manufacturing. The City of South San Francisco incorporated in 1908, with industrial uses located to the east of the Southern Pacific Railroad and residences to the west in a grid pattern in the Downtown area. Around this time, Colma Creek still supported wildlife, recreational uses, and movement through South San Francisco. 1 "History of South San Francisco,” City of South San Francisco, 2019, http://www.ssf.net/home/showdocument?id=128. 2 “The Ramaytush Ohlone,” The Association of Ramaytush Ohlone, 2021, https://www.ramaytush.org/ramaytush-ohlone.html. 3 The Making of ‘The Industrial City,’” Historical Society of South San Francisco, https://ssfhistory.org/city-history. During the first half of the twentieth century, steel manufacturers, shipbuilders, lumber companies, and other industries began to call South San Francisco home. Most factories and industrial buildings during this time were located in the area east of San Bruno Road (now US-101), with some companies establishing manufacturing buildings in Lindenville, such as Morrill Ink and South City Lumber.3 Population boomed during the first and second World Wars. During World War II, Bethlehem Steel and other military contractors had nearly 10,000 workers at their plants and factories in South San Francisco. The U.S. Government constructed emergency housing for Federal wartime defense workers in Lindenville in 1942, specifically on the land between what is now Victory Avenue and Railroad Avenue. At its peak, this site had 720 units housing over 4,000 people.4 These homes were constructed so cheaply and poorly that they were abandoned in 1957 and later demolished.5 These parcels were replaced with industrial uses in the 1960s, and no residential uses have been allowed or developed in Lindenville since. 4 “Lindenville,” City of South San Francisco, https://www.ssf.net/home/showpublisheddocument/5462/636466152034700000. 5 “Lindenville Ends in a Burst of Profit,” San Francisco Chronicle, 1957, https://sfchronicle.newsbank.com/search?text=lindenville&content_added=&date_from=&date_to=&pub%5B0%5D=142051F45F422A02.
INTRODUCTION 5Trends and ChallengesThe San Francisco Bay Area region has undergone significant change in the last few decades, with many cities like South San Francisco seeing shifting demands for industrial space, increased demand for affordable and transit-oriented housing, and recognizing the need to prepare for environmental challenges. Fluctuations in the Bay Area’s traditional industrial sector have resulted from a multitude of factors, such as a reduction in available industrial land, shifts in production processes, aging infrastructure, and the repurposing of industrial sites for other uses. South San Francisco’s economy is anchored by a thriving biotech community, and employment growth in the city has been primarily driven by jobs in biotechnology and logistics businesses, mostly located in the East of US-101 sub-area. Lindenville is primarily made up of industrial space, representing 40% of the citywide industrial inventory and 15% of all industrial space in San Mateo County. There is a strong demand for industrial space throughout San Mateo County, but businesses are competing for a shrinking supply of space as industrial properties are redeveloped for office, life science, and residential uses. Housing demand and population demographics have also shifted, as the extraordinary demand across the region for housing has been exacerbated by rising costs in new home construction, higher land prices, steep escalations in housing cost in the rental and buyers’ market alike, and population growth. South San Francisco has historically provided relatively affordable housing and a diverse mix of housing for its residents. Although housing costs in South San Francisco are lower than San Mateo County overall, apartment rents and home sales prices are rapidly increasing in the city and County. The City is considering a broad range of possible solutions to address the issues of housing production and affordability, in addition to identifying areas that are appropriate for future housing development. The General Plan identifies Lindenville as an opportunity area to introduce new residential uses that can help meet local and regional housing goals. Likewise, there is a regional push to locate higher-density housing near public transportation and in walkable, mixed use neighborhoods. These transit-orientated communities (TOCs) bring high-quality transit together with development, affordable housing, open space, and mobility choices. Development of housing in Lindenville is a great opportunity, but also presents significant challenges, including connectivity to existing and future mobility networks; resident access to open spaces, everyday needs, and public services; and land use compatibility with industrial uses.Climate change, including sea level rise and extreme heat are being felt in the Bay Area. Sea level rise and storm flooding through the Navigable Slough and Colma Creek are potential threats to all types of existing and future uses in these areas. The potential threats of rising tides and stormwater runoff are further exacerbated by the conditions of existing infrastructure and the large areas of impervious surfaces in this area. There are opportunities to plan for a resilient Lindenville. Implementing strategies such as stormwater infrastructure improvements, natural habitat restoration along Colma Creek, and an expanded urban tree canopy are key to mitigating the impacts of climate change and improving the area’s resilience to the variety of extreme and hazardous weather conditions expected to impact South San Francisco.
6 CHAPTER 1 1.2 SPECIFIC PLAN DEVELOPMENT The impetus behind the Lindenville Specific Plan began with the 2040 General Plan Update. The General Plan Update envisioned significant change in Lindenville, including introducing residential, mixed use, and high-density employment land uses in the Plan Area. As a part of the General Plan Update community engagement process, City staff heard the desire from the community to preserve small businesses and industrial uses but also to provide opportunities for arts and the creative economy to grow in South San Francisco. In 2022, the City received a grant from the Metropolitan Transportation Commission/Association of Bay Area Governments (MTC / ABAG) and the State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) to evaluate expanding the successful Downtown Station Area Specific Plan Priority Development Area (south of the existing downtown area) into Lindenville and provide opportunities for new housing development. This empowered the City of South San Francisco to embark on developing a Specific Plan for Lindenville following the adoption of the General Plan in late 2022. The Specific Plan will implement the vision of the General Plan by creating specific directives, strategies, and standards that aim to develop Lindenville into a resilient and walkable mixed use district. Planning Process The development of the Lindenville Specific Plan occurred in four stages that began in 2022. x PProject Initiation. In this initial phase, the planning team analyzed the existing conditions of Lindenville to understand the key issues, opportunities, and emerging trends of the Plan Area. This phase included a series of community outreach events where the team shared background information and gathered feedback on community priorities related to Lindenville. x Land Use Alternatives. To compare distinct approaches for accommodating new residential and mixed uses while still supporting Lindenville’s current uses, different land use, mobility, open space, and urban design alternatives were prepared. Public feedback on the alternatives was gathered through workshops and a series of City Council, committee, and commission meetings, and this led to the development of a preferred land use plan in Winter 2023. x Development of Preferred Plan, Technical Analysis, and Policies. The technical analysis of the preferred plan covered a range of study areas, such as sea level rise, traffic, health, and economic impacts in Lindenville. Likewise, the goals, policies, and development standards in the Draft Specific Plan built off of the community input heard throughout the planning process and the technical analysis. x Plan Release and Adoption. The last phase of the planning process includes the release of the Public Review Draft of the Specific Plan for City Council, Planning Commission, and community review. The Plan will be presented at commission meetings and community workshops before the final plan goes before City Council for adoption.
INTRODUCTION 7 Community EngagementThroughout the Specific Plan process, the planning team conducted a variety of engagement activities that included public workshops, pop-up events, stakeholder interviews, and Council, committee, and commission meetings. In order to hear from community members, stakeholders, and businesses of different backgrounds, the planning team used a variety of engagement platforms throughout the planning process. Both in-person and virtual events and meetings were organized, and interactive surveys and features of the project website were used. Whenever possible, meetings and materials were available in a bilingual (Spanish/ English) format.PROJECT WEBSITEThe ShapeSSF website houses the interactive and digital version of the recently adopted South San Francisco General Plan and was used to support the development of the Lindenville Specific Plan. Used throughout the engagement process, the project website connected community members to project updates, upcoming events, project documents and media, and online surveys. COMMUNITY WORKSHOPS AND POP-UPSInteractive workshops and events were held in-person and virtually, and they were planned around key phases of the planning process. In Fall 2022, the first virtual workshop provided a reintroduction of the vision for Lindenville developed through the General Plan Update, in addition to inviting participants to share their priorities and ideas for the area. In-person workshops were held in 2023 and provided opportunities for the public to respond to the land use alternatives and the public draft plan. Throughout the process, “pop-up” workshops were held at popular locations and well-attended events in Lindenville in order to meet with community members at convenient times and locations. Lindenville Specific Plan on ShapeSSF.comPop-up at the South San Francisco Concert in the Park
8 CHAPTER 1 ONLINE SURVEYS Community surveys were conducted in most phases of the planning process, either as live polling questions in workshops or through the project website. The initial online survey (available on the website from September to October 2022 and in English and Spanish) gathered community feedback on the guiding priorities for the plan, where they desire change and improvement, and what type of changes they would like to see. The land use alternatives survey (available on the website from December 2022 to February 2023 and in English and Spanish) asked the public to review and provide feedback on three land use alternatives and the various “kit of parts” elements that make up each alternative. TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP The City formed a Technical Working Group (TWG) to receive high-level feedback on the Plan’s key topics. The Technical Working Group was made up of representatives from various City departments, other local agencies, such as San Mateo County Flood & Sea Level Rise Resiliency District (One Shoreline), San Francisco International Airport (SFO), Metropolitan Transportation Commission and Association of Bay Area Governments (MTC/ABAG), and SamTrans. The planning team met with the TWG six times to receive feedback on plan concepts related to land use, mobility, open space, utilities and infrastructure, and economic development. STAKEHOLDER MEETINGS AND OFFICE HOURS Meetings were held with various property owners, business leaders, developers, and community members to identify key issues, opportunities, and constraints in Lindenville. The listening sessions also inform the project direction and engagement strategies to strengthen relationships with stakeholders and community members. Listening sessions were held in July 2022, December 2022, and May 2023 with local stakeholders. In addition, City staff hosted open office hours in December 2022 to meet with community members and provide information about the project. BOARD AND COMMISSION MEETINGS The planning team attended City board and commission meetings to provide updates on the project and gather input. The planning team presented the Draft Land Use Alternatives and/or the Specific Plan Public Review Draft to the Parks and Recreation Commission, Cultural Arts Commission, Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Committee, the Youth Commission, Commission on Racial and Social Equity, and the Colma Creek Citizens Advisory Committee. CITY COUNCIL AND PLANNING COMMISSION UPDATES The planning team presented to City Council and Planning Commission and received direction on key phases of the project. The planning team presented the Draft Land Use Alternatives to Planning Commission and City Council, with City Council providing input as to their preferred land use direction. The Draft Preferred Plan and the Specific Plan Public Review Draft were also presented to City Council and Planning Commission.
INTRODUCTION 9 1.3 PLAN OVERVIEWRegulatory Compliance and AuthorityThe Lindenville Specific Plan has been prepared in compliance with the South San Francisco General Plan, City ordinances, and regulations, and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The Specific Plan guides land use and development decision-making processes for the area. The Specific Plan does not replace or augment building safety codes or other non-planning related codes. All applications for new construction, substantial modifications or improvements to existing buildings, and changes in land use shall be reviewed for conformance with this Specific Plan. This Specific Plan is further authorized through California Government Code Sections 65450 through 65457, which allows the City of South San Francisco to prepare a specific plan for the purpose of implementing the city-wide general plan within a defined area. An Addendum to the City of South San Francisco’s Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for the updated General Plan and Zoning Code was prepared that includes updates based on the Lindenville Specific Plan.Existing and previously entitled developments may have their own approvals and requirements, which may supersede the requirements in this plan, unless additional approvals are required or entitlements have expired. Relationship to General PlanLindenville was identified as a sub-area in the General Plan’s Sub-Areas Element, which details a vision, goals, and a range of policies and implementation actions related to housing, employment, connectivity, and open space for Lindenville (see Figure 3). The Lindenville Specific Plan will be the guiding document to help realize the General Plan's vision for the area as a mixed use neighborhood, employment hub, and cultural center of South San Francisco. The General Plan will be updated as a result of some of the changes proposed in this Specific Plan, so that all City plans are consistent with one another and work together to further City goals. Figure 3:General Plan Lindenville Sub-Area
10 CHAPTER 1Relationship to Other City PlansSOUTHLINE SPECIFIC PLANThe Southline development in southern Lindenville is guided by the Southline Specific Plan, which sets standards and requirements for the development of office space, open space, and a new street connection within the Southline Plan Area. Though Southline is physically located within the Lindenville sub-area, the standards of the Lindenville Specific Plan will not apply to the Southline Specific Plan. CLIMATE ACTION PLANThe City’s Climate Action Plan, updated in 2022, contains strategies and actions to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045 by increasing waste diversion, reducing energy and water use, and increasing resiliency across multiple sectors. It also sets out to create a more sustainable community, to equitably mitigate and address the impacts of climate change, and to realize the co-benefits of climate mitigation actions. PUBLIC ART MASTER PLANThe City’s Public Art Master Plan (Master Plan) will guide the development of new cultural arts programming, the future of art in public places, and creation of an arts district in Lindenville. The Master Plan identifies a vision, goals, and recommendations for the City to enhance and support the artists working in, and the creative endeavors happening in, South San Francisco. The team provided feedback on the creative community’s needs from a future arts district in Lindenville such as: affordable live/workspaces for creative entrepreneurs; activated ground floors that allow exhibition venues, performance spaces, workshops, and classrooms; partnerships between the City, developers, and arts groups to encourage public art. Source: Lane Partners
INTRODUCTION 11 PARKS & RECREATION MASTER PLANAdopted in 2015, the South San Francisco Parks & Recreation Master Plan has a long-term vision, goals & recommendations, and an implementation framework for improving and maintaining the City’s park system. The proposed park and open space network identifies a potential linear park in Lindenville, a rails-to-trails conversion spanning from South Maple Avenue to South Canal Street. The Parks and Open Space Chapter of the Specific Plan expands on the park typologies and recommendations presented in the Master Plan. URBAN FOREST MASTER PLANAdopted in 2020, the Urban Forest Master Plan guides the management, enhancement, and growth of South San Francisco’s urban forest and the community tree resource. The plan includes short-term actions and long-term goals that aim to recognize the best management practices that promote tree health and community safety, increase the health and resiliency of the urban forest, and expand the capacity of City departments that manage the urban forest.URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANThe Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) for the South San Francisco Districtwas published by the California Water Service in 2021. The UWMP is a foundational document and source of information about the City’s water supply and reliability, projected water demands, potential vulnerabilities, and demand management programs.RESILIENT SOUTH CITYResilient South City is a community-based proposal to create more public green space and continuous public access along Colma Creek. It strives to reduce the impacts of flooding, mitigate against sea-level rise vulnerability, restore native flora and fauna, and create more amenities and healthy lifestyle opportunities by connecting a public corridor from Orange Memorial Park to a new public park at the shoreline. Lindenville is situated between these destinations, with interventions such as new shared trails, expanded marshland, and reconfigured streets proposed at Colma Creek intersections in Lindenville. COLMA CREEK RESTORATION & ADAPTATION PROJECTThe Colma Creek Restoration & Adaptation Project builds on the Resilient South City visioning work by proposing engineering and design plans to reshape the banks of Colma Creek to restore and expand tidal marshes and habitats. Additionally, the restoration project will provide flood mitigation benefits and expanded recreational opportunities along the Lindenville portions of Colma Creek. The restoration concepts detailed in this project have been carried forth and expanded upon in the Parks and Open Space chapter of the Specific Plan.Source: Hassell Studio
12 CHAPTER 1ACTIVE SOUTH CITYActive South City is an update to the City’s Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan. The plan lays out project and program recommendations meant to increase the safety and comfort of people bicycling and walking in South San Francisco. Within Lindenville(see Figure 4), Active South City proposes the addition of dedicated bike lanes and a shared-use path to improve the connectivity of the neighborhoodto Downtown and San Bruno BART. The plan’s goals, policies, and proposed improvements are carried forth in the Mobility chapter of the Specific Plan.Regional Plans and PoliciesPLAN BAY AREA 2050Adopted in 2021, Plan Bay Area 2050 is a regional plan that aims to integrate sustainable land use, housing, and transportation strategies within the nine-counties of the San Francisco Bay Area. South San Francisco was identified as a Priority Development Area (PDA), defined as: places near public transit plannedfor new homes, jobs, and community amenities. Key benefits available to PDA areas are CEQA streamlining and access to a variety of federal, State, and regional funding sources.MTC TRANSIT-ORIENTED COMMUNITIES (TOC)MTC’s regional TOC Policy seeks to support transit investments by creating communities around transit stations and along transit corridors that not only support transit ridership, but that are places where Bay Area residents of all abilities, income levels, and racial and ethnic backgrounds canlive, work and access services, such as education, childcare, and healthcare. The Policy applies to areas within one half-mile of the South San Francisco and San Bruno BART and Caltrain stations and consists of four elements: 1) minimum required densities; 2) housing policies; 3) parking management; and 4) transit station access and circulation.AIRPORT LAND USE COMPATIBILITY PLAN SFO’s ALUCP was prepared by the City/County Association of Governments of San Mateo County (C/CAG), the airport land use commission for SFO, and adopted in 2012. State law requires airport land use commissions to prepare and adopt an ALUCP for each public use and military use within their jurisdiction. The SFO ALUCP provides standards, criteria, and policies on which the compatibility of proposed local agency land use policy actions are determined. It also establishes boundaries for SFO that define safety, airspace protection, and noise areas for policy implementation.Source: Active South City PlanFigure 4: Recommended Bikeways, Active South City Plan
INTRODUCTION 13 1.4 PLAN STRUCTURE The Lindenville Specific Plan is divided into the following chapters. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This Chapter provides an overview of Lindenville, its existing conditions, and the development of the Specific Plan. CHAPTER 2: VISION FOR LINDENVILLE AND HOW WE WILL ACHIEVE IT This Chapter lays out the Specific Plan’s framework and strategies to realize the General Plan’s Vision for Lindenville. CHAPTER 3: LAND USE AND HOUSING This Chapter defines the land use districts within Lindenville, in addition to the land use standards, the transfer of development rights, and the housing program. CHAPTER 4: DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS This Chapter includes standards to regulate site and building design and development. It establishes block standards, site design and lot standards, height, massing, building frontage design, building placement, and other aspects of architecture. Standards are requirements that must be adhered to for all development. CHAPTER 5: PARKS AND OPEN SPACE The Parks and Open Space Chapter describes the goals, policies, standards, and guidelines to create an inclusive open space network in Lindenville that provides more recreational opportunities for residents, workers, and visitors while contributing to the area’s blue-green infrastructure system. CHAPTER 6: MOBILITY The Mobility Chapter establishes multimodal strategies and areawide policy to redesign Lindenville around a layered transportation network. The Chapter defines a complete streets typology and network, and contains standards for designing new streets, parking, and Transportation Demand Management strategies. CHAPTER 7: INFRASTRUCTURE The Infrastructure Chapter guides future investment in stormwater, water, sanitary sewer, and other infrastructure projects. CHAPTER 8: IMPLEMENTATION The Implementation Chapter includes capital improvement projects, funding and financing strategies, and a list of implementation actions to realize the Specific Plan vision. It assigns a timeline, responsible department, and funding source to each implementation action.
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The purpose of the landscape design standards and guidelines is to create ecologically beneficial and resilient landscapes. Plant selection shall focus on native and climate-adapted species that require minimal water use and maintenance. Other factors that may influence plant selection include aesthetics, cultural significance, and habitat value. The standards and guidelines below apply to new construction and landscape renovations of both public and private developments.2.be prioritized..Invasive species
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GLOSSARY
A-2 GLOSSARY # 100-year storm: A "100-year storm" is used to define a rainfall event that statistically has this same 1-percent chance of occurring. 500-year storm: A "500-year storm" is used to define a rainfall event that has a 0.2-percent chance (or 1 in 500 chance) of occurring in a given year A Active transportation: This is a non-motorized form of transportation, primarily made up of walking and bicycling. Adaptation: Adaptation is an adjustment in natural or human systems to a new or changing environment Adaptive reuse: The process of reusing and renovating an existing building for a use different from the original use it was built for. Affordability: Affordability refers to a household’s ability to pay for housing costs, where housing is commonly understood to be affordable if households are paying less than 30% of their income towards housing costs Albedo: A measure of a surface’s reflectivity of solar radiation, where a lower albedo reflects less light and absorbs more heat, and a higher albedo reflects more light and absorbs less heat. It is usually measured as a three-year aged solar reflectance (SR) value or as a solar reflectance index (SRI) value. Anti-displacement: Strategies to reduce and stop the number of low-income residents who are forced to move out of rental housing units or cannot move into certain neighborhoods due to economic or physical barriers. Aquifer: A saturated area below the water table that stores water underground. B Best Management Practices (BMP): Methods used to prevent or reduce non-point source pollution that may affect water quality. Biodiversity: The biological variety of life in an ecosystem. Bioswales: Channels designed to receive rainwater runoff and has vegetation to capture water and remove pollutants before releasing to a storm sewer. Bioswales can also be designed for water to infiltrate and recharge groundwater. Bird safe design: Design choices that minimize the adverse effects of new development & construction on native and migratory birds.
GLOSSARY A-3 C Carbon neutrality: The balance between carbon emissions and carbon absorption from the atmosphere. Climate change: Climate change refers to changes in the average and/or the variability of temperature, rainfall, and extreme weather that persist for an extended period. Commercial linkage fees: Fees charged by the City to the developers of new commercial properties and used to develop affordable housing. Community benefits: Programs or activities developers contribute to the City that furthers community goals and amenities, such as parks and public spaces, affordable housing, and other community-serving amenities. Community resilience: The ability of a group to prepare for, withstand, adapt, and recover from disruptions or harmful situations. Complete neighborhoods: Neighborhoods where residents can reach community amenities (e.g., grocery stores and retail), transit, public facilities (e.g., parks and community centers) and services (e.g., health care and affordable childcare) within a 20-minute walk. Complete streets: A transportation strategy where streets are designed and operated to be safe and accessible to all people. This involves infrastructure improvements to public transportation networks, sidewalks and trails, and bicycle networks, while also prioritizing historically disadvantaged communities. Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL): The average sound level in a 24-hour period derived from a variety of single-noise events, with weighting factors of 5 and 10 dBA applied to the evening (7 PM to 10 PM) and nighttime (10 PM to 7 AM) periods, respectively, to allow for the greater sensitivity to noise during these hours. Creative economy: "An economic sector that involves careers and activities at the intersection of arts, culture, and technology. The creative economy is made up of the businesses and individuals involved in producing cultural, artistic, and design goods and services, as well as supportive organizations that provide artistic venues, education, and funding." D Dark sky best practices: Outdoor lighting strategies that reduce light pollution by minimizing glare, light trespass, and skyglow into the night sky. Decarbonized buildings: New or existing buildings that reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced through the implementation of efficiency upgrades. This includes eliminating the use of fossil fuels within the building and can go as far as eliminating fossil fuels from the energy used to electrify the building. Decibel (dB): A unit used to express the relative intensity of a sound as it is heard by the human ear. The lowest volume a normal ear can detect under laboratory conditions is 0 dB, the threshold of human hearing. Since the decibel scale is logarithmic, 10 decibels are ten times more intense, and 20 decibels are a hundred times more intense, than 1 dB. Decibels A (dBA): The “A-weighted” scale for measuring sound in decibels, which weighs or reduces the effects of low and high frequencies in order to simulate human hearing. Every increase of 10 dBA doubles the perceived loudness even though the noise is actually ten times more intense. Deed-restricted affordable housing: Housing units that have a restriction in the building deed that limits the rent or purchase price of the unit and requires the unit to be occupied by low income households for a certain period of time.
A-4 GLOSSARY Density bonus incentive: This incentive-tool allows qualifying developers to increase their development in allowed dwelling units per acre, floor area ratio, or height, typically in exchange for community benefits in the form of funding or in-kind support. Development standards: Conditions for development that regulate site and building design and development, such as block standards, site design and lot standards, height, massing, building frontage design, building placement, and other aspects of architecture. Disadvantaged Communities: A disadvantaged community is defined as “a low-income area that is disproportionately affected by environmental pollution and other hazards that can lead to negative health effects, exposure, or environmental degradation.” Disaster: A natural, technological, or human-caused event that results in deaths, injuries, property damage/loss, and/ or destruction resulting in serious disruptions and that exceeds the ability of local authorities to cope without outside assistance. Displacement: Displacement is the process through which households and businesses are forced to leave their residence and/ or place of business in response to the economic and social pressures of gentrification. Distributed Energy Resources (DERs): These resources are small, modular energy generation and storage systems that provide electricity or energy and can be connected or independent from the larger electrical power grid. Distributional equity: Strategies to fairly distribute resources, benefits, and burdens. Prioritize resources for communities that experience the greatest inequities, disproportionate impacts, and have the greatest unmet needs. Dwelling units per acre (du/ac): The number of dwelling units allowed on one acre of land. Often used by cities to regulate allowed residential density. E Ecosystem: The collection of organisms and the natural elements with which they interact. Environmental Justice: Environmental justice is defined in California’s Government Code (Section 65040.12(e)) as “the fair treatment of people of all races, cultures, and incomes with respect to the development, adoption, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.” Existing Building Electrification Plan: A strategy to electrify and eliminate natural gas use from existing buildings.
GLOSSARY A-5 F Façade articulation: A design technique used to show how various pieces of a building’s facade come together and are divided into different sections. First-last mile connections: The beginning or end of an individual’s trip made with public transportation that requires the individual to travel between their origin and first public transportation mode, and between the last public transportation mode and their final destination. The gap between public transit and the final destination can be bridged by private shuttles, walking, biking, or other methods. Floor Area Ratio (FAR): The development intensity of buildings can be measured through floor area ratio (FAR), which divides gross building area by lot area. A higher FAR indicates greater development intensity, or greater building height and/or lot coverage. Form-based zoning: A type of zoning code that establishes standards for the physical form of buildings instead of solely regulating land use and development through the separation of uses. Form-based codes can regulate the façade, form, and mass of buildings and their relation to each other and to the public realm. G Gentrification: Gentrification is the process of change that neighborhoods experience when they begin to attract new private and public investments. Graywater: The water generated from buildings that is not contaminated (e.g., sinks, dishwashers). Graywater systems This system collects domestic, uncontaminated wastewater and reuses it for irrigation or toilet flushing. Sources of graywater include sinks, showers, washing machines, and dishwashers. Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI): This type of infrastructure uses permeable surfaces, vegetation, stormwater harvest systems, and landscaping to capture and filter urban stormwater runoff before it infiltrates into the ground or is released to the sewer system or surface water sources. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: These are gases within the atmosphere that accelerate the warming of the Earth and are released from human activities that burn fossil fuels or from historic carbon sinks, such as melting permafrost. H Hazard: It is something that is potentially dangerous or harmful. Hazard mitigation Any action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from hazards Health in All Policies: “Health in All Policies (HiAP) is a collaborative approach to improving the health of all people by incorporating health, equity, and sustainability considerations into decision-making across sectors and policy areas.” HiAP recognizes that health is influenced by many factors beyond healthcare and, in many cases, beyond the scope of traditional public health activities. Healthy Communities: Healthy communities are places that foster positive health outcomes for all who live, work, and play in them. Good nutrition, physical activity, and access to healthcare all influence health. However, health is also influenced by many other factors, including access to economic opportunities, safe and sanitary housing, high-quality education, and low exposure to pollution.
A-6 GLOSSARY I Impact Fee: A fee charged to a developer by the City according to the proposed development project, typically by number of units, square footage or acreage. The fee is often used for City services and infrastructure development such as schools, roads, police and fire services, and parks. Impervious: An impervious surface does not allow for the infiltration of liquids. Impervious materials include concrete, brick, and stone. Inclusionary housing: Policies that require developers to include affordable housing in new developments. Infill: A pattern of construction that builds on unused or underutilized parcels within an area that has preexisting development. Invasive plants: These plants are non-native to the ecosystem being examined, can spread quickly, and are likely to cause harm to the ecosystem's native plant species. L LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green building rating system is used to evaluate the sustainable design strategies of new construction and retrofitted projects. Low Impact Development (LID): A stormwater management practice that uses design strategies to store, detain, filter, and infiltrate a site’s stormwater. Strategies can include the installation of cisterns, rain gardens, permeable pavements, and more. M Maximum Residential Density: Maximum density (dwelling units per acres and FAR) for new residential development without the State Density Bonus. Minimum Residential Density: Minimum density (dwelling units per acres and FAR) for new residential development. Mixed use: Mixed use is used to describe both an area with varying uses adjacent to one another (horizontal mixed use) and a parcel that has a diversity of uses (vertical mixed use). Mobility: The movement from one place to another through one or more modes of transportation. Mobility hubs: Places where different travel networks (including walking, biking, transit, and shared mobility) meet and provide convenient connections to destinations. Multimodal: Having different types of travel options within a transportation network.
GLOSSARY A-7 N Native plants: These plants have adapted to their ecosystem or region over hundreds of years and have a symbiotic relationship with other native wildlife. Naturally-Occurring Affordable Housing (NOAH): Existing residential units that have maintained affordable costs for middle to lower income households. Noise contour: A line connecting points of equal noise level as measured on the same scale. Noise levels greater than the 60 Ldn contour (measured in dBA) require noise attenuation in residential development. P Passive solar shading: Exterior window shading that is designed to mitigate sunlight before entering a building. This design method uses sunshades and vertical fins to reduce the amount of heat and light entering through a window at certain times during the year. Potable water: Drinking water that is safe to drink or use in the preparation of food. R Reach code: A local building energy code that sets targets beyond the state requirements for energy use or energy efficiency. Regional Housing Need Allocations (RHNA): A projection of the total amount of housing units needed over time to accommodate households at different income levels within a city, county, or region. Research and Development (R&D): Innovative activities that work towards the development of new - and improvement of existing - products, processes, and services. Resilience: Resilience is the ability of an individual, a community, an organization, or a natural system to prepare for disruptions, to adapt to changing conditions, withstand and rapidly recover from shocks and stresses, and to adapt and grow from a disruptive experience. Risk: The potential for an adverse outcome assessed as a function of hazards/threats, assets and their vulnerabilities, and consequences. S Safety countermeasures: Actions meant to prevent collisions and injuries on transportation networks. Sea level rise: The increase in the level of the ocean due to the effects of global warming, such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets. Sensitive receptors: Locations where occupants are more sensitive to noise such as residential areas, hospitals, convalescent homes and facilities, and schools.
A-8 GLOSSARY T The Cortese List: The Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites (Cortese) List is a planning document used by the State, local agencies, and developers to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act requirements in providing information about the location of hazardous materials release sites. Total FAR Maximum: Maximum density for a parcel inclusive of office and R+D floor area, commercial and retail areas, residential floor area, and TDR floor area from sending parcels. Transfer of development rights (TDR): A program through which developers can purchase the development rights, such as allowed square footage, of specific parcels, “sending parcels,” and transfer the rights to a “receiving parcel.” TDR programs can establish guidelines for the type of land uses and buildings that can be developed with the transferred development rights, such as preserving open space or developing public facilities on sending parcels. Transportation Demand Management (TDM): Strategies and policies implemented to reduce the amount of traffic and improve the efficiency and use of transportation services and options. U Understory planting: A landscaping technique where vegetation that is small and shade tolerant is placed under the canopies of taller trees. Universal design: Deisgn techniques that make buildings and spaces accessible to people of all ages and abilities. Urban ecology: The study of humans in cities, of wildlife & nature in cities, and the relationship between humans & wildlife in an urban context. Urban forest: The collection of trees and vegetation within a city, town, or suburb. V Vulnerability: A qualitative or quantitative expression of the level to which an entity is susceptible to harm when it experiences a hazard. W Walkability: The ability of a built environment - including sidewalks, spaces between buildings, and crosswalks - to encourage pedestrian use and connectivity. Watershed: An area of land that channels rainfall and snowmelt through stream and rivers into a larger body of water or waterway. Wayfinding signage/stations: Individual or centralized signage designed to help people navigate a space by providing relevant information on nearby destinations, transit systems, and more. Z Zero lot line: A property where the building touches or ends very near the property lot boundary.
Exhibit B – General Plan Amendments
General Plan Amendments to incorporate the Lindenville Specific Plan.
Chapter 2: Our Story
1. Modify the Sub-Areas diagram (Figure 3: Sphere of Influence and Sub-Areas on page 20
of the General Plan) to reflect the Sub-Area boundary shown in the Lindenville Specific
Plan (Figure 2: Lindenville Plan Area on page 3 of the Lindenville Specific Plan).
Chapter 5: Land Use and Community Design
2. Modify the General Plan Land Use diagram (Figure 6: General Plan Land Use on page
62 of the General Plan) for consistency with districts and proposed roadways shown in
the Lindenville Specific Plan (Figure 11: Land Use Districts on page 40 of the
Lindenville Specific Plan).
3. Modify the General Plan Land Use Designations (Table 6: General Plan Land Use
Designations on page 65 of the General Plan) to remove the Industrial Transition Zone.
Chapter 6: Sub-Areas
4. Modify the Sub-Areas diagram (Figure 7: Sphere of Influence and Sub-Areas on page 92
of the General Plan) to reflect the Sub-Area boundary shown in the Lindenville Specific
Plan (Figure 2: Lindenville Plan Area on page 3 of the Lindenville Specific Plan).
5. Modify the Downtown Sub-Area diagram (page 94 of the General Plan) to reflect the
Sub-Area boundary shown in the Lindenville Specific Plan (Figure 2: Lindenville Plan
Area on page 3 of the Lindenville Specific Plan).
6. Modify the Lindenville Sub-Area diagram (page 100 of the General Plan) to reflect the
Sub-Area boundary and proposed roadways shown in the Lindenville Specific Plan
(Figure 2: Lindenville Plan Area on page 3 of the Lindenville Specific Plan).
7. Add text at the bottom of page 100 to read:
a. “The Lindenville Specific Plan contains specific directives, strategies, and
standards to implement the General Plan’s vision for Lindenville.”
8. Modify the Orange Park Sub-Area diagram (page 104 of the General Plan) to reflect the
Sub-Area boundary shown in the Lindenville Specific Plan (Figure 2: Lindenville Plan
Area on page 3 of the Lindenville Specific Plan).
9. Modify Policy SA-22.3 to read:
a. "Encourage parcel assemblage of the Park ‘N Fly site (160 Produce Avenue) and
the Golden Gate Produce Terminal site (131 Terminal Court) and encourage
developers to create a master plan for mixed use development on the combined
parcels. "
10. Add new policy to read:
a. "Policy SA-22.8: Implement the Lindenville Specific Plan. Implement the
Lindenville Specific Plan and update as necessary.“
11. Modify Policy SA-26.3 to read:
a. "Actively encourage affordable arts spaces through use classifications in the
zoning code and streamlined permitting in the Industrial Transition Zone."
12. Add text on page 126, before the sentence: “Other goals related to Lindenville in other
Elements include the following:” to read:
a. See the Lindenville Specific Plan for more goals and policies related to
Lindenville.
Chapter 9: Mobility and Access
13. Modify text in the Bicycle and Pedestrian Networks section on page 185 of the General
Plan to reflect the bicycle and pedestrian network in the Lindenville Specific Plan (Figure
27: Pedestrian Priority Streets on page 127 and Figure 28: Bicycle Priority Streets on
page 128 of the Lindenville Specific Plan) to read:
a. "As South San Francisco adds residents and jobs, more trips will need to occur
via walking and biking to keep the city moving. For the area of the city outside of
Lindenville, The Active South City Plan presents the City’s roadmap for bicycle
and pedestrian network rollout in the near-, medium-, and long-term, with an
emphasis on creating comfortable, connected facilities that address key barriers
throughout the city, such as US-101, I-280, and El Camino Real. The plan
identifies changes to how infrastructure and programmatic elements can grow
walking and bicycling in the city. The Lindenville Specific Plan provides guidance
for enhancing bicycle and pedestrian networks within the Lindenville Sub-Area.
Recommendations from the Active South City Plan and the Lindenville Specific
Plan should be implemented alongside the street concepts described above and
scheduled using the priority network introduced in the Keys Issues and
Opportunities section. Reworking the street network to accommodate multiple
modes will require further analysis in some places, and tradeoffs where right-of-
way is limited. Where conflicts arise, decision makers should refer back to the
Mobility Element Key Outcomes."
14. Modify the Proposed Roadway Network diagram (Figure 14: Proposed Roadway
Network on page 182 of the General Plan) to reflect the roadway network shown in the
Lindenville Specific Plan (Figure 30: Auto Priority Streets on page 130 of the
Lindenville Specific Plan).
15. Modify the Proposed New Streets and Major Transportation Investments Table (Table 6:
Proposed New Streets and Major Transportation Investments on page 189 of the General
Plan) to read:
a. Row 4: Extension from South Airport Boulevard to San Mateo Avenue with
connection to Produce Avenue with new US-101 ramps to be added in a second
phase of work.
b. Insert new #8: #8, High, South Spruce Avenue, Road Diet between El Camino
Real and Railroad Avenue with protected bicycle lanes and widened sidewalks, 2
lanes + center turn lane +bike lanes, 30 mph, Supports corridor redevelopment
and complete streets goals, $30M
c. Replace text in row 14: Medium, South Canal Street/Mayfair Avenue, Close South
Canal Street as part of Colma Creek widening project and replace with an
extension of Mayfair Avenue from South Spruce Avenue to South Linden Avenue,
2 lanes, 20 MPH, Neighborhood, Improves internal connectivity in Lindenville,
$15M
d. Replace text in Row 15: Medium High, 2-4 lanes + bike lanes in places, 25 MPH
e. Replace text in Row 16: Medium High
f. Replace text in Row 19: Extension from South Spruce Avenue to South Maple
Linden Avenue
g. Reorder table from “High” to “Low” in the City Involvement column.
Chapter 10: Abundant and Accessible Parks and Recreation
16. Modify text in the Planned and Proposed Parks section on page 222 of the General Plan
to reflect the parks and open space network in the Lindenville Specific Plan (Figure 23:
Parks and Open Space Framework on page 93 of the Lindenville Specific Plan) to read:
a. "New linear parks: Provide trail connections to parks and other trails
throughout the city, encouraging active mobility, recreation, and gathering. These
include the Railroad Avenue Linear Park (from US 101 to East Grand Avenue),
Lindenville Linear Park (from Tanforan Avenue to South Maple Avenue),
Randolph Avenue Linear Park (from Airport Boulevard to Hillside Boulevard),
and more connections to Centennial Way. See the Lindenville Specific Plan for
more information about proposed linear parks in Lindenville.
A transformed Colma Creek: Co-locate new park and open space features along
a new Colma Creek trail to create opportunities for active recreation, social
gathering, green infrastructure, and patches for natural habitat. See the
Lindenville Specific Plan for more information about Colma Creek
transformation.
New parks in East of 101 and Lindenville: Support new residential
neighborhoods. See the Lindenville Specific Plan for more information about
proposed parks in Lindenville.”
17. Modify the Existing and Potential Park Sites diagram (Figure 31: Existing and Potential
Park Sites on page 223 of the General Plan) to reflect the proposed parks shown in the
Lindenville Specific Plan (Figure 23: Parks and Open Space Framework on page 93 of
the Lindenville Specific Plan).
18. Modify Policy PR-2.6 to read:
a. Plan for new parks in East of 101 and Lindenville. Ensure new residential
mixed-use neighborhoods in East of 101 and Lindenville plan for a well-
connected network of parks and open space. See the Lindenville Specific Plan for
more information about proposed parks in Lindenville.
Chapter 12: Community Health and Environmental Justice
19. Modify the Disadvantaged Communities diagram (Figure 37: Disadvantaged
Communities on page 258 of the General Plan) to reflect the Sub-Area boundary shown
in the Lindenville Specific Plan (Figure 2: Lindenville Plan Area on page 3 of the
Lindenville Specific Plan).
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